In the mid 1940s, Robert Wilson （1） hypothesized that a highly localized deposition of energy from a proton beam could be used to increase the radiation dose to tumors while minimizing radiation to adjacent normal t...In the mid 1940s, Robert Wilson （1） hypothesized that a highly localized deposition of energy from a proton beam could be used to increase the radiation dose to tumors while minimizing radiation to adjacent normal tissues. The depth- dose distribution of a proton beam differs significantly from that of a photon beam. Protons show increasing energy deposition with penetration distance, reaching a maximum- named the Bragg peak-near the end of the range of the proton beam. In front of the Bragg peak, the dose level is modest compared to photon beams; beyond the Bragg peak, the dose decreases to nearly zero. By choosing the appropriate proton beam energy, the depth of the Bragg peak can be adjusted to match the depth and extent of the target volume. Therefore, excellent conformality can be achieved, in contrast to conventional or intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）.展开更多
The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1...The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.5% paraformaldehyde and 0.1 mol/dm~3 phosphate for at least 24 h. After fixation in phosphate buffered 1% OOat 4 ℃ for 1 h, the tissues were展开更多
Neuroscience Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field ofneuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome.
Neuroscience Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field of neuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome.
Neuroscienee Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field of neuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome. Manuscript submission Submis...Neuroscienee Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field of neuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome. Manuscript submission Submission should be made using our online submission system, ScholarOne Manuscripts： http：//mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/nsb or http：//www.neurosci.cn. Note： You need to CREATE your own account （USER ID and PASSWORD） the first time you use this system. Then LOG ON to the server using your USER ID and PASSWORD, and submit your manuscript online according to the instructions provided. The manuscript should be. uploaded in Word document format. If you forget your USER ID or PASSWORD, please use the PASSWORD HELP function. Enter your e-mail address to receive an e-mail with your account information. If you cannot access the online system, please e-mail your manuscript to the Editorial Office （nsb@sibs.ac.cn） and we will upload the file as your proxy. The manuscript should be arranged as follows： Title page, Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements and References. Illustrations should not be incorporated into the text. Figures should be in TIF or JPEG format, at 400~00 dpi. A signed ＂Neuroscience Bulletin Copyright Transfer Statement and Submission Form＂ must accompany the manuscript, stating that all work is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The corresponding author who is responsible for the originality, legality and validity of the work must sign the form.Revision The authors may be asked to revise the manuscript. All revisions in the manuscript must be marked. Revision should be completed within 6 weeks. Accepted papers are published in the order of acceptance. Proofs Authors will receive a PDF proof for error correction only. Authors should send the manuscript, illustrations and original set of proofs to the Editorial Office as soon as possible for rapid publication. Page charges Page charges for the printed form are as follows： RMB 400 for each word page, RMB 500 for each page of blackand-white figures, RMB 1500 for the first page of color figures, RMB 1000 for the second, and RMB 800 for the third. Payment should be mailed to the Editorial Office. The corresponding author will be notified of the page charges by an invoice when the manuscript is sent for proofreading. Please download the PDF file ＂Neuroscience Bulletin Copyright Transfer Statement and Submission Form＂ from http：//www.neurosci.cn.展开更多
文摘In the mid 1940s, Robert Wilson （1） hypothesized that a highly localized deposition of energy from a proton beam could be used to increase the radiation dose to tumors while minimizing radiation to adjacent normal tissues. The depth- dose distribution of a proton beam differs significantly from that of a photon beam. Protons show increasing energy deposition with penetration distance, reaching a maximum- named the Bragg peak-near the end of the range of the proton beam. In front of the Bragg peak, the dose level is modest compared to photon beams; beyond the Bragg peak, the dose decreases to nearly zero. By choosing the appropriate proton beam energy, the depth of the Bragg peak can be adjusted to match the depth and extent of the target volume. Therefore, excellent conformality can be achieved, in contrast to conventional or intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）.
文摘The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.5% paraformaldehyde and 0.1 mol/dm~3 phosphate for at least 24 h. After fixation in phosphate buffered 1% OOat 4 ℃ for 1 h, the tissues were
文摘Neuroscience Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field ofneuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome.
文摘Neuroscience Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field of neuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome.
文摘Neuroscienee Bulletin is devoted to the publication of original research in any field of neuroscience. Communications, experimental methods, reviews and progress reports are also welcome. Manuscript submission Submission should be made using our online submission system, ScholarOne Manuscripts： http：//mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/nsb or http：//www.neurosci.cn. Note： You need to CREATE your own account （USER ID and PASSWORD） the first time you use this system. Then LOG ON to the server using your USER ID and PASSWORD, and submit your manuscript online according to the instructions provided. The manuscript should be. uploaded in Word document format. If you forget your USER ID or PASSWORD, please use the PASSWORD HELP function. Enter your e-mail address to receive an e-mail with your account information. If you cannot access the online system, please e-mail your manuscript to the Editorial Office （nsb@sibs.ac.cn） and we will upload the file as your proxy. The manuscript should be arranged as follows： Title page, Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements and References. Illustrations should not be incorporated into the text. Figures should be in TIF or JPEG format, at 400~00 dpi. A signed ＂Neuroscience Bulletin Copyright Transfer Statement and Submission Form＂ must accompany the manuscript, stating that all work is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The corresponding author who is responsible for the originality, legality and validity of the work must sign the form.Revision The authors may be asked to revise the manuscript. All revisions in the manuscript must be marked. Revision should be completed within 6 weeks. Accepted papers are published in the order of acceptance. Proofs Authors will receive a PDF proof for error correction only. Authors should send the manuscript, illustrations and original set of proofs to the Editorial Office as soon as possible for rapid publication. Page charges Page charges for the printed form are as follows： RMB 400 for each word page, RMB 500 for each page of blackand-white figures, RMB 1500 for the first page of color figures, RMB 1000 for the second, and RMB 800 for the third. Payment should be mailed to the Editorial Office. The corresponding author will be notified of the page charges by an invoice when the manuscript is sent for proofreading. Please download the PDF file ＂Neuroscience Bulletin Copyright Transfer Statement and Submission Form＂ from http：//www.neurosci.cn.
