Review of advanced road materials, structures, equipment, and detection technologies

As a vital and integral component of transportation infrastructure,pavement has a direct and tangible impact on socio-economic sustainability.In recent years,an influx of groundbreaking and state-of-the-art materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies related to road engineering have continually and progressively emerged,reshaping the landscape of pavement systems.There is a pressing and growing need for a timely summarization of the current research status and a clear identification of future research directions in these advanced and evolving technologies.Therefore,Journal of Road Engineering has undertaken the significant initiative of introducing a comprehensive review paper with the overarching theme of“advanced road materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies”.This extensive and insightful review meticulously gathers and synthesizes research findings from 39 distinguished scholars,all of whom are affiliated with 19 renowned universities or research institutions specializing in the diverse and multidimensional field of highway engineering.It covers the current state and anticipates future development directions in the four major and interconnected domains of road engineering:advanced road materials,advanced road structures and performance evaluation,advanced road construction equipment and technology,and advanced road detection and assessment technologies.

Nanotechnology in Nuclear Reactors: Innovations in Fusion and Fission Power Generation

This article explores the transformative potential of nanotechnology and MMs(memory metals)in enhancing the design and operation of nuclear reactors,encompassing both fission and fusion technologies.Nanotechnology,with its ability to engineer materials at the atomic scale,offers significant improvements in reactor safety,efficiency,and longevity.In fission reactors,nanomaterials enhance fuel rod integrity,optimize thermal management,and improve in-core instrumentation.Fusion reactors benefit from nanostructured materials that bolster containment and heat dissipation,addressing critical challenges in sustaining fusion reactions.The integration of SMAs(shape memory alloys),or MMs,further amplifies these advancements.These materials,characterized by their ability to revert to a pre-defined shape under thermal conditions,provide self-healing capabilities,adaptive structural components,and enhanced magnetic confinement.The synergy between nanotechnology and MMs represents a paradigm shift in nuclear reactor technology,promising a future of cleaner,more efficient,and safer nuclear energy production.This innovative approach positions the nuclear industry to meet the growing global energy demand while addressing environmental and safety concerns.

The First Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing

The First Pacific Rim International Confer-ence on Advanced Materials and Processing(PRICM-1)organized by The Chinese Society ofMetals(CSM),and co-sponsored by the Japan In-stitute of Metals(JIM),the Korean Institute ofMetals(KIM)and The Mineral,Metals & Materi-als Society of the United States(TMS),was held inShangri-La Hotel,Hangzhou,China on June24-27,1992.It was the first large international conference

Preliminary Announcement for the 1st Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing(PRICM-1)

The Joint Conference Organizing Committee of The Chinese Society of Metals(CSM),The Japan Insti-tute of Metals(JIM),The Korean Institute of Metals(KIM)and The Minerals,Metals & Materials Society(TMS)announces The First Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing(PRICM-1)which will be held in Hangzhou,China,in the last week of June,1992 lasting about four days.It is agreed that the PRICM-1 will be organized by The Chinese Society of Metals.

South China University of fechnology Advanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center

A dvanced Metallic Materials Research and Processing Technology Center was found in December 1998. As a unit under The College of Mechanical Engineering, the Center is an expansion of the former Cast and Composite Materials Research Group, which was found in the early eighties of last century. The Center is focusing in the basic and applied research, and development of advanced metallic materials and their processing technology. It also functions as an organization

Special Issue on New Concepts and Advances in Photocatalytic Materials for Sustainable Energy

The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For this reason,there is a fast-growing scientific interest on this subject,which is part of the general effort for a solar-driven chemistry and energy,the chemistry of the future.To realize this

Chinese Advanced Materials Industry Grows Rapidly

Revealed from "2005 China Annual Market Conference of Advanced Materials", the advanced materials industry in China grows rapidly, with market scale RMB ￥18.01 billion, increasing 27.7% over last year. By now, total 79 production bases of advanced materials have been built in China and constellation effect of rare earth industry has emerged. Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai have been developed

Recent Advances in Drilling Tool Temperature:A State‑of‑the‑Art Review

Drilling is regarded as the most complex manufacturing process compared with other conventional machining processes.During the drilling process,most of the energy consumed in metal cutting is converted to heat and increases temperature considerably.The resulting thermal phenomena are important since they influence the mode of deformation,the final metallurgical state of the machined surface,and the rate of tool wear.Hence,understanding the temperature characteristics in the drilling process is crucial for enhancing the drill performance and process efficiency.Extensive efforts have been conducted to measure and control the drilling tool temperature successively.However,very few studies have been conducted from a comprehensive perspective to review all the efforts.To address this gap in the literature,a rigorous review concerning the state-of-the-art results and advances in drilling tool temperature is presented in this paper by referring to the wide comparisons among literature analyses.The multiple aspects of drilling tool temperature are precisely detailed and discussed in terms of theoretical analysis and thermal modeling,methods for temperature measuring,the effect of cutting parameters,tool geometries and hole-making methods on temperature and temperature controlling by different cooling methods.In conclusion,several possible future research directions are discussed to offer potential insights for the drilling community and future researchers.

In-Situ Composition and Luminescence of Europium and Terbium Coordination Polymers/PEMA Hybrid Thick Films

Europium and terbium coordination polymers of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid were in-situ composed with ethyt methacrylate （ EMA ）. With the polymerization of EMA monomer and the formation of europium and terbium coordination polymers of pyridiae- 3-carboxylic acid, the transparent hybrid thick fihns composed of [ Eu（ NIC ）3 ]n （ [ Tb（ NIC）3 ]n ） and poly ethyl mettuwrylate （ PEMA ） have been prepared. The luminescence properties and energy transfer of these polymeric composites were studied with absorption spectra, fluorescent excitation trod emission spectra in detail. All the hybrid thick films composed of terbium coordination polymer show the characteristic strong green emission of terbium ions, which implies the same energy transfer mechanism as the pure complex and the hybrid composite film is a suitable sabstrate for the luminescence of terbium ions. In the range of camposing concentration of luminescent species （0.01,0.025,0.05,0.1 mmol /15 mL EMA ）, emission intensities increase with the increasing of corresponding composing concentration and the concentration quenching effect does not take place.

Application of Nano Coating （SiO2） on Textile Products

Liquid SiO2 solutions produced by silicon-based nano- powder are covered on the fabric surface by using spray method. Fabric surfaces were coated at the room temperature in air with the different spray nozzles. Surface analysis of the coated fabric was performed by using Contact Angle and SEM pictures. According to the Contact Angles measurements, the coated fabric surfaces showed hydrophobic character between 126 and 146 degrees, and the SiO2 particles sticked to the fabric fibers as seen from SEM picture.

Risk of COVID-19 Spread and Mitigation Strategies in Public Transportation Sector

The world is trying to recover from once in the COVID-19 pandemic, which has a higher mortality rate than the common flu. However, the threat of different variants is still affecting us in a different capacity. Several preventive measures have been adopted across the nation and the globe to avoid the spread of this virus, such as lockdown, restricted travel, social distancing guidelines, obligatory face mask use, etc. These activities directly influenced the management of social life, economy, and livelihoods. The effect of COVID-19 on the public transit industry and strategies the transit agencies adapted to continue providing the service during the pandemic has been synthesized in this paper. As a result of the pandemic, public transit ridership decreased by about 70 percent for most agencies compared to pre-pandemic levels. This article also highlights the prevention of COVID-19 spread in the public transit industry using engineering solutions and advanced material science and nanotechnology solutions.

AI Inventions: The Best Mode Requirement, Is It up for Redefinition, Minimizing Potential Innovation Bias and Optimizing Visual Aids?

From the author, there are not less than a dozen of rather significant recent publications in scientific editions anticipating some aspects of importance to innovation such as “bigger data”, AI, IP, and frontier technology with a central massive contribution in 2020 on AI, IP, and EI. Nonetheless, the IP associated with AI remains still barely covered in scientific publications. Especially patent discussion tends to be rather a legal matter. Another trilogy, 2013, “Business Strategy-IP Strategy-R&D Strategy: An All-in-One Business Model” proposed by the author, marked the advent, and customized implementation of a new strategy level. After the two trilogies’ volumes, the AI-IP “accessibility” chapter was a logical step brought to the attention of a larger public by the author. The time now to bring to light another chapter, namely the IP eligibility of AI innovation steps in ad hoc inventions. The main objectives of this short, principally illustrated communication, are to: 1) Revise the best mode requirement status, i.e. the best way to enable the reproducibility of claimed matter, reviewing its need for improvement when AI is involved. And proposing a unique sequence of evolution inspired by IP’s current and evolving practices. 2) Give a new dimension to visual aids to help the Best Mode description, demystify AI complexity, and underline frontier traits that may hinder a confident adoption or well-argued rejection. 3) Further illustrations take into account the fact that IoT, AI, and 3D can be simpler than perceived. 4) Finally ATA©, Adjacent Technology Analysis, is timely refreshed in a unique challenging, indeed tumultuous, environment. 5) Bias, such as semantic ones is consistently monitored. 6) Overall leaving space for innovative pleasurable interpretation. The emphasis is on educational, illustrative and demonstrative value.

Tailored biomedical materials for wound healing

Wound healing is a long-term,multi-stage biological process that mainly includes haemostatic,inflammatory,proliferative and tissue remodelling phases.Controlling infection and inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration can contribute well to wound healing.Smart biomaterials offer significant advantages in wound healing because of their ability to control wound healing in time and space.Understanding how biomaterials are designed for different stages of wound healing will facilitate future personalized material tailoring for different wounds,making them beneficial for wound therapy.This review summarizes the design approaches of biomaterials in the field of anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial and tissue regeneration,highlights the advanced precise control achieved by biomaterials in different stages of wound healing and outlines the clinical and practical applications of biomaterials in wound healing.

Advanced porous materials and emerging technologies for radionuclides removal from Fukushima radioactive water

Japan recently announced the plan to discharge over 1.2 million tons of radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean,which contained hazardous radionuclides such as^(60)Co,^(90)Sr,^(125)Sb,^(129)I,^(3)H,^(137)Cs,and^(99)TcO^(4)^(-),etc.The contaminated water will pose an enormous threat to global ecosystems and human health.Developing materials and technologies for efficient radionuclide removal is highly desirable and arduous because of the extreme conditions,including super acidity or alkalinity,high ionic strength,and strong ionizing radiation.Recently,advanced porous material,such as porous POPs,MOFs,COFs,PAFs,etc.,has shown promise of improved separation of radionuclides due to their intrinsic structural advantages.Furthermore,emerging technologies applied to radionuclide removal have also been summarized.In order to better deal with radionuclide contamination,higher requirements for the design of nanomaterials and technologies applied to practical radionuclide removal are proposed.Finally,we call for comprehensive implementation of strategies and strengthened cooperation to mitigate the harm caused by radioactive contamination to oceans,atmosphere,soil,and human health.

Perspective of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries

Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-based flow batteries are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications,since they feature the advantages of high safety,high cell voltage and low cost.Currently,many alkaline zinc-based flow batteries have been proposed and developed,e.g.,the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery and alkaline zinc–nickel flow battery.Their development and application are closely related to advanced materials and battery configurations.In this perspective,we will first provide a brief introduction and discussion of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries.Then we focus on these batteries from the perspective of their current status,challenges and prospects.The bottlenecks for these batteries are briefly analyzed.Combined with the practical requirements and development trends of alkaline zinc-based flow battery technologies,their future development and research direction will be summarized.

Recent advances in functional utilisation of environmentally friendly and recyclable high-performance green biocomposites: A review

Humans have relied on biomass for survival and development since the Stone Age. All aspects of human needs for materials are covered by tools, fuel, and buildings. Nowadays, metals and petroleum-based materials are widely used in highly developed industries. Unfortunately, environmental contamination and the loss of natural resources have led to the reemergence of biomass resources as efficient and sustainable energy sources. Notably, simple and direct applications can no longer meet the demand for functionalization, high performance of materials and construction materials. Therefore, it is imperative to modify biomass and combine its utilisation to produce functionalization and high performance materials. For example, construction materials with superior mechanical properties and water resistance can be produced by reinforcing fibres to facilitate crosslinking. Water-oil separation or adsorption effects of hydrogels and aerogels are determined by the porosity and lightness of biomass, biocomposite conductor is prepared by chimaeric conductive material. Here, we review the approaches that have been taken to devise an environmentally friendly yet fully recyclable and sustainable functionalised biocomposites from biomass and its potential directions for future research.

Structural design of aeroengine radiators:State of the art and perspectives

Structural modularization,lightweight and functional integration are the urgent devel-opment directions for next generation high-performance aeroengines.Heat concentration during aeroengine operation would lead to local high temperature,which tremendously negative impacts on aeroengine structural life and performance.Therefore,the design and optimization of radiator structures are significant for the efficiency and reliability of aeroengine.The structural geometry design and layout optimization of radiators is promising to improve the heat dissipation efficiency and reduce aerodynamic loss.The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of the art and perspectives of aeroengine radiator structural design by a comprehensive literature review.The main contents involve the review on the structural design and layout optimization technologies of radiator structures,the analyses of the structural features,design theory and methods of existed radiator structures,the induction of the theory and method of different radiators structural opti-mization design,and the discussion on the application perspectives of advanced structures in aeroengine radiators,the report on the current challenges and development directions of the design of radiator structures,including smart materials,lattice structures,variable structures,advanced optimization theories and methods,heat dissipation methods and so forth.The efforts of this study are promising to support the high-performance and lightweight design of aeroengine structures besides radiators,and thermal management system.

Liquid metal material genome： Initiation of a new research track towards discovery of advanced energy materials

As the basis of modern industry, the roles materials play are becoming increasingly vital in this day and age. With many superior physical properties over conventional fluids, the low melting point liquid metal material, especially room-temperature liquid metal, is recently found to be uniquely useful in a wide variety of emerging areas from energy, electronics to medical sciences. However, with the coming enormous utilization of such materials, serious issues also arise which urgently need to be addressed. A biggest concern to impede the large scale application of room-temperature liquid metal technologies is that there is currently a strong shortage of the materials and species available to meet the tough requirements such as cost, melting point, electrical and thermal conductivity, etc. Inspired by the Material Genome Initiative as issued in 2011 by the United States of America, a more specific and focused project initiative was proposed in this paper--the liquid metal material genome aimed to discover advanced new functional alloys with low melting point so as to fulfill various increasing needs. The basic schemes and road map for this new research program, which is expected to have a worldwide significance, were outlined. The theoretical strategies and experimental methods in the research and development of liquid metal material genome were introduced. Particularly, the calculation of phase diagram （CALPHAD） approach as a highly effective way for material design was discussed. Further, the first-principles （FP） calculation was suggested to combine with the statistical thermo- dynamics to calculate the thermodynamic functions so as to enrich the CALPHAD database of liquid metals. When the experimental data are too scarce to perform a regular treatment, the combination of FP calculation, cluster variation method （CVM） or molecular dynamics （MD）, and CALPHAD, referred to as the mixed FP-CVM- CALPHAD method can be a promising way to solve the problem. Except for the theoretical strategies, several parallel processing experimental methods were also analyzed, which can help improve the efficiency of finding new liquid metal materials and reducing the cost. The liquid metal material genome proposal as initiated in this paper will accelerate the process of finding and utilization of new functional materials.

A living foundry for Synthetic Biological Materials:A synthetic biology roadmap to new advanced materials

Society is on the cusp of harnessing recent advances in synthetic biology to discover new bio-based products and routes to their affordable and sustainable manufacture.This is no more evident than in the discovery and manufacture of Synthetic Biological Materials,where synthetic biology has the capacity to usher in a new Materials from Biology era that will revolutionise the discovery and manufacture of innovative synthetic biological materials.These will encompass novel,smart,functionalised and hybrid materials for diverse applications whose discovery and routes to bio-production will be stimulated by the fusion of new technologies positioned across physical,digital and biological spheres.This article,which developed from an international workshop held in Manchester,United Kingdom,in 2017[1],sets out to identify opportunities in the new materials from biology era.It considers requirements,early understanding and foresight of the challenges faced in delivering a Discovery to Manufacturing Pipeline for synthetic biological materials using synthetic biology approaches.This challenge spans the complete production cycle from intelligent and predictive design,fabrication,evaluation and production of synthetic biological materials to new ways of bringing these products to market.Pathway opportunities are identified that will help foster expertise sharing and infrastructure development to accelerate the delivery of a new generation of synthetic biological materials and the leveraging of existing investments in synthetic biology and advanced materials research to achieve this goal.