Artificial Immune Detection for Network Intrusion Data Based on Quantitative Matching Method

Artificial immune detection can be used to detect network intrusions in an adaptive approach and proper matching methods can improve the accuracy of immune detection methods.This paper proposes an artificial immune detection model for network intrusion data based on a quantitative matching method.The proposed model defines the detection process by using network data and decimal values to express features and artificial immune mechanisms are simulated to define immune elements.Then,to improve the accuracy of similarity calculation,a quantitative matching method is proposed.The model uses mathematical methods to train and evolve immune elements,increasing the diversity of immune recognition and allowing for the successful detection of unknown intrusions.The proposed model’s objective is to accurately identify known intrusions and expand the identification of unknown intrusions through signature detection and immune detection,overcoming the disadvantages of traditional methods.The experiment results show that the proposed model can detect intrusions effectively.It has a detection rate of more than 99.6%on average and a false alarm rate of 0.0264%.It outperforms existing immune intrusion detection methods in terms of comprehensive detection performance.

Stiffness-damping matching method of an ECAS system based on LQG control

A novel method of matching stiffness and continuous variable damping of an ECAS(electronically controlled air suspension) based on LQG(linear quadratic Gaussian) control was proposed to simultaneously improve the road-friendliness and ride comfort of a two-axle school bus.Taking account of the suspension nonlinearities and target-height-dependent variation in suspension characteristics,a stiffness model of the ECAS mounted on the drive axle of the bus was developed based on thermodynamics and the key parameters were obtained through field tests.By determining the proper range of the target height for the ECAS of the fully-loaded bus based on the design requirements of vehicle body bounce frequency,the control algorithm of the target suspension height(i.e.,stiffness) was derived according to driving speed and road roughness.Taking account of the nonlinearities of a continuous variable semi-active damper,the damping force was obtained through the subtraction of the air spring force from the optimum integrated suspension force,which was calculated based on LQG control.Finally,a GA(genetic algorithm)-based matching method between stepped variable damping and stiffness was employed as a benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of the LQG-based matching method.Simulation results indicate that compared with the GA-based matching method,both dynamic tire force and vehicle body vertical acceleration responses are markedly reduced around the vehicle body bounce frequency employing the LQG-based matching method,with peak values of the dynamic tire force PSD(power spectral density) decreased by 73.6%,60.8% and 71.9% in the three cases,and corresponding reduction are 71.3%,59.4% and 68.2% for the vehicle body vertical acceleration.A strong robustness to variation of driving speed and road roughness is also observed for the LQG-based matching method.

REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN METHOD FOR MATCHING AIRCRAFT GUNS WITH THEIR SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

In aircraft structural dynamic design the matching of guns with their supporting structure is one of the most important tasks on which hinges the success or failure of the structural design. The design curves for matching guns with their supporting structure can be obtained from response calculations of the plate-spring system supporting the gun on the ground,the model structure tested on the ground and the actual structure.A set of matching curves is given for engineering application.Then,the matching design can be accomplished by means of impact load spectrograms so as to perform an optimal structural design and to make further improvements on dynamic design program.

Experimental Study on Full-Surface Buckling of Variable Curvature Cylindrical Shell Using Multi-camera 3D-DIC System

To achieve full-surface strain measurement of variable curvature objects,a 360°3D digital image correlation(DIC)system is proposed.The measurement system consists of four double-camera systems,which capture the object’s entire surface from multiple angles,enabling comprehensive full-surface measurement.To increase the stitching quality,a hierarchical coordinate matching method is proposed.Initially,a 3D rigid body calibration auxiliary block is employed to track motion trajectory,which enables preliminary matching of four 3D-DIC sub-systems.Subsequently,secondary precise matching is performed based on feature points on the test specimen’s surface.Through the hierarchical coordinate matching method,the local 3D coordinate systems of each double-camera system are unified into a global coordinate system,achieving 3D surface reconstruction of the variable curvature cylindrical shell,and error analysis is conducted on the results.Furthermore,axial compression buckling experiment is conducted to measure the displacement and strain fields on the cylindrical shell’s surface.The experimental results are compared with the finite element analysis,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed multi-camera 3D-DIC measuring system.

Analysis of circular-to-circular groove waveguide junction

Mode matching method is used to analyze the scattering characteristics of thecircular-to-circular groove waveguide junction. Matching the electric fields and magnetic fields atthe boundary of the junction, and multiplying the mode functions of the circular waveguide andcircular groove waveguide on both sides of the boundary equation, the scattering matrix equation isobtained, the scattering coefficients can be obtained from the equation. Then the scatteringcharacteristics of the iris with circular window in circular groove waveguide are analyzed. At lastthe convergent problem is discussed; when choosing a suitable mode group, convergent numericalresults are obtained, and the frequency response of the iris' scattering coefficients is also given.

A novel method for integrating chromatographic fingerprint analytical units of Chinese materia medica:the matching frequency statistical moment method

Objective To facilitate the quality evaluation suitable for the unique characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)by developing and implementing a novel approach known as the matching frequency statistical moment(MFSM)method.Methods This study established the MFSM method.To demonstrate its effectiveness,we applied this novel approach to analyze Danxi Granules(丹膝颗粒,DXG)and its constituent herbal materials.To begin with,the ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints of DXG and its constituent herbal materi-als.Next,the MFSM was leveraged to compress and integrate them into a new fingerprint with fewer analytical units.Then,we characterized the properties and variability of both the original and integrated fingerprints by calculating total quantum statistical moment(TQSM)parameters,information entropy and information amount,along with their relative standard deviation(RSD).Finally,we compared the TQSM parameters,information entropy and infor-mation amount,and their RSD between the traditional and novel fingerprints to validate the new analytical method.Results The chromatographic peaks of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were divided and integrated into peak families by the MFSM method.Before integration,the ranges of the peak number,three TQSM parameters,information entropy and information amount for each peak or peak family of UPLC fingerprints of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were 95.07−209.73,9390−183064μv·s,5.928−21.33 min,22.62−106.69 min^(2),4.230−6.539,and 50530−974186μv·s,respectively.After integration,the ranges of these parameters were 10.00−88.00,9390−183064μv·s,5.951−22.02 min,22.27−104.73 min^(2),2.223−5.277,and 38159−807200μv·s,respectively.Correspondingly,the RSD of all the aforementioned pa-rameters before integration were 2.12%−9.15%,6.04%−49.78%,1.15%−23.10%,3.97%−25.79%,1.49%−19.86%,and 6.64%−51.20%,respectively.However,after integration,they changed to 0.00%,6.04%−49.87%,1.73%−23.02%,3.84%−26.85%,1.17%−16.54%,and 6.40%−48.59%,respectively.The results demonstrated that in the newly integrated fingerprint,the analytical units of constituent herbal materials,information entropy and information amount were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the TQSM parameters remained unchanged(P>0.05).Additionally,the RSD of the TQSM parameters,information entropy,and information amount didn’t show significant difference before and after integration(P>0.05),but the RSD of the number and area of the integrated analytical units significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion The MFSM method could reduce the analytical units of constituent herbal mate-rials while maintain the properties and variability from their original fingerprint.Thus,it could serve as a feasible and reliable tool to reduce difficulties in analyzing multi-compo-nents within CMMs and facilitating the evaluation of their quality.

Research on Network Delays of Networked Control Systems

In networked control systems (NCS), the main problem is time delays induced by communication network, which can deteriorate the performance of the systems, even cause the systems instability. If we know the exact network delays, we can compensate for their effect by modifying the parameters of the controller. Hence how to get the knowledge of these delays in the network is critical. This paper analyzed the different characteristics of network delays from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator and presented the methods of online evaluation of these delays. The experiment shows these methods are valid.

Dynamics of Vapor Bubble in a Variable Pressure Field

This paper presents analytical and numerical results of vapor bubble dynamics and acoustics in a variable pressure field.First,a classical model problem of bubble collapse due to sudden pressure increase is introduced.In this problem,the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is treated considering gas content,surface tension,and viscosity,displaying possible multiple expansion–compression cycles.Second,a similar investigation is conducted for the case when the bubble originates near the rounded leading edge of a thin and slightly curved foil at a small angle of attack.Mathematically the flow field around the foil is constructed using the method of matched asymptotic expansions.The outer flow past the hydrofoil is described by linear(small perturbations)theory,which furnishes closed-form solutions for any analytical foil.By stretching local coordinates inversely proportionally to the radius of curvature of the rounded leading edge,the inner flow problem is derived as that past a semi-infinite osculating parabola for any analytical foil with a rounded leading edge.Assuming that the pressure outside the bubble at any moment of time is equal to that at the corresponding point of the streamline,the dynamics problem of a vapor bubble is reduced to solving the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for the spherical bubble evolution in a time-dependent pressure field.For the case of bubble collapse in an adverse pressure field,the spectral parameters of the induced acoustic pressure impulses are determined similarly to equivalent triangular ones.The present analysis can be extended to 3D flows around wings and screw propellers.In this case,the outer expansion of the solution corresponds to a linear lifting surface theory,and the local inner flow remains quasi-2D in the planes normal to the planform contour of the leading edge of the wing(or screw propeller blade).Note that a typical bubble contraction time,ending up with its collapse,is very small compared to typical time of any variation in the flow.Therefore,the approach can also be applied to unsteady flow problems.

SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE TARGET RECOGNITION USING POLARIZATION AGILE WAVES

A novel matching method for simultaneous multi-target recognition is proposed by jointly considering target's prior scattering knowledge and the polarization parameters of radar echoes. The matching coefficients are calculated for the judgment. MATLAB simulations show that several targets can be accurately recognized simultaneously, and a high recognition probability can be achieved in Monte Carlo simulations. The total execution time can be remarkably reduced in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of the matching procedure.

Thermoelastic Analysis of Non-uniform Pressurized Functionally Graded Cylinder with Variable Thickness Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT) and Perturbation Method

Recently application of functionally graded materials（FGMs） have attracted a great deal of interest. These materials are composed of various materials with different micro-structures which can vary spatially in FGMs. Such composites with varying thickness and non-uniform pressure can be used in the aerospace engineering. Therefore, analysis of such composite is of high importance in engineering problems. Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded cylinder with variable thickness under non-uniform pressure is considered. First order shear deformation theory and total potential energy approach is applied to obtain the governing equations of non-homogeneous cylinder. Considering the inner and outer solutions, perturbation series are applied to solve the governing equations. Outer solution for out of boundaries and more sensitive variable in inner solution at the boundaries are considered. Combining of inner and outer solution for near and far points from boundaries leads to high accurate displacement field distribution. The main aim of this paper is to show the capability of matched asymptotic solution for different non-homogeneous cylinders with different shapes and different non-uniform pressures. The results can be used to design the optimum thickness of the cylinder and also some properties such as high temperature residence by applying non-homogeneous material.

Linear theory of beam–wave interaction in double-slot coupled cavity travelling wave tube

A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure （CCSWS） with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the ＂cold＂ dispersion, the ＂hot＂ dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.

FAST IMAGE ENCODING ALGORITHM BASED ON MEAN-MATCH CORRELATION VECTOR QUANTIZATION

A mean-match correlation vector quantizer (MMCVQ) was presented for fast image encoding. In this algorithm, a sorted codebook is generated regarding the mean values of all codewords. During the encoding stage, high correlation of the adjacent image blocks is utilized, and a searching range is obtained in the sorted codebook according to the mean value of the current processing vector. In order to gain good performance, proper THd and NS are predefined on the basis of experimental experiences and additional distortion limitation. The expermental results show that the MMCVQ algorithm is much faster than the full-search VQ algorithm, and the encoding quality degradation of the proposed algorithm is only 0.3～0.4 dB compared to the full-search VQ.

Modified OMP method for multi-target parameter estimation in frequency-agile distributed MIMO radar

Introducing frequency agility into a distributed multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)radar can significantly enhance its anti-jamming ability.However,it would cause the sidelobe pedestal problem in multi-target parameter estimation.Sparse recovery is an effective way to address this problem,but it cannot be directly utilized for multi-target parameter estimation in frequency-agile distributed MIMO radars due to spatial diversity.In this paper,we propose an algorithm for multi-target parameter estimation according to the signal model of frequency-agile distributed MIMO radars,by modifying the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)algorithm.The effectiveness of the proposed method is then verified by simulation results.

Determination of total sulfur in geothermal water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources.In most situations,it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal water.In this study,the method was established for the determination of determining total sulfur content-the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),with the wavelength of 182.034 nm selected in spectral line of sulfur.It was identified that the optimal working conditions of the ICP-AES instrument were 1200 W for high frequency generator power 9 mm for vertical observation height,0.30 MPa atomizer pressure,and 50 r/min analytical pump speed.The matrix interference of the method was eliminated by the matrix matching method.Using this method,sulfur detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit were 0.028 mg/L and 0.110 mg/L,respectively,whilst the linear range was 0.0-100.0 mg/L.The recovery rate of sample was between 90.67%and 108.7%,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was between 0.36%and 2.14%.The method was used to analyze the actual samples and the results were basically consistent with the industry standard method.With high analysis efficiency,the method has low detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit,wide linear range,good precision and accuracy,and provides an important detection method for the determination of total sulfur in geothermal water.

MODEL AND METHOD OF WELL TEST ANALYSIS FORWELLS WITH VERTICAL FRACTURE

Based on the flow mechanism of hydraulic fractured wells, through integrating linear-flow model and effective well-radius model, a new model of well test analysis for wells with vertical fracture was established. In the model, wellbore storage, the damage in the wall of fracture and all kinds of boundary conditions are considered. The model is concise in form, has intact curves and computes fast, which may meet the demand of real-time computation and fast responded well test interpretation. A new method to determine effective well radius was presented, and the correlation between effective well radius and the fracture length, fracture conductivity, skin factor of fracture was given. Matching flow rate or pressure tested, the optimization model that identified formation and fracture parameters was set up. The automatic matching method was presented by synthetically using step by step linear least square method and sequential quadratic programming. At last, the application was also discussed. Application shows that all of these results can analyze and evaluate the fracturing treatment quality scientifically and rationally, instruct and modify the design of fracturing and improve fracturing design level.

A novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen frequency selective surface with a stable performance

A thick-screen frequency selective surface （FSS） has not only a broad bandwidth but also the advantages of overcoming the multilayer FSS shortcoming of complex structure and low transmittance of centre frequency due to the cascade of FSSs, and this means it could potentially be applied in a stealth curved streamlined radome. However, there is an unsteadiness of centre frequency in a wide range of incident angles and another unsteadiness of polarization in a big incident angle. In order to solve these problems, in this paper we provide a novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS. The structure is analysed and simulated using the mode matching method and moment method. The centre frequency, the transmittance of centre frequency, and bandwidth of the structure are investigated when some parameters including the polarization at a big incident angle and the incident angles of TE ＆： TM waves are changed. The novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS has better transmission properties with a better steadiness of polarization and incident angle independence. The novel structure of the four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS provides a valuable reference for their application in a stealth curved streamlined radome.

SERIES PERTURBATIONS APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS TO N-S EQUATIONS AND MODIFICATION TO ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSION MATCHED METHOD

A method that series perturbations approximate solutions to N-S equations with boundary conditions was discussed and adopted. Then the method was proved in which the asymptotic solutions of viscous fluid flow past a sphere were deducted. By the ameliorative asymptotic expansion matched method, the matched functions, are determined easily and the ameliorative curve of drag coefficient is coincident well with measured data in the case that Reynolds number is less than or equal to 40 000.

CALCULATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGE

The modeling of the rotor support system of a typical centrifuge is discussed. The impedance matching method, cooperating with Riccati transfer matrix method and modal analysis method are adopted to calculate its dynamic characteristics. The influences of the main parts to the critical speeds are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a critical speed in the operating speed range is tuned successfully, and thus the dynamic characteristics of the centrifuge are much improved.

Scattering Characteristics of Metallic Plates in Radial Waveguide

Mode matching is a useful method to analyze the mode characteristics during the section change of a waveguide. By applying this method to the radial waveguide, and solving specific problems due to the radial transmission of electromagnetic wave, this presents a calculating method in radial waveguide based on mode matching. The scattering characteristics of metallic plates in the radial waveguide are calculated, and verified qualitatively using an electromagnetic simulator, which confirmed the validity of this method.

Integration of Agricultural Census and Population Census Data

In Hungary a general agricultural census （AC） was carried out in 2000, followed in 2001 by the population and housing census. The two censuses had been designed separately. Originally the Hungarian Central Statistical Office （HCSO） did not plan the joint analysis of the data of the two censuses. Following the censuses users and researchers expressed the view that linking the data of the two databases would represent a value-added in the use of the data and the joint utilization of the databases of the two censuses was examined. The databases were matched and the aggregated handling of the information increased the potential for analysing both censuses and allowed further, more sophisticated investigations. By means of the databases of the two censuses, the first opportunity arose for matching the discrete data of the surveys. The precondition of the matching of the data was the conformity of the respective metadata of the two operations. ,,Private holding＂ and ,,dwelling-household＂ were the categories applicable as the smallest unit for the matching. The links between the private holdings and the households could be based on the identity of the persons living in the dwelling. The matching of the data required the use of individual identity codes. With the matching process used a joint database of the agricultural and population censuses was set up providing new approaches for gender disaggregated analysis. By using the linked database, the HCSO issued a series of publications on the households living in agricultural private holdings in the countryside. This presentation describes the method of matching the databases of the two censuses.