Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage after spinal surgery

BACKGROUND Intracranial hemorrhage after spinal surgery is a rare and devastating complication.AIM To investigate the economic burden,clinical characteristics,risk factors,and mechanisms of intracranial hemorrhage after spinal surgery.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1,2015,to December 31,2022.Patients aged≥18 years,who had undergone spinal surgery were included.Intracranial hemorrhage patients were selected after spinal surgery during hospitalization.Based on the type of spinal surgery,patients with intracranial hemorrhage were randomly matched in a 1:5 ratio with control patients without intracranial hemorrhage.The patients'pre-,intra-,and post-operative data and clinical manifestations were recorded.RESULTS A total of 24472 patients underwent spinal surgery.Six patients(3 males and 3 females,average age 71.3 years)developed intracranial hemorrhage after posterior spinal fusion procedures,with an incidence of 0.025%(6/24472).The prevailing type of intracranial hemorrhage was cerebellar hemorrhage.Two patients had a poor clinical outcome.Based on the type of surgery,30 control patients were randomly matched in 1:5 ratio.The intracranial hemorrhage group showed significant differences compared with the control group with regard to age(71.33±7.45 years vs 58.39±8.07 years,P=0.001),previous history of cerebrovascular disease(50%vs 6.7%,P=0.024),spinal dura mater injury(50%vs 3.3%,P=0.010),hospital expenses(RMB 242119.1±87610.0 vs RMB 96290.7±32029.9,P=0.009),and discharge activity daily living score(40.00±25.88 vs 75.40±18.29,P=0.019).CONCLUSION The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage after spinal surgery was extremely low,with poor clinical outcomes.Patient age,previous stroke history,and dura mater damage were possible risk factors.It is suggested that spinal dura mater injury should be avoided during surgery in high-risk patients.

人类卵母细胞及植入前胚胎中母性效应基因Mater mRNA的表达

目的:了解母性效应基因Mater表达与人类卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育不同阶段的关系。方法:用巢式逆转录多聚酶链式反应(single cell nested RT-PCR)方法检测人类卵子和植入前各阶段胚胎的母性效应基因Mater mRNA的表达。结果:Mater在人类卵母细胞GV、MⅠ、MⅡ都有表达,植入前胚胎1、2、4、6细胞期表达量逐渐下降,到8细胞期、囊胚、孵出囊胚期均未检测到Mater mRNA表达。结论:人类卵母细胞和植入前胚胎Mater基因的表达量随发育时间的改变而变化,对卵子生长和胚胎发育有重要意义,与母性效应基因在小鼠等其他哺乳动物中的表达模式相似。

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure of Vacuum Melting Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings

The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45%C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase structure of section of coating and the microstructure near the interface between coating and matrix were investigated, and the effect of RE on microstructure of coating was also discussed. The results show that the microstructure of the NiCrBSi alloy coating is composed of Ni-based solid solution and a lot of massive, globular and needle secondary phases CrB, Ni_3B, Cr_7C_3, Cr_(23)C_6 among the solid solution. The metallurgical binding between steel matrix and coating is realized. RE makes needle phase of alloy coating vanish. New phases of NiB and Cr_(6.5)Ni_(2.5)Si are precipitated from alloy coating, and secondary phases of alloy coating are sphericized. Consequently, RE also hinders the diffusion of Ni, Cr and Si atoms from coating to matrix and Fe atoms from matrix to coating, holds back the dilution of Fe for NiCrBSi alloy coating, and assures the chemical composition of the alloy coating.

小鼠Mater基因选择性剪接变异体的鉴定和分析

位于小鼠第 7号常染色体的Mater (Maternalantigenthatembryosrequire)编码一个卵母细胞特异的自身抗原 ,与小鼠自免疫性卵巢退化疾病密切相关。在发现Mater基因存在选择性前切现象的基础上 ,通过RT PCR技术 ,在 3个近交品系小鼠 (CBA/J、SWR/J、B6 )中发现并初步验证了Mater基因mRNA的 4种选择性剪接变异体 ,分别命名为B、E、F、G型。其中B型与以前报道的一致 ,具有MatermRNA的全部外显子 ,E、F、G为新发现的剪接变异体 ,其选择性剪接位点都位于阅读框内。E变异体缺失了外显子 6 ,F变异体保留了部分内含子 8并且缺失了外显子 10 ,G变异体缺失了部分外显子 14 ,它们所有的内含子与外显子结合处的DNA序列都遵循“GT AG”剪接规则。B、E、F在B6、CBA/J和SWR/J小鼠品系中均存在 ,G仅存在于SWR/J。根据新发现的 3种剪接变异体的cDNA序列推导出对应的预期蛋白异形体的氨基酸序列 。

Induced dural lymphangiogenesis facilities soluble amyloid-beta clearance from brain in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Impaired amyloid-β clearance from the brain is a core pathological event in Alzheimer＇s disease.The therapeutic effect of current pharmacotherapies is unsatisfactory,and some treatments cause severe side effects.The meningeal lymphatic vessels might be a new route for amyloid-β clearance.This study investigated whether promoting dural lymphangiogenesis facilitated the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain.First,human lymphatic endothelial cells were treated with 100 ng/m L recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor-C（rh VEGF-C） protein.Light microscopy verified that rh VEGF-C,a specific ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3（VEGFR-3）,significantly promoted tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro.In an in vivo study,200 μg/m L rh VEGF-C was injected into the cisterna magna of APP/PS1 transgenic mice,once every 2 days,four times in total.Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated high levels of dural lymphangiogenesis in Alzheimer＇s disease mice.One week after rh VEGF-C administration,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that levels of soluble amyloid-β were decreased in cerebrospinal fluid and brain.The Morris water maze test demonstrated that spatial cognition was restored.These results indicate that the upregulation of dural lymphangiogenesis facilities amyloid-β clearance from the brain of APP/PS1 mice,suggesting the potential of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer＇s disease.

Neurogenic nitric oxide facilitates the central nociceptive transmission of migraine attacks

Recent studies have shown that nitric oxide （NO） can induce migraine attacks at three possible sites of action： nitroxidergic nerves, the vascular endothelium, and the central nervous system. Most previous studies have focused on the former two sites of action. Several experiments using exogenic NO donors have suggested that nitroglycerin may induce migraine via central mechanisms. However, few studies have investigated the source of the NO involved in the central mechanisms of migraine. The present study used a cat model of migraine to represent migraine attacks in humans. We performed immunochemical staining of successive frozen sections of the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord, and then used c-Fos protein expression to label nerve cell activation. We observed the effects of N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME）, a non-selective nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor, and 7-nitroindozole （7-NI）, a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, on c-Fos and nNOS expression, which were induced by electrical stimulation to the dura mater near the superior sagittal sinus. The results demonstrated that c-Fos or nNOS immunoreactive cells was concentrated in the superficial layers （laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ） of the spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve. L-NAME and 7-NI pre-treatment significantly decreased c-Fos and neurogenic NOS expression; and there was a significant linear correlation between c-Fos and NOS expression （r = 0.858 2, P 〈 0.01）. These findings suggest that neurogenic NO could facilitate migraine nociceptive transmission to second-order neurons of the trigeminal nerve. However, L-NAME and 7-NI may block the activation of neurons in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve by inhibiting NO synthesis, and thereby attenuate acute migraine attacks.

Evidence for novel age-dependent network structures as a putative primo vascular network in the dura mater of the rat brain

With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.

Intracranial localization of arachnoid granulations in rats

BACKGROUND： This paper describes histomorphologic studies on arachnoid granulations in rats, which have not been investigated in China to our knowledge. OBJECTIVE： To observe the distribution of intracranial arachnoid granulations in rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The observational experiment was performed in the Academy of Life Sciences of Shandong Taishan Medical College from May to August 2004. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy adult Wistar rats （3-4 months old） of SPF grade, equal numbers of each sex, were selected for this study. Methylene blue parenteral solution was provided by Jiangsu Jichuan Pharmaceutical Company （China）, and an optical microscope （Type： CH20; Olympus Co. Ltd., Japan） was used for observation of the histomorphology of the arachnoid granulations. METHOD： Injection of methylene blue parenteral solution into the cerebellomedullary cistern of rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE： The blue stained parts of the lateral sinus were sectioned, stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and then observed under the microscope. RESULTS： The cavitas subarachnoidealis had extensive blue staining after methylene blue injection, while the arachnoid and dura were without dye accumulation. The blue dye indicated the location of the arachnoid granulations. The location of these granulations was fixed, mainly in the lateral sinus at both sides of confluence within 4 mm of the internal jugular vein. CONCLUSION： The arachnoid granulations of the rat were located mainly in the lateral sinuses of the dura mater.

Effect of visual stimulus locations on pattern-reversal visual evoked potential An epidural electrocorticogram study

To explore the effect of the location of a visual stimulus on neural responses in the primary visual cortex （V1）, a micro-electromechanical system-based microelectrode array with nine channels was implanted on the cerebral dura mater of V1 in adult cats. 2 Hz pattern reversal checkerboard stimul were used to stimulate the four visual quadrants （i.e., upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right fields）. The results showed that there was a N75 component of the visual evoked potential around 50-80 ms after the onset of a checkerboard stimulus, and the onset of these N75 peaks varied with different stimulus locations. The checkerboard stimuli Jnduced shorter latencJes in the contralateral V1 than in the ipsilateral V1, while the checkerboard stimulus in the upper half visual field induced shorter latencies for N75. These results suggested that the pattern-reversal stimuli induced neural activities in V1 that can be recorded with multichannel microelectrodes, and more detailed temporal and spatial properties can be measured.

STUDY ON MUTAGENICITY OF PENICILLIUN CYCLOPIUM ISOLAYED FROM CEREAL OF THE HIGH INCIDENCE AREA OF THE ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

The 19 strains of Panicillium cyclopium were isolatedfrom the cereals of Linxian were cultured in Raulin-Thomliquid medium,25℃ incubated 14 daies still condition.The liquids and membrans of the cultures were extractedrespectively.the extracts were examinated in 4 mutationtasts as follows.

Adult rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the temporal muscle,invading the skull and meninges:A case report

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS)is a rare malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin that mainly affects children.Spindle cell/sclerosing RMS(SSRMS)is even rarer.It is a new subtype that was added to the World Health Organization disease classification in 2013.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first reported case of adult SSRMS disease classification originating in the temporal muscle.CASE SUMMARY SSRMS originating in the temporal muscle of a male adult enlarged rapidly,destroyed the skull,and invaded the meninges.The tumor was completely removed,and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was SSRMS.Postoperative recovery was good and chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given after the operation.Followed up for 3 mo,no tumor recurred.CONCLUSION RMS is one of the differential diagnoses for head soft tissue tumors with shortterm enlargement and skull infiltration.Preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is necessary for early detection of tumor invasion of the skull and brain tissue.

DETECTING THE MUTAGENICITY OF ACIDIUM MANDELICUM BY WAY OF AMES TEST

Acidium mandelicum(AM) was used as an urinaryantiseptics in the 1930’.Recently,through laboratoryexperiment and clinical use,we have found AM tohave spermicide effect and possess special contra-ceptive mechanism.Thus,it may be a reliable contra-ceptive.As any mutagenicity-positive material

The refining effect of Fe-Ti-N master alloy towards 409L stainless steel

The Fe-Ti-N mater alloy was prepared through the in-situ reaction of nitrogen gas with the Fe-Ti melt.Scanning electron microscope results show that the particles uniformly distributed in the iron matrix were TiN.The deliberately prepared Fe-Ti-N master alloy was employed for the 409L ferritic stainless steel in an attempt to refine the as-cast solidification structure.It was found that the effectiveness of Fe-Ti-N master alloy on refining of the as-cast 409L ferritic stainless steel was affected by addition level,holding time and melts temperature.It was found that the average equiaxed grain size decreased from 1 503μm to 303μm,the proportion of equiaxed grain zone increased from 14%to 100%with increasing the Fe-Ti-N master alloy addition level to 2.5%.The proportion of equiaxed grain decreased from 85%to 4%as the solidification temperature increased from 1 803 K to 1 883 K.When the holding time reached to 8min,the solidification structures of 409L ferritic stainless steel show extreme points in the proportion of equiaxed grain.It is clear that the grain refining efficiency gradually fade away with the increasing of the holding time at the very beginning.However,when the holding time continues to increase and exceeds the extreme point, the grain refining efficiency of the Fe-Ti-N master alloy recovered to a certain degree.The experimental results mentioned above have been analyzed in terms of thermodynamics.Under appropriate conditions,the Fe-Ti-N master alloy used for grain refinement of the solidification structure of 409L ferritic stainless steel may have good prospects for industrial applications.

华南师范大学大学李伟善Adv.Mater.:从前驱体形貌转化浅淡金属基多级多孔结构的合成及应用

1引言 多级多孔结构材料因其具有如下特点被广泛地应用于能源存储与转换领域：（1）可有效地避免纳米颗粒间的团聚,降低材料界面的界面张力;（2）相较于大颗粒团聚体可提供更多的反应活性位点,减少离子的迁移距离;（3）有利于电解液的浸润,提供更多的体积膨胀缓冲空间;（4）加强光散色。

Dura Mater: Anatomy and Clinical Implication

The dura mater is of similar embryological origin to the fascial organ. It contains several fibroblasts which make the dura mater a flexible structure. Dura mater is the outermost of the three layers of meninges, a thick and rigid inelastic membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord and that is impermeable to the cerebrospinal fluid. The cranial dura mater in certain respects differs anatomically from the dura material in the spinal cord, and it is important to classify them separately. This article reviews the anatomical structure of spinal and cranial dura mater and its anatomy with muscle, fascia, bone structure and ligaments. Dura mater is a structure in the body that is connected with systemic functions.

WLAN:蒸蒸日上的企业无线通信趋势

科技的发展总让人目不暇接,站在新世纪第四个年头回首,下列事实让人心襟荡漾:世界范围内的公共无线局域网(WLAN)热点数量三年增加近60倍,用户数量增加四倍.据IDC预测,到2004年全球的WLAN用户将达到2460万,比2002年增长近十倍;2002年销售的全部笔记本电脑中只有10%支持WLAN,目前是31%,预计到2005年,售出的笔记本电脑中将有80%具备无线支持能力.

Intradural Disc Herniation Can Be Intra-Arachnoid or Extra-Arachnoid: 2 Case Reports with MRI Diagnosis and Non-Surgical Management

Intradural disc herniation is rare and often diagnosed during surgery. We present two patients with the disease, one with an intra-arachnoid type, the other with an extra-arachnoid location. The teaching point of those cases is that this very frequent pathology can take a variety of forms, depending on the structures that are infiltrated. The key point in correctly diagnosing the intradural disc herniation is to look at the angle between the fragment and the dura. Is it pushing it (as in the usual disc herniation), embedded in it (those with the extra-arachnoid type) or does it go through to fall into the CSF (In the intra-arachnoid type)? It could be diagnosed on MRI preoperatively. Contrary to many published cases of intradural disc herniation, the two patients could be managed non-surgically.

Beijing University,a Blend of Chinese and Foreign Cultures

BEIJING Universityls one ofthe better-known Institutesof higher learning in China,an educational and research centerdealingwith a variety of subjects,Including science and technology,the humanities,sociology,adminis-tration and pedagogy.Founded 95years ago,it is alma mater to severalgenerations of fine scholars.The Birth of BeijingUniversityImperial College,the predecessor of Beliing University,founded inthe Reform Movement of 1898,wasa combination of Chinese and West-

Use of Acellular Fish Skin for Dura Repair in an Ovine Model: A Pilot Study

Recently the use of biologic materials as dura mater repair patches has been increasing. The purpose of this study is to assess the basis for efficacy and safety of using a novel fish derived acellular dermis (Kerecis Omega3 DuraTM). In an ovine model a craniotomy under general anaesthesia was performed. A defect was produced in the dural covering of approximately 1 × 2 cm and closed with an onlay technique, with Kerecis Omega3 Dura. The bone defect was covered with the bony flap and the overlying tissues closed in layers. At 2, 5, 8 and 11 weeks the sheep underwent MRI scanning followed by euthanasia, necropsy and histological assessment. MRI images taken at 2, 5, 8 and 11 weeks showed initially moderate inflammatory response, which diminished over time, and at 11 weeks no evidence of inflammation existed. There was evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage at no time point. Necropsy revealed some adhesions at 5 and 8 weeks, in particular at 5 weeks, but at 11 weeks there were no adhesions found. From 2 - 11 weeks, there was evidence of initially an inflammatory reaction followed by neodura formation at the defect site through cellular ingrowth and remodeling of the acellular fish skin. Histology showed a histiocytic foreign body reaction initially that subsided over time. As early as 8 weeks there was evidence of neodura formation and by 11 weeks there was a minimal inflammatory response with an intact neodura formed. In this pilot study the Kerecis Omega3 Dura patches performed in a safe and efficacious manner. This new material needs to be fully assessed and compared with other products that are currently on the market in a larger scale animal study.