Mastic gum is derived from the tree named Pistacia lentiscus that is grown only in Island Hios of Greek.Since Mastic was first reported to kill Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in 1998,there has been no further study to e...Mastic gum is derived from the tree named Pistacia lentiscus that is grown only in Island Hios of Greek.Since Mastic was first reported to kill Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in 1998,there has been no further study to elucidate which component of mastic specifically shows the antimicrobial activity against H.pylori.In this study,we examined which component of mastic gum was responsible for anti-H.pylori activity.We prepared the essential oil of mastic gum and identified 20 constituents by GC–MS analysis.Ten standard components were assayed for anti-H.pylori activity,and it clarified that a-terpineol and(E)-methyl isoeugenol showed the anti-H.pylori activity against four different H.pylori strains that were established from patients with gastritis,gastric ulcer and gastric cancer.These components could be useful to overcome the drug-resistance H.pylori growth in stomach.展开更多
Chios mastic gum(CMG),the resin produced by the trunk of Pistachia lentiscus var Chia,has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes since antiquity.Despite the fact that Pistacia species are widely distributed thr...Chios mastic gum(CMG),the resin produced by the trunk of Pistachia lentiscus var Chia,has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes since antiquity.Despite the fact that Pistacia species are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and in the circum-Mediterranean regions,CMG is a distinctive resin of the mastic trees grown exclusively in the southern part of the island of Chios.CMG has been used for centuries as a spice,a cosmetic,but its most important usage has been as a strong phytotherapeutic therapy,primarily for the management of gastrointestinal diseases.Recently,there are studies demonstrating that CMG has hypolipidemic,cardioprotective and antidiabetic properties.Therefore,the aim of the present review is to summarize the existing literature data regarding the potential beneficial effects of CMG on cardiometabolic risk factors.展开更多
The essential oil and gum of Pistachia lentiscus var. Chia, commonly known as the mastic gum tree, are natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that have found extensive uses in food, beverages and medicine in rec...The essential oil and gum of Pistachia lentiscus var. Chia, commonly known as the mastic gum tree, are natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that have found extensive uses in food, beverages and medicine in recent years. In this work, the chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oil of mastic gum was evaluated by GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry） technique and the majority of their components were identified. Twenty nine different compounds were identified and quantified. The gum oil contained monoterpene, hydrocarbons, sesquitepenes, and also oxygen-containing monoterpenes. The main constituents of the gum oil are ct-pinene which follow β-pinene and β-myrcene. Essential oil of mastic gum is valuable product in food industries and in folklore medicine due to its antimicrobial and antimutagenic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the principal congeners of these valuable natural ＂resin tears＂ of the tree which are used in flavoring liquors, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.展开更多
In this study, a natural gum mastic was evaluated as a microencapsulating and matrixforming material for sustained drug release. Mastic was characterized for its physicochemical properties. Microparticles were prepare...In this study, a natural gum mastic was evaluated as a microencapsulating and matrixforming material for sustained drug release. Mastic was characterized for its physicochemical properties. Microparticles were prepared by oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet and melt granulation techniques. Diclofenac sodium(DFS) and diltiazem hydrochloride(DLTZ) were used as model drugs. Mastic produced discrete and spherical microspheres with DLTZ and microcapsules with DFS. Particle size and drug loading of microparticles was in the range of 22–62 μm and 50–87%, respectively. Increase in mastic:drug ratio increased microparticle size, improved drug loading and decreased the drug release rate. Microparticles with gum: drug ratio of 2:1 could sustain DLTZ release up to 12 h and released 57% DFS in 12 h. Mastic produced tablets with acceptable pharmacotechnical properties. A 30% w/w of mastic in tablet could sustain DLTZ release for 5 h from wet granulation,and DFS release for 8 h and 11 h from wet and melt granulation, respectively. Results revealed that a natural gum mastic can be used successfully to formulate matrix tablets and microparticles for sustained drug release.展开更多
In recent years, there was a debate about the effects of gum chewing on various aspects of cognitive functioning. In this review, the results of previous studies are presented and summarized. There is a clear indicati...In recent years, there was a debate about the effects of gum chewing on various aspects of cognitive functioning. In this review, the results of previous studies are presented and summarized. There is a clear indication that gum chewing can improve various aspects of cognitive functioning including memory, attention and both executive and intellectual functioning. However, there is also clear evidence that chewing gum during cognitive tasks can adversely affect task performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the replication of (beneficial or detrimental) effects of gum chewing on cognition has been proven to be very difficult. Consequently, the robustness of reported effects of gum chewing on cognition has to be questioned. Suggestions for future research are given.展开更多
目的通过乳香胶对幽门螺杆菌(H P)的体外和体内试验来判定其疗效。方法用琼脂稀释法确定乳香胶对H P的最小抑菌浓度(M IC)及最小杀菌浓度(M BC),以H P感染沙鼠4周后给予药物治疗,疗程14d。结果乳香胶对H P M 13适用株的M IC为0.125m g m...目的通过乳香胶对幽门螺杆菌(H P)的体外和体内试验来判定其疗效。方法用琼脂稀释法确定乳香胶对H P的最小抑菌浓度(M IC)及最小杀菌浓度(M BC),以H P感染沙鼠4周后给予药物治疗,疗程14d。结果乳香胶对H P M 13适用株的M IC为0.125m g m/L,M BC为0.5m g m/L;口服治疗7,14d及停药20d后H P清除率,3.75m g剂量组分别为25%,100%,25%,7.5m g剂量组分别为0,100%,50%,15m g剂量组分别为50%,100%,100%。结论乳香胶在体内和体外对H P感染都有效,但在体内试验中,停药后低剂量组有复发,可能是因为低剂量乳香胶只能抑制H P生长而不能完全清除细菌。展开更多
Helicobacter pylori （H. pylori） virulence factors pro- mote the release of various chemoattractants/inflam- matory mediators, including mainly the neutrophil- attractant chemokine interleukin-8 and neutrophil- activ...Helicobacter pylori （H. pylori） virulence factors pro- mote the release of various chemoattractants/inflam- matory mediators, including mainly the neutrophil- attractant chemokine interleukin-8 and neutrophil- activating protein （NAP）, involved in H. pylor/-induced gastric pathologies. Co-administration of Chios mastic gum （CMG）, which inhibits H. pylor/NAP, with an H. pylori eradication regimen might add clinical benefits against H. pylori-related gastric pathologies, but pos- sibly not CMG as main therapy. Although H. pylori NAP and other H. pylori-related cytotoxins [i.e., vaculating cytotoxin （VacA）] appear to play a major role in gener- ating and maintaining the H. pylori-associated gastric inflammatory response and H. pylor/NAP is a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection （H. pylori-1）, concerns regarding its potential drawbacks, particularly neurogenic ones, due to possible cross- mimicry, should be considered. Possible cross-mimicry between H. p, vlor/ NAP and/or bacterial aquaporin （AQP） and neural tissues may be associated with the anti-AQP-4 antibody-related neural damage in multiple sclerosis （MS）/neuromyelitis optica patients. Moreover, the sequence homology found between H. pylori VacA and human Na＋/K＋-ATPase A subunit suggests that antibodies to VacA involve ion channels in abaxonal Schwann cell plasmalemma resulting in demyelination in some patients. A series of factors have been im- plicated in inducing blood-brain barrier （BBB） disrup- tion, including inflammatory mediators （e.g., cytokines and chemokines induced by H. pylor/-I） and oxidative stress. BBB disruption permits access of AQP4-specific antibodies and T lymphocytes to the central nervous system, thereby playing a major role in multiple sclero- sis pathogenesis. Relative studies show a strong asso- ciation between H. pylori-I and MS. H. pylor/-I induces humoral and cellular immune responses that, owing to the sharing of homologous epitopes （molecular mim- icry）, cross-react with components of nerves, thereby contributing and perpetuating neural tissue damage. Finally, H. pylori NAP also plays a possible pathoge- netic role in both gastric and colon oncogenesis.展开更多
文摘Mastic gum is derived from the tree named Pistacia lentiscus that is grown only in Island Hios of Greek.Since Mastic was first reported to kill Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in 1998,there has been no further study to elucidate which component of mastic specifically shows the antimicrobial activity against H.pylori.In this study,we examined which component of mastic gum was responsible for anti-H.pylori activity.We prepared the essential oil of mastic gum and identified 20 constituents by GC–MS analysis.Ten standard components were assayed for anti-H.pylori activity,and it clarified that a-terpineol and(E)-methyl isoeugenol showed the anti-H.pylori activity against four different H.pylori strains that were established from patients with gastritis,gastric ulcer and gastric cancer.These components could be useful to overcome the drug-resistance H.pylori growth in stomach.
文摘Chios mastic gum(CMG),the resin produced by the trunk of Pistachia lentiscus var Chia,has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes since antiquity.Despite the fact that Pistacia species are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and in the circum-Mediterranean regions,CMG is a distinctive resin of the mastic trees grown exclusively in the southern part of the island of Chios.CMG has been used for centuries as a spice,a cosmetic,but its most important usage has been as a strong phytotherapeutic therapy,primarily for the management of gastrointestinal diseases.Recently,there are studies demonstrating that CMG has hypolipidemic,cardioprotective and antidiabetic properties.Therefore,the aim of the present review is to summarize the existing literature data regarding the potential beneficial effects of CMG on cardiometabolic risk factors.
文摘The essential oil and gum of Pistachia lentiscus var. Chia, commonly known as the mastic gum tree, are natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that have found extensive uses in food, beverages and medicine in recent years. In this work, the chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oil of mastic gum was evaluated by GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry） technique and the majority of their components were identified. Twenty nine different compounds were identified and quantified. The gum oil contained monoterpene, hydrocarbons, sesquitepenes, and also oxygen-containing monoterpenes. The main constituents of the gum oil are ct-pinene which follow β-pinene and β-myrcene. Essential oil of mastic gum is valuable product in food industries and in folklore medicine due to its antimicrobial and antimutagenic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the principal congeners of these valuable natural ＂resin tears＂ of the tree which are used in flavoring liquors, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
文摘In this study, a natural gum mastic was evaluated as a microencapsulating and matrixforming material for sustained drug release. Mastic was characterized for its physicochemical properties. Microparticles were prepared by oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet and melt granulation techniques. Diclofenac sodium(DFS) and diltiazem hydrochloride(DLTZ) were used as model drugs. Mastic produced discrete and spherical microspheres with DLTZ and microcapsules with DFS. Particle size and drug loading of microparticles was in the range of 22–62 μm and 50–87%, respectively. Increase in mastic:drug ratio increased microparticle size, improved drug loading and decreased the drug release rate. Microparticles with gum: drug ratio of 2:1 could sustain DLTZ release up to 12 h and released 57% DFS in 12 h. Mastic produced tablets with acceptable pharmacotechnical properties. A 30% w/w of mastic in tablet could sustain DLTZ release for 5 h from wet granulation,and DFS release for 8 h and 11 h from wet and melt granulation, respectively. Results revealed that a natural gum mastic can be used successfully to formulate matrix tablets and microparticles for sustained drug release.
文摘In recent years, there was a debate about the effects of gum chewing on various aspects of cognitive functioning. In this review, the results of previous studies are presented and summarized. There is a clear indication that gum chewing can improve various aspects of cognitive functioning including memory, attention and both executive and intellectual functioning. However, there is also clear evidence that chewing gum during cognitive tasks can adversely affect task performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the replication of (beneficial or detrimental) effects of gum chewing on cognition has been proven to be very difficult. Consequently, the robustness of reported effects of gum chewing on cognition has to be questioned. Suggestions for future research are given.
文摘Helicobacter pylori （H. pylori） virulence factors pro- mote the release of various chemoattractants/inflam- matory mediators, including mainly the neutrophil- attractant chemokine interleukin-8 and neutrophil- activating protein （NAP）, involved in H. pylor/-induced gastric pathologies. Co-administration of Chios mastic gum （CMG）, which inhibits H. pylor/NAP, with an H. pylori eradication regimen might add clinical benefits against H. pylori-related gastric pathologies, but pos- sibly not CMG as main therapy. Although H. pylori NAP and other H. pylori-related cytotoxins [i.e., vaculating cytotoxin （VacA）] appear to play a major role in gener- ating and maintaining the H. pylori-associated gastric inflammatory response and H. pylor/NAP is a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection （H. pylori-1）, concerns regarding its potential drawbacks, particularly neurogenic ones, due to possible cross- mimicry, should be considered. Possible cross-mimicry between H. p, vlor/ NAP and/or bacterial aquaporin （AQP） and neural tissues may be associated with the anti-AQP-4 antibody-related neural damage in multiple sclerosis （MS）/neuromyelitis optica patients. Moreover, the sequence homology found between H. pylori VacA and human Na＋/K＋-ATPase A subunit suggests that antibodies to VacA involve ion channels in abaxonal Schwann cell plasmalemma resulting in demyelination in some patients. A series of factors have been im- plicated in inducing blood-brain barrier （BBB） disrup- tion, including inflammatory mediators （e.g., cytokines and chemokines induced by H. pylor/-I） and oxidative stress. BBB disruption permits access of AQP4-specific antibodies and T lymphocytes to the central nervous system, thereby playing a major role in multiple sclero- sis pathogenesis. Relative studies show a strong asso- ciation between H. pylori-I and MS. H. pylor/-I induces humoral and cellular immune responses that, owing to the sharing of homologous epitopes （molecular mim- icry）, cross-react with components of nerves, thereby contributing and perpetuating neural tissue damage. Finally, H. pylori NAP also plays a possible pathoge- netic role in both gastric and colon oncogenesis.
