YB/T 4194-2009 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the term and definition,classification,technical requirements,test methods,quality appraisal procedures,packing,marking,transportation,storage,
Considering some simple topological properties of vorticity vector, the frozen-in property of vorticity herein is revis- ited. A vortex line, as is analogous to velocity vector along a streamline, is defined as such a...Considering some simple topological properties of vorticity vector, the frozen-in property of vorticity herein is revis- ited. A vortex line, as is analogous to velocity vector along a streamline, is defined as such a coincident material （curve） line that connects many material fluid elements, on which the local vorticity vector for each fluid element is also tangent to the vortex line. The vortex line evolves in the same manner as the material line that it is initially associated with. The vortex line and the material line are both oriented to the same directions, and evolve with the proportional magnitude, just like being ＇frozen＇ or ＇glued＇ to the material elements of the fluid under the barotropic assumption. To relax the limits of incompressible and barotropic atmosphere, the frozen-in property is further derived and proved in the baroclinic case. Then two effective usages are given as examples. One is the derivation of potential vorticity conservation from the frozen-in property in both barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres, as a theory application, and the other is used to illuminate the vorticity generation and growth in ideal cases and real severe weather process, e.g., in squall line, tornado, and other se- vere convection weather with vortex. There is no necessity to derive vorticity equation, and this method is very intuitive to explain vorticity development qualitatively, especially for fast analysis for forecasters. Certainly, by investigating the evolution of vortex line, it is possible to locate the associated line element vector and its development on the basis of the frozen-in property of vorticity. Because it is simple and visualized, it manifests broad application prospects.展开更多
This work aimed to quantify the physical and mechanical behavior of three-dimensional microstructures in rocks under uniaxial compression.A high-precision in situ XCT(X-ray transmission computed tomography)technology ...This work aimed to quantify the physical and mechanical behavior of three-dimensional microstructures in rocks under uniaxial compression.A high-precision in situ XCT(X-ray transmission computed tomography)technology was applied to investigating the behavior of mineral grains in sandstone:the movement,the rotation deformation,and the principal strains between fault zone and non-fault zone.The results indicate that after unloading,the shear strain of mineral grains is periodic in the radial direction,the strain of mineral grains in the fracture zone is about 30 times of the macro strain of the specimen,which is about 5 times in the non-fracture zone,and the shear strain near the fault zone is larger than the compressive strain,and there is the shear stress concentration feature.展开更多
Based on the conservation of entropy and potential vorticity in adiabatic atmospheric motion without the consideration of friction,calculation is made of the trajectory of a particle on an isentropic surface by use of...Based on the conservation of entropy and potential vorticity in adiabatic atmospheric motion without the consideration of friction,calculation is made of the trajectory of a particle on an isentropic surface by use of the data of FGGE III-b.Results of several calculation schemes of the trajectory discussed show that the local data interpolation and Runge-Kutta time-integral scheme is the best.The calculated trajectory reflects the large-scale atmospheric motion only and the small-scale motion emerges as a deviation term of the calculated trajectory.And then the outbreak and propagation of planetary wave are studied by means of the deformation of a material line,with the result showing that the material line can be tracked in the trop- osphere only in a few days,beyond which the interaction between the small-scale waves and large-scale motion leads to its dramatical twisting and deformation.Therefore,the Lagrangian method is assumed to be an effective means of diagnostic research in the nonlinear intcraction in atmospheric circulation,in addition to the general study of the atmospheric circulation.展开更多
文摘YB/T 4194-2009 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the term and definition,classification,technical requirements,test methods,quality appraisal procedures,packing,marking,transportation,storage,
基金supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of the Meteorological Public Welfare of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology,China(Grant No.GYHY201406003)the Open Research Fund Program of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.PAEKL-2015-K3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41375054,41575064,91437215,41405055 and 41375052)
文摘Considering some simple topological properties of vorticity vector, the frozen-in property of vorticity herein is revis- ited. A vortex line, as is analogous to velocity vector along a streamline, is defined as such a coincident material （curve） line that connects many material fluid elements, on which the local vorticity vector for each fluid element is also tangent to the vortex line. The vortex line evolves in the same manner as the material line that it is initially associated with. The vortex line and the material line are both oriented to the same directions, and evolve with the proportional magnitude, just like being ＇frozen＇ or ＇glued＇ to the material elements of the fluid under the barotropic assumption. To relax the limits of incompressible and barotropic atmosphere, the frozen-in property is further derived and proved in the baroclinic case. Then two effective usages are given as examples. One is the derivation of potential vorticity conservation from the frozen-in property in both barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres, as a theory application, and the other is used to illuminate the vorticity generation and growth in ideal cases and real severe weather process, e.g., in squall line, tornado, and other se- vere convection weather with vortex. There is no necessity to derive vorticity equation, and this method is very intuitive to explain vorticity development qualitatively, especially for fast analysis for forecasters. Certainly, by investigating the evolution of vortex line, it is possible to locate the associated line element vector and its development on the basis of the frozen-in property of vorticity. Because it is simple and visualized, it manifests broad application prospects.
基金financially supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0602901)。
文摘This work aimed to quantify the physical and mechanical behavior of three-dimensional microstructures in rocks under uniaxial compression.A high-precision in situ XCT(X-ray transmission computed tomography)technology was applied to investigating the behavior of mineral grains in sandstone:the movement,the rotation deformation,and the principal strains between fault zone and non-fault zone.The results indicate that after unloading,the shear strain of mineral grains is periodic in the radial direction,the strain of mineral grains in the fracture zone is about 30 times of the macro strain of the specimen,which is about 5 times in the non-fracture zone,and the shear strain near the fault zone is larger than the compressive strain,and there is the shear stress concentration feature.
文摘Based on the conservation of entropy and potential vorticity in adiabatic atmospheric motion without the consideration of friction,calculation is made of the trajectory of a particle on an isentropic surface by use of the data of FGGE III-b.Results of several calculation schemes of the trajectory discussed show that the local data interpolation and Runge-Kutta time-integral scheme is the best.The calculated trajectory reflects the large-scale atmospheric motion only and the small-scale motion emerges as a deviation term of the calculated trajectory.And then the outbreak and propagation of planetary wave are studied by means of the deformation of a material line,with the result showing that the material line can be tracked in the trop- osphere only in a few days,beyond which the interaction between the small-scale waves and large-scale motion leads to its dramatical twisting and deformation.Therefore,the Lagrangian method is assumed to be an effective means of diagnostic research in the nonlinear intcraction in atmospheric circulation,in addition to the general study of the atmospheric circulation.
