Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were carried out for examining the precipitation behavior in a Cu-Sn-Ni-Zn-P lead frame material. TEM observations revealed that the precipitate is hexagonal Ni5P2 a...Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were carried out for examining the precipitation behavior in a Cu-Sn-Ni-Zn-P lead frame material. TEM observations revealed that the precipitate is hexagonal Ni5P2 and the orientation relationship between the Cu matrix and Ni$Pi precipitate is (111)fcc//(0001)hcp, [101]fcc//[1120]hcp, where the suffix fcc denotes the Cu matrix and hep denotes the hexagonal Ni5P2 precipitate. The Ni5P2 precipitate is ovoidal in shape at the beginning of aging at lower temperature. By prolonging the aging time or increasing the aging temperature, Ni5P2 precipitate grows and shows a rod-like shape. The Ni added Cu based lead frame material has a comparative mechanical properties with that of TAMAC15 which has been developed and used in electrical industry.展开更多
Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia off...Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.展开更多
This study presents a structural analysis algorithm called the finite particle method (FPM) for kinematically indeterminate bar assemblies. Different from the traditional analysis method, FPM is based on the combina...This study presents a structural analysis algorithm called the finite particle method (FPM) for kinematically indeterminate bar assemblies. Different from the traditional analysis method, FPM is based on the combination of the vector mechanics and numerical calculations. It models the analyzed domain composed of finite particles. Newton's second law is adopted to describe the motions of all particles. A convected material flame and explicit time integration for the solution procedure is also adopted in this method. By using the FPM, there is no need to solve any nonlinear equations, to calculate the stiffness matrix or equilibrium matrix, which is very helpful in the analysis of kinematically indeterminate structures. The basic formulations for the space bar are derived, following its solution procedures for bar assemblies. Three numerical examples are analyzed using the FPM. Results obtained from both the straight pretension cable and the suspension cable assembly show that the FPM can produce a more accurate analysis result. The motion simulation of the four-bar space assembly demonstrates the capability of this method in the analysis ofkinematically indeterminate structures.展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.59971008).
文摘Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were carried out for examining the precipitation behavior in a Cu-Sn-Ni-Zn-P lead frame material. TEM observations revealed that the precipitate is hexagonal Ni5P2 and the orientation relationship between the Cu matrix and Ni$Pi precipitate is (111)fcc//(0001)hcp, [101]fcc//[1120]hcp, where the suffix fcc denotes the Cu matrix and hep denotes the hexagonal Ni5P2 precipitate. The Ni5P2 precipitate is ovoidal in shape at the beginning of aging at lower temperature. By prolonging the aging time or increasing the aging temperature, Ni5P2 precipitate grows and shows a rod-like shape. The Ni added Cu based lead frame material has a comparative mechanical properties with that of TAMAC15 which has been developed and used in electrical industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1906601)China the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(C12021A04111)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-040).
文摘Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50638050)the National High-Tech R&D (863) Program (No. 2007AA04Z441), China
文摘This study presents a structural analysis algorithm called the finite particle method (FPM) for kinematically indeterminate bar assemblies. Different from the traditional analysis method, FPM is based on the combination of the vector mechanics and numerical calculations. It models the analyzed domain composed of finite particles. Newton's second law is adopted to describe the motions of all particles. A convected material flame and explicit time integration for the solution procedure is also adopted in this method. By using the FPM, there is no need to solve any nonlinear equations, to calculate the stiffness matrix or equilibrium matrix, which is very helpful in the analysis of kinematically indeterminate structures. The basic formulations for the space bar are derived, following its solution procedures for bar assemblies. Three numerical examples are analyzed using the FPM. Results obtained from both the straight pretension cable and the suspension cable assembly show that the FPM can produce a more accurate analysis result. The motion simulation of the four-bar space assembly demonstrates the capability of this method in the analysis ofkinematically indeterminate structures.