Math word problem uses a real word story to present basic arithmetic operations using textual narration. It is used to develop student’s comprehension skill in conjunction with the ability to generate a solution that...Math word problem uses a real word story to present basic arithmetic operations using textual narration. It is used to develop student’s comprehension skill in conjunction with the ability to generate a solution that agrees with the story given in the problem. To master math word problem solving, students need to be given fresh and enormous amount of problems, which normal textbooks as well as teachers fail to provide most of the time. To fill the gap, a few research works have been proposed on techniques to automatically generate math word problems and equations mainly for English speaking community. Amharic is a Semitic language spoken by more than hundred million Ethiopians and is a language of instruction in elementary schools in Ethiopia. And yet it belongs to one of a less resourced language in the field of linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). Hence, in this paper, a strategy for automatic generation of Amharic Math Word (AMW) problem and equation is proposed, which is a first attempt to introduce the use template based shallow NLP approach to generate math word problem for Amharic language as a step towards enabling comprehension and learning problem solving in mathematics for primary school students. The proposed novel technique accepts a sample AMW problem as user input to form a template. A template provides AMW problem with placeholders, type of problem and equation template. It is used as a pattern to generate semantically equivalent AMW problems with their equations. To validate the reality of the proposed approach, a prototype was developed and used as a testing platform. Experimental results have shown 93.84% overall efficiency on the core task of forming templates from a given corpus containing AMW problems collected from elementary school mathematics textbooks and other school worksheets. Human judges have also found generated AMW problem and equation as solvable as the textbook problems.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
尽管使用思维链(chain of thought,CoT)的大模型(large language model,LLM)在单未知数的数学问题求解(math word problem,MWP)任务上取得了显著成果。但是,目前的研究缺乏适用于方程数学问题的方法。由于数学问题求解对推理步骤具有很...尽管使用思维链(chain of thought,CoT)的大模型(large language model,LLM)在单未知数的数学问题求解(math word problem,MWP)任务上取得了显著成果。但是,目前的研究缺乏适用于方程数学问题的方法。由于数学问题求解对推理步骤具有很高的敏感性,列方程出错会导致后续步骤连环出错,所以提出一种渐近式验证纠正的方法2ERP,一边验证一边纠正步骤错误,输出最有可能的正确答案。在验证环节使用等式和答案的双重验证,回代答案到等式确保计算的正确,从数学表达式获取数值关系来验证等式的正确性。在纠正流程中,根据回代的结果和双重验证的一致性排除错误的推理路径,逼近正确结果。与其他CoT方法相比,2ERP方法在6个数据集上均取得了性能上的提升,平均准确率达到了66.2%,尤其是方程问题的数据集上,平均提高了6.9百分点。2ERP方法是一种设计提示的零样本方法,通过多次迭代提高数学问题的准确率,并输出具有详细步骤的求解过程,该方法在方程问题上的提升更加明显。展开更多
文摘Math word problem uses a real word story to present basic arithmetic operations using textual narration. It is used to develop student’s comprehension skill in conjunction with the ability to generate a solution that agrees with the story given in the problem. To master math word problem solving, students need to be given fresh and enormous amount of problems, which normal textbooks as well as teachers fail to provide most of the time. To fill the gap, a few research works have been proposed on techniques to automatically generate math word problems and equations mainly for English speaking community. Amharic is a Semitic language spoken by more than hundred million Ethiopians and is a language of instruction in elementary schools in Ethiopia. And yet it belongs to one of a less resourced language in the field of linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). Hence, in this paper, a strategy for automatic generation of Amharic Math Word (AMW) problem and equation is proposed, which is a first attempt to introduce the use template based shallow NLP approach to generate math word problem for Amharic language as a step towards enabling comprehension and learning problem solving in mathematics for primary school students. The proposed novel technique accepts a sample AMW problem as user input to form a template. A template provides AMW problem with placeholders, type of problem and equation template. It is used as a pattern to generate semantically equivalent AMW problems with their equations. To validate the reality of the proposed approach, a prototype was developed and used as a testing platform. Experimental results have shown 93.84% overall efficiency on the core task of forming templates from a given corpus containing AMW problems collected from elementary school mathematics textbooks and other school worksheets. Human judges have also found generated AMW problem and equation as solvable as the textbook problems.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘尽管使用思维链(chain of thought,CoT)的大模型(large language model,LLM)在单未知数的数学问题求解(math word problem,MWP)任务上取得了显著成果。但是,目前的研究缺乏适用于方程数学问题的方法。由于数学问题求解对推理步骤具有很高的敏感性,列方程出错会导致后续步骤连环出错,所以提出一种渐近式验证纠正的方法2ERP,一边验证一边纠正步骤错误,输出最有可能的正确答案。在验证环节使用等式和答案的双重验证,回代答案到等式确保计算的正确,从数学表达式获取数值关系来验证等式的正确性。在纠正流程中,根据回代的结果和双重验证的一致性排除错误的推理路径,逼近正确结果。与其他CoT方法相比,2ERP方法在6个数据集上均取得了性能上的提升,平均准确率达到了66.2%,尤其是方程问题的数据集上,平均提高了6.9百分点。2ERP方法是一种设计提示的零样本方法,通过多次迭代提高数学问题的准确率,并输出具有详细步骤的求解过程,该方法在方程问题上的提升更加明显。
