L形冷弯薄壁型钢组合钢管混凝土柱轴压性能

为解决异形钢管混凝土柱阴角对其承载力的影响,提出了用1个冷弯薄壁方钢管和2个U形钢管焊接成L形钢管,内填充混凝土形成L形冷弯薄壁型钢组合钢管混凝土柱形式。设计了5组共10根试件的轴压试验,并开展了有限元参数分析,研究了钢管厚度、U形管外伸长度和钢材强度等参数对构件承载力和延性等力学性能的影响。结果表明:该类试件的主要破坏形态为中上部局部鼓曲破坏,适量增大U形管外伸长度可以提高承载力,但增大到一定程度之后易发生弯扭破坏;承载力和延性随着钢管厚度和钢材强度增大而增加;混凝土强度对构件的初始刚度和峰值荷载的影响都很小,但对曲线下降段的影响较大;试件端部和中部截面阴角处的混凝土应力值比各边中部更大,说明采用U形钢管与方钢管组合的方式改善了阴角处钢管对混凝土约束普遍较弱的问题。基于“统一理论”,给出了两种承载力建议计算公式,与试验结果吻合较好,两种计算方法在0.44~1.94的约束效应系数范围内具有良好的适用性。

Microenvironmental effects on growth response of Pinus massoniana to climate at its northern boundary in the Tongbai Mountains,Central China

The Tongbai Mountains is an ecologically sensi-tive region and the northern boundary of Pinus massoniana Lamb.To analyze the effect of different microenvironments on tree growth response to climate factors,we developed standard chronologies for earlywood width(EWW),late-wood width(LWW),and total ring width(TRW)of P.massoniana at two sampling sites on slopes with different orientations,then analyzed characteristics of the chronolo-gies and their correlations with climate variables from five stations in the region and with a regional normalized differ-ence vegetation index(NDVI).Statistical results showed that the TRW/EWW/LWW chronology consistency and charac-teristics(mean sensitivity,signal to noise ratio,expressed population signal)for trees growing on the southeastern slope were much higher than for trees on the northeastern slope.Correlations indicated that temperature in current March and August has a significant positive effect on TRW/EWW/LWW formation,and the effect on the northeastern slope was weaker than on the southeastern slope.Compared to temperature,precipitation has more complicated effects on tree growth,but the effect on the northeastern slope was also generally weaker than on the southeastern slope.Step-wise linear regression analyses showed that temperature in August was the main limiting factor at the two sampling sites.Similarly,the response of tree growth on the southeast-ern slope as determined by the NDVI is better than on the northeastern slope,and the TRW/EWW/LWW chronologies for the southeastern slope explained over 50%of the total NDVI variances in June.Overall,the results indicate that the difference in the climate response of P.massoniana at two sampling sites is clearly caused by differences in the microenvironment,and such differences should be properly considered in future studies of forest dynamics and climate reconstructions.

Old Pinus massoniana forests benefit more from recent rapid warming in humid subtropical areas of central-southern China

Trees progress through various growth stages,each marked by specific responses and adaptation strate-gies to environmental conditions.Despite the importance of age-related growth responses on overall forest health and management policies,limited knowledge exists regarding age-related effects on dendroclimatic relationships in key subtropical tree species.In this study,we employed a den-drochronological method to examine the impact of rapid warming on growth dynamics and climatic sensitivity of young(40–60 years)and old(100–180 years)Pinus mas-soniana forests across six sites in central-southern China.The normalized log basal area increment of trees in both age groups increased significantly following rapid warming in 1984.Trees in young forests further showed a distinct growth decline during a prolonged severe drought(2004–2013),whereas those in old forests maintained growth increases.Tree growth was more strongly influenced by temperature than by moisture,particularly in old forests.Spring tem-peratures strongly and positively impacted the growth of old trees but had a weaker effect on young ones.Old forests had a significantly lower resistance to extreme drought but faster recovery compared to young forests.The“divergence problem”was more pronounced in younger forests due to their heightened sensitivity to warming-induced drought and heat stress.With ongoing warming,young forests also may initially experience a growth decline due to their heightened sensitivity to winter drought.Our findings underscore the importance of considering age-dependent changes in forest/tree growth response to warming in subtropical forest man-agement,particularly in the context of achieving“Carbon Peak&Carbon Neutrality”goals in China.

腺病毒介导SDF-1/NELL-1双基因转染ADSCs复合Nano-n HA支架对犬下颌骨缺损修复的实验研究

目的:构建腺病毒介导的基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell-derived factor-1,SDF-1)和尼尔样-1型分子(Nell-like molecule-l,Nell-1)双基因转染犬ADSCs复合Nano-n HA支架,观察其对犬下颌骨缺损的修复作用。方法:构建携SDF-1及NELL-1目的基因片段的腺病毒表达载体,分组转染犬ADSCs后行体外成骨分化诱导,ELISA法检测目的基因转染ADSCs后结合支架体内外生长各期目的蛋白表达。20只比格犬随机分为5组,A组为空白组(无支架置入),B组为单纯支架组,C组为SDF-1/Nano-n HA组,D组为Nell-1/Nano-n HA组,E组为SDF-1/Nell-1/Nano-n HA组。CM-Dil细胞标记后构建ADSCs-Nano-n HA支架骨组织工程复合体,制备犬双侧下颌骨缺损模型,将不同细胞支架复合体分组植入下颌骨缺损区。术后第4、8、12周取材行大体观察、CT、扫描电镜、细胞示踪实验及组织学检测,比较各组缺损区新骨形成情况,行统计学分析。结果:ADSCs传代培养及成骨诱导分化状态良好,荧光显微镜下观察SDF-1、Nell-1及SDF-1/Nell-1重组腺病毒均能稳定转染ADSCs,各组目的蛋白表达体内外实验表达有显著性差异。通过大体观察及X线、CT扫描、ECM检测发现转染组骨缺损区新骨形成情况优于未转染组,且共转染组成骨速度及质量优于其他各组。组织学染色可见转染组新骨形成及血管生成情况均优于未转染组,且共转染组新生骨小梁面积及骨成熟度均优于其他各组。结论:SDF-1、Nell-1均可转染ADSCs并可稳定表达,目的基因转染ADSCs复合Nano-n HA支架后可显著促进下颌骨缺损的成骨修复,为组织工程修复成骨提供了新路径。

Study on Antibacterial Effects of Extracts from Pinus massoniana Lamb.Needles

[Objectives]To study the antibacterial effects of extracts from Pinus massoniana Lamb.needles.[Methods]In this experiment,the components from Pinus massoniana Lamb.needles were extracted by systematic solvent extraction method,and the antibacterial activity against four common bacteria,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Aspergillus flavus and the antibacterial active component were examined for by punch method.[Results]Different solvent extraction rate was different,the rates of petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water extracts were 4.2%,16.7%,17.4%,21.1%,40.6%.All extracts showed inhibitory effect against test bacteria.It was observed that the inhibition of G+was stronger than G-,and the extracts had the best antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus while the weakest to Aspergillus flavus.The antibacterial activity of the components decreased in the order:ethyl acetate extract>n-butanol extract>chloroform extract>petroleum ether extract>aqueous phase.The extracts were stable under ultraviolet radiation(UV)light and long term storage.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was weaker with the increase of pH value when the pH value≤8.[Conclusions]It is inferred that the antibacterial components in the extract of Pinus massoniana needles are widely distributed,and the components with medium polarity or above are the main antibacterial components.

Chitosan Oligosaccharide Induces Plant Resistance Gene Expression in Pinus massoniana

Chitosan oligosaccharides(COSs)are the main degradation products from chitosan or chitin and have been reported to induce resistance to diseases in herbaceous plants like cucumber and Arabidopsis.Concomitantly,pine wilt disease(PWD)is a devastating disease of conifer tree species.Here,we hypothesized that COSs induce plant resistance gene(PRG)expression in the woody plant Masson pine,Pinus massoniana.COSs were inoculated into P.massoniana seedlings and the BGISEQ-500 platform was used to generate transcriptomes from COSs-treated P.massoniana and control seedlings.A total of 501 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by comparing the treatment and control groups.A total of 251(50.1%)DEGs were up-regulated in the treatment relative to the control seedlings and 250(49.9%)were down-regulated.Inoculation of COSs induced the expression of 31 PRGs in P.massoniana seedlings and the relative expression levels of six of the PRGs were verified by RT-qPCR.This is the first study to demonstrate that COS induces the expression of PRGs in a tree species.These results provide important insights into the function of COSs and further the prospects of developing a COS-based immune inducer for controlling PWD.

BNIP3L介导的线粒体自噬在镉致大鼠大脑皮质神经元凋亡中的作用

为探究线粒体自噬受体Bcl-2/腺病毒E1B 19 kDa相互作用蛋白3样(BNIP3L)介导的线粒体自噬对镉致大鼠大脑皮质神经元凋亡的调控作用,利用RNA干扰技术建立大鼠大脑皮质神经元BNIP3L基因沉默模型,并经10μmol/L镉处理12 h,Western blot检测BNIP3L、帕金森氏蛋白2(Parkin)和线粒体凋亡通路相关蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3的表达水平,免疫荧光染色检测BNIP3L与线粒体标志蛋白TOMM20共定位,透射电镜检测细胞内线粒体自噬体数目,FITC Annexin V染色检测细胞凋亡水平。结果:大鼠大脑皮质神经元经镉处理12 h后,BNIP3L蛋白表达水平极显著升高(P<0.01),BNIP3L与TOMM20共定位增加,沉默BNIP3L极显著抑制镉致Parkin线粒体转位(P<0.01),抑制镉致细胞内线粒体自噬体形成,极显著促进镉致caspase-9、caspase-3激活和神经元凋亡(P<0.01)。结果表明,BNIP3L介导的线粒体自噬可抑制镉致大鼠大脑皮质神经元凋亡。

甘蓝型油菜BnaSLY1基因进化分析及功能研究

赤霉素调控植物表皮细胞增长、茎叶伸长以及株型建成。拟南芥SLY1属于F-box蛋白,它通过靶向泛素化赤霉素信号转导路径的负向调控因子——DELLA蛋白来影响植物生长发育,然而油菜中BnaSLY1的基因功能尚未揭示。本研究对BnaSLY1进行了表达特征和进化树分析,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术创制了BnaSLY1不同拷贝数的突变体,结合RNA-Seq技术对BnaSLY1的生物学功能及其对油菜生长发育的影响进行了研究。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜Westar中有2个SLY1同源拷贝BnaA01.SLY1和BnaA06.SLY1,它们表达模式基本相同,为组成型表达基因,其蛋白定位在细胞核,且在不同的油菜品种及十字花科植物间序列保守。与对照相比,单突bnaa01sly1和bnaa06sly1开花时间推迟,株高显著降低,而双突bnasly1还表现出深绿色光叶表型,叶片厚度增加,开花期比单突进一步推迟,株高也进一步降低。RNA-Seq结果显示,双突与Westar之间的差异表达基因显著富集在生长素信号转导路径以及蜡质合成通路,多个开花时间相关基因表达也发生显著变化。本研究表明, BnaSLY1除影响植物株高和开花时间等生长发育进程,还影响表皮蜡质合成,为探索赤霉素信号转导路径在甘蓝型油菜生长发育中的重要作用奠定了理论基础。

缺血性脑卒中铁死亡特征基因NFE2L2的鉴定与验证

背景:铁死亡与缺血性脑卒中的发病密切相关,靶向铁死亡是一种治疗缺血性脑卒中有前景的方案,但具体调控靶点尚不明确。目的:通过生物信息学和机器学习方法筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡相关特征基因,并通过细胞实验进行验证,探讨铁死亡在缺血性脑卒中的作用。方法:基于GEO数据库和FerrDb数据库选取符合条件的缺血性脑卒中相关数据集和铁死亡表达数据集,通过t检验筛选铁死亡相关差异基因。对铁死亡相关差异基因进行GO功能富集分析与KEGG信号通路富集分析。通过PPI网络分析和机器学习筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡的特征基因,利用ROC分析和GSEA分析探究特征基因的准确性和生物功能。然后进行细胞实验,将HT22细胞分为对照组与缺血性脑卒中组,对照组不作任何干预,缺血性脑卒中组加入0.1 mol/L的H_(2)O_(2)干预24 h诱导细胞氧化应激和铁死亡,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Western Blot验证铁死亡的发生和特征基因表达。结果与结论:(1)共获取45个铁死亡相关差异基因,GO和KEGG富集分析发现差异基因与氧化应激、自噬、铁死亡、脂肪细胞因子信号通路和线粒体代谢密切相关。(2)通过PPI网络中的MCODE插件和cytoHubba插件与机器学习中的LASSO算法和SVM-RFE算法共鉴定出1个铁死亡特征基因核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,NFE2L2)。(3)对NFE2L2进行ROC曲线分析,发现在训练集和验证集中构建的诊断预测模型具有良好的准确性与特异性;对NFE2L2进行GSEA分析,发现特征基因通过免疫、炎症反应、氨基酸代谢及神经因子调控等方面参与缺血性脑卒中发病机制的调控。(4)细胞实验的RT-PCR和Western Blot分析表明,与对照组对比,缺血性脑卒中组中的酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组对比,缺血性脑卒中组中特征基因NFE2L2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05)。(5)上述结果证实,缺血性脑卒中与铁死亡密切相关,靶向特征基因NFE2L2可以为研究和治疗缺血性脑卒中提供一定的思路与方向。

基于整车关键尺寸L114的平台架构研究

为了研究最优的整车平台架构策略,本文详细阐述平台架构的概念,定义了架构关键尺寸L114,列举国内某车企基于关键尺寸L114一致的平台拓展尺寸链,并梳理该平台架构乘员舱架构件具体的策略,通过对比分别采取平台车型关键尺寸L113一致与平台车型关键尺寸L114一致时的平台通用化率,发现2种策略的平台通用化率基本一致。同时结合整车安全碰撞策略进行分析,结果表明,若采用关键尺寸L114更具优势,该策略下同平台车型仅需满足高车型的碰撞策略,即可同步满足其他车型的侧碰要求,有效降低平台开发成本。

Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes.As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics.We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules.To investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates.In sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs,suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability.This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in i Neurons.Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies.

Loss-of-function mutations of microRNA-142-3p promote ASH1L expression to induce immune evasion and hepatocellular carcinoma progression

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been a pervasive malignancy throughout the world with elevated mortality.Efficient therapeutic targets are beneficial to treat and predict the disease.Currently,the exact molecular mechanisms leading to the progression of HCC are still unclear.Research has shown that the microRNA-142-3p level decreases in HCC,whereas bioinformatics analysis of the cancer genome atlas database shows the ASH1L expression increased among liver tumor tissues.In this paper,we will explore the effects and mechanisms of microRNA-142-3p and ASH1L affect the prognosis of HCC patients and HCC cell bioactivity,and the association between them.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanisms of microRNA-142-3p and ASH1L on the HCC cell bioactivity and prognosis of HCC patients.METHODS In this study,we grouped HCC patients according to their immunohistochemistry results of ASH1L with pathological tissues,and retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of HCC patients.Furthermore,explored the roles and mechanisms of microRNA-142-3p and ASH1L by cellular and animal experiments,which involved the following experimental methods:Immunohistochemical staining,western blot,quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction,flow cytometric analysis,tumor xenografts in nude mice,etc.The statistical methods involved in this study contained t-test,one-way analysis of variance,theχ^(2)test,the Kaplan-Meier approach and the log-rank test.RESULTS In this study,we found that HCC patients with high expression of ASH1L possess a more recurrence rate as well as a decreased overall survival rate.ASH1L promotes the tumorigenicity of HCC and microRNA-142-3p exhibits reduced expression in HCC tissues and interacts with ASH1L through targeting the ASH1L 3′untranslated region.Furthermore,microRNA-142-3p promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation,invasion,and migration of HCC cell lines in vitro via ASH1L.For the exploration mechanism,we found ASH1L may promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment in HCC and ASH1L affects the expression of the cell junction protein zonula occludens-1,which is potentially relevant to the immune system.CONCLUSION Loss function of microRNA-142-3p induces cancer progression and immune evasion through upregulation of ASH1L in HCC.Both microRNA-142-3p and ASH1L can feature as new biomarker for HCC in the future.

关于L-代数中理想的一些注记

许多逻辑代数可以看成L-代数.讨论一些特殊的L-代数,给出其L-理想与格滤子之间的关系.刻画一类使得L-理想集与格滤子集相等的格L-代数,同时给出L-代数与蕴含格之间的一个等价刻画.进一步给出格序效应代数的理想与L-理想以及它的同余与L-同余的等价刻画.

载富血小板血浆水凝胶对L929细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

背景:在慢性创面愈合过程中,活性氧的过量生成可能会损害L929成纤维细胞的功能,从而延缓创面修复,因此保护成纤维细胞免受氧化应激的影响对于促进创面愈合非常重要。目的:评估羧甲基壳聚糖-氧化硫酸软骨素/富血小板血浆(CMC-OCS/PRP)水凝胶对H2O2刺激下L929细胞的保护作用。方法:制备CMC-OCS/PRP水凝胶,表征水凝胶的微观形貌、降解性能、清除H2O2与羟基自由基的能力及生物相容性。取生长状态良好的L929细胞,分5组培养:对照组常规培养,H2O2组加入H2O2,CMC-OCS组加入羧甲基壳聚糖-氧化硫酸软骨素水凝胶浸提液+H2O2,PRP组加入富血小板血浆凝胶浸提液+H2O2,CMC-OCS/PRP组加入羧甲基壳聚糖-氧化硫酸软骨素/富血小板血浆水凝胶浸提液处理+H2O2,每组先加入水凝胶浸提液处理6 h,然后再加入H2O2处理24 h。培养结束后,检测细胞活性氧及丙二醛水平,细胞凋亡、胶原纤维Ⅰ蛋白表达。在加入H2O2的情况下,将上述水凝胶浸提液分别与L929成纤维细胞直接或间接共培养36 h,通过划痕实验、Transwell小室实验检测细胞的迁移能力。结果与结论:①CMC-OCS/PRP水凝胶具有均匀相互关联的多孔结构及良好的降解能力,体外可有效清除H2O2与羟基自由基,并且具有良好的生物相容性;②与对照组比较,H2O2组细胞凋亡率、细胞活性氧与丙二醛水平升高(P<0.05),细胞铺展面积减少(P<0.05),胶原纤维Ⅰ蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05);与H2O2组比较,CMC-OCS组、CMC-OCS/PRP组细胞活性氧水平降低(P<0.05),PRP组、CMC-OCS组、CMCOCS/PRP组丙二醛水平降低(P<0.05)、细胞铺展面积增加(P<0.05),CMC-OCS/PRP组细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05),PRP组、CMC-OCS组、CMCOCS/PRP组胶原纤维Ⅰ蛋白表达增加(P<0.05);③与对照组比较,H2O2组细胞迁移数量减少(P<0.05),迁移面积无明显变化(P>0.05);与H2O2组比较,PRP组、CMC-OCS组、CMC-OCS/PRP组细胞迁移数量、迁移面积均增加(P<0.05),并且以CMC-OCS/PRP组增加最显著;④在氧化应激条件下,CMC-OCS/PRP水凝胶可改善成纤维细胞的迁移能力,抗细胞凋亡并保护细胞伸展功能。

Recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 alleviates learning and memory impairments via M2 microglia polarization in postoperative cognitive dysfunction mice

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of patients.To date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future research.To identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial fracture.The dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub gene.Therefore,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re surgery.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests.In addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western blotting.Treatment with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression compared with vehicle treatment.Intraperitoneal administration of the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 diminished the effects of recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1.Collectively,our findings suggest that recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 ameliorates surgery-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation via M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus.Therefore,recombinant chitinase-3-like protein1 may have therapeutic potential fo r postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Most of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely males.Many of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA expression.Only five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to controls.The microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of adults.Several important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

谱负Lévy过程末离时和占位时的分布研究

利用扰动方法和泊松方法研究谱负Lévy过程末离时0T+与首达时aτ+和过程在[0,)aτ+上的占位时的联合分布,以及末离时0T-与首达时aτ+和过程在[0,)aτ+上的占位时的联合分布。通过对这些分布的深入理解,可以更好地把握谱负Lévy过程的特性,所获得的结果以尺度函数的形式呈现。

L-谷氨酸修饰金属有机框架材料MIL-101对CO_(2)的吸附

利用L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)作为第二配体一锅合成了MIL-101-xGlu,采用XRD、N_(2)吸附-脱附、SEM及TG等方法进行了表征,考察了不同用量的L-Glu对MIL-101晶体生长的促进作用。实验结果表明,当L-Glu修饰比例为6%(x)时,晶体呈正八面体分布规则,颗粒均匀,呈(113)晶面择优取向生长,接近MIL-101的理论模拟值;微孔体积高达1.65 cm^(3)/g,比表面积高达3679.51 m^(2)/g,具有良好的N_(2)吸附-脱附性能和热稳定性。气体吸附测试表明,298 K及5 MPa下,MIL-101-6%Glu对CO_(2),CH_(4)的吸附量分别达22.94,7.10 mmol/g,对N_(2)的吸附量低至3.94 mmol/g,优于单一MIL-101。

Branching and growth of plantings in fifth year of a seedling seed orchard of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)

The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number for four consecutive years, diameter of branches of different ages, and diameter of stem where branch-whorl originates. For features of total growth and overall branching, no significant differences were found between families, except for DBH. For annual features, no significant differences were found in annual stem height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongation and diameter of branches. In the last four years, differences in number of branches were not significant in the first two years but were significant in the last two year; differences in stem diameter where branch-whorls grow were significant for the four consecutive years. Trend of annual growth and branching features of families can be divided into three types as increasing type, stable type and fluctuating type. Most of families have an increasing type with respect of annual height growth and annual branch elongation, while most families belong to a fluctuating type with annual branch number. The results indicated that in the fifth year after planted in seedling seed orchard, differences between families were mostly insignificant. This result may have two main explanations: one is the growth rhyme in early ages of Masson pine, the other one is the complex paternal components to form the open-pollinated families. Family selection seemed to be not useful based on the result. It is suggested to select some of families in the nursery instead of to use all the families when establishing seedling seed orchards with open-pollinated families from plus-trees.

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、湿地松(Pinus elliottii)挥发性化学物质的昼夜节律释放

用TCT-GC/MS分析了马尾松、湿地松挥发性有机化合物的昼夜节律变化。结果表明:马尾松昼夜节律中检测到的挥发物主要是萜烯类化合物,其中单萜种类最多,且α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯含量约占整个挥发物的80%,其次是含氧化合物等。这些挥发物的释放高峰多数在10:30,少数在1:30;整个变化中有两个低峰期,即13:30和22:30。湿地松中检测到的挥发物组分与马尾松相似,多数释放高峰在12:00~15:00之间;另一些在6:00;α-蒎烯的释放高峰在3:00,而此时其它挥发性化合物的释放量最低。挥发物的释放也受到外界环境的影响,一定范围内随着温度的升高、湿度的减小,其释放量增加。