Material Adaptation in ELT

Many teachers are currently very enthusiastic about adapting materials every time they use a textbook in order to maximize the value of the book for their particular learners. The purpose of this essay is to deepen the understanding of both the theoretical basis and the practical application on material adaptation. The essay will first attempt to explore some of the rationales for material adaptation. Then it will move on to reasons for adapting teaching materials and some adaptation techniques.

Material Adaptation for High School English at Dimensional Curriculum Level

This paper,based on the New Curriculum Standards,researched the content of the curriculum for the newly edited material for High school English and gave suggestion on material adaptation for both curriculum designers and classroom teachers.

2D CoOOH Sheet-Encapsulated Ni2P into Tubular Arrays Realizing 1000 mA cm^-2-Level-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution Over 100 h in Neutral Water

Water electrolysis at high current density(1000 mA cm-2 level)with excellent durability especially in neutral electrolyte is the pivotal issue for green hydrogen from experiment to industrialization.In addition to the high intrinsic activity determined by the electronic structure,electrocatalysts are also required to be capable of fast mass transfer(electrolyte recharge and bubble overflow)and high mechanical stability.Herein,the 2D CoOOH sheet-encapsulated Ni2P into tubular arrays electrocatalytic system was proposed and realized 1000 mA cm-2-levelcurrent-density hydrogen evolution over 100 h in neutral water.In designed catalysts,2D stack structure as an adaptive material can buffer the shock of electrolyte convection,hydrogen bubble rupture,and evolution through the release of stress,which insure the long cycle stability.Meanwhile,the rich porosity between stacked units contributed the good infiltration of electrolyte and slippage of hydrogen bubbles,guaranteeing electrolyte fast recharge and bubble evolution at the high-current catalysis.Beyond that,the electron structure modulation induced by interfacial charge transfer is also beneficial to enhance the intrinsic activity.Profoundly,the multiscale coordinated regulation will provide a guide to design high-efficiency industrial electrocatalysts.

Bioinspired Adaptive Gel Materials with Synergistic Heterostructures

In nature, many biological soft tissues with synergistic heterostructures, such as sea cucumbers, skeletal muscles and cartilages, exhibit high functionality to adapt to complex environments. In artificial soft materials, hydrogels are similar to biological soft tissues due to the unique integration of ＂soft and wet＂ properties and elastic characteristics. However, currently hydrogel materials lack their necessary adaptability, including narrow working temperature windows and uncontrollable mechanics, thus restrict their engineering application in complex environments. Inspired by abovementionedbiological soft tissues, researchers have increasingly developed heterostructural gel materials as functional soft materials with high adaptability to various mechanical and environmental conditions. This article summarizes our recent work on high-performance adaptive gel materials with synergistic heterostructures, including the critical design criteria and the state-of-the-art fabrication strategies of our gel materials. The functional adaptation properties of these heterostructural gel materials are also presented in details, including temperature, wettability, mechanical and shape adaption.

A Quantitative Description of Complex Adaptive System:The Self-Adaptive Mechanism of the Material Purchasing Management System Towards the Changing Environment

This paper demonstrates a new interpretation of the material purchasing management system(MPMS) from the perspective of complex adaptive systems(CAS).Within the framework of CAS,the authors design the self-adaptive mechanism of the MPMS responding to the changing environment,such as the change of the price,by using risk measurement theory,modern portfolio theory(MPT) and the information of the material's modifying priority.As a bottom-up systems view,CAS focuses on the individual level and studies system's overall complexity by analyzing the mutual competition and adaptation among the individuals.This paper demonstrates a quantitative description of CAS by discussing the MPMS which can be viewed as a kind of CAS,and makes numerical simulations of Daqing oilfield MPMS.Compared to the benchmarks,the authors set the simulations show that the self-adaptive mechanism adapts well to the change of the material's market price.Hence,this paper accomplishes a numerical simulation of CAS's quantitative self-adaptive mechanism responding to the environment's change.

受章鱼启发的柔性红外变色材料

在红外波段模拟章鱼皮肤变色功能的柔性材料在智能热管理、柔性显示和自适应伪装等领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文利用液态金属颗粒和柔性弹性体模拟头足纲变色动物皮肤中的色素细胞和真皮基质,开发了一种通过机械变形调控红外反射/辐射性能的“全柔性红外变色皮肤”.在等轴拉伸作用下,液态金属颗粒会伴随弹性体基体发生延展/收缩变形,从而改变其外形、尺寸和表面形貌,实现对材料红外反射率和发射率的动态调控,以达到动态伪装效果.实验证明,集成了液态金属颗粒/弹性体复合材料的柔性多步态机器人能够在运动过程中迅速改变体色,并且在高次数循环中展现出优异的机械稳定性.本研究为未来设计新型红外发射率动态可调材料与器件提供了材料和物理基础.