Research Progress on Self-Efficacy Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Impact of Simulation Education on Self-Efficacy in Pre-Registration Nursing Students

This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-efficacy of undergraduate pre-registration nursing students. The second aim of this study is to explore additional outcome variables that were examined in the previous studies. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. These databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO. The PICO model was employed to identify the search terms, with a thesaurus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of relevant articles were examined and hand searches of journals were also undertaken. The quality of each study was assessed using the Simulation Research Rubric (SRR). A total of 11 studies were included. All studies explored the impact of simulation education on undergraduate pre-registration nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence and performance and two papers examined their critical thinking. Problem solving, learning motivation, communication skills and knowledge acquisition were examined once. The majority of studies indicated that simulation training has a positive impact on pre-registration nursing students’ self-efficacy and other outcome variables. Furthermore, the study results indicate that simulation training is more dependable than traditional training, and students were extremely satisfied with the simulation training. However, most of the studies included in this review had several gaps, including study design, sample size and dissimilarities between the scales used. Further research with large samples, reliable and valid instruments, and outcomes measures (such as critical thinking and transferability of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simulation in undergraduate nursing education. .

Self-Efficacy Among Nursing Students Using Flipped and Traditional Teaching Modalities

Objective:To measure the self-efficacy of nursing students taught using both flipped and traditional classroom modalities.Method:A quantitative research design was employed.The control group was taught using the traditional classroom model,while the experimental group utilized the flipped classroom model.The study population consisted of undergraduate nursing majors at Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Two out of twelve classes were selected through random sampling.Results:The study presents an analysis of the t-test results using SPSS,which shows a significant difference when the calculated P-value falls between 0.00 and 0.05.The P-value obtained was 0.00,indicating a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The teaching model,whether flipped or traditional,has an impact on nursing students’self-efficacy.Students in the flipped classroom exhibited higher self-efficacy in mastering the curriculum.

Examining the Interplay between Trait Mindfulness and Thriving at Work among Teachers in Western China:The Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy

This study explores the nuanced relationship between trait mindfulness and thriving at work among educators in Western China,emphasizing the mediating role of general self-efficacy.Employing a sample of 378 primary and secondary school teachers,this research utilizes the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ),Thriving at Work Scale(TWS),and the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)to conduct a thorough investigation.The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between trait mindfulness and thriving at work,between trait mindfulness and general self-efficacy,and between general self-efficacy and thriving at work.Additionally,trait mindfulness was found to have a positive predictive effect on both thriving at work and general self-efficacy,with general self-efficacy also showing a positive predictive effect on thriving at work.Importantly,general self-efficacy was identified as playing a partial mediating role in the relationship between trait mindfulness and thriving at work.These results underscore the importance of cultivating mindfulness and self-efficacy among teachers to enhance their enthusiasm for work,suggesting potential pathways for professional development and well-being in the educational sector.

An Investigation on the Influence of Middle School Students'Grammar Learning Self-efficacy on Their Learning Performance

In middleschool English teaching,grammar instruction has always been an important and challenging aspect.Due to the strong influence of grammar explanation in Chinese,learning English grammar may be affected by negative transfer from their native language,which could pose certain obstacles to English acquisition.Self-efficacy,as a major emotional factor influencing learners'internal regulation strategies,has attracted wide attention from researchers both domestically and internationally for its impact on learning performance.High self-efficacy helps learners develop a more positive mindset towards learning,thereby contributing to improved learning performance.Therefore,this study focuses on investigating the relationship between grammatical self-efficacy and learning performance of English grammar among middle school students.This research contributes to a complementary understanding of grammatical self-efficacy among educators,enhancing their teaching skills,and effectively guiding students to learn English grammar with a more positive and healthy mindset,presenting a future grammar instruction in middle school English teaching.

Translation and psychometric validation of the Korean version of the academic nurse self-efficacy scale for Korean bachelor-level nursing students

Objective:This study aimed to translate the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy scale(ANSE),assess its appropriateness for use in Korean nursing students,and evaluate the Korean Version of the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy scale’s(K-ANSE)validity and reliability.Methods:The data of 444 nursing college students at 10 universities across the country were collected from November 1,2020 to June 8,2021.The K-ANSE was analyzed utilizing SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 programs.The K-ANSE’s content validity,construct validity,convergent/discriminant validity,criterion-related validity,and reliability were evaluated.Results:Internal emotion management,auto-regulatory behavior,external emotion management,and sociality were established.The Cronbach’sαfor the overall scale was 0.87,and that of the 4 subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.89.Conclusions:The Korean version of the ANSE seems to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure Korean bachelor-level nursing students.

Effectiveness of simulation-based learning regarding management of post-COVID complications in terms of knowledge,clinical decision-making ability,and self-efficacy among nursing students:A quasi-experimental study

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of simulation-based learning regarding the management of post-COVID complications in terms of knowledge,clinical decision-making ability,and self-efficacy among nursing students.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study conducted among 1152nd-year nursing students.The participants were selected by a simple random sampling technique.The participants were divided into an experimental(n=56)and a comparison group(n=59)by a random table method.Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20.Results:There were significant differences in mean post-test knowledge scores(P=0.03)and mean post-test self-efficacy scores(P=0.001)between the experimental and the comparison groups while the difference in mean post-test clinical decision-making ability scores between the two groups was non-significant(P=0.07).A positive correlation was found between knowledge and clinical decision-making ability in pre-test(P=0.03)and in post-test(P<0.001)and a non-significant correlation was found between pre-test knowledge and self-efficacy score(P=0.52)among the experimental group.Conclusions:Simulation-based learning regarding the management of post-COVID complications is effective among nursing students.Simulation labs should be established in health care settings where simulation training can be provided for updating the knowledge,clinical decision-making ability,and self-efficacy of nursing personnel during program installment and continuous nursing education.

Maternal perceived self-efficacy, perceived vulnerability and child health outcome in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria

Objective:The problems associated with child health continue to constitute a global concern,and child morbidity and mortality remain problematic in Sub-Sahara Africa(SSA).Utilizing a community-based survey conducted in Ibadan North Local government,Southwest Nigeria the study examined the influences of maternal perceived self-efficacy(MPSE)and maternal perceived vulnerability(MPV)on child health outcomes(CHO).Methods:The study appraised data from 683 nursing mothers aged 15-45 obtained from 20 major primary healthcare centers in the region undergoing routine health checks for their children.Three regression models were fitted to examine the effects of MPV,MPSE,and confounding variables of maternal preventive actions such as insecticide-treated nets(ITN)usage and child immunization,among other maternal and child sociodemographic attributes on CHO.Results:The study finds that MPV has no correlation with CHO and MPSE but positively correlates with maternal age(r=0.123,P<0.05).However,CHO has a negative correlation with MPSE(r=-0.200,P<0.05)while positively correlated with child age(r=0.134,P<0.05).MPSE has a unique effect on CHO(β=-0.203,P<0.05),maternal preventive action of ITN usage show a positive association with CHO in the study Model 2(β=-0.163,P<0.05),while in Model 3,child's age has a positive association with CHO(β=0.180,P<0.05).The net effect of the study models accounted for approximately 10%of the variance in CHO reported among the children.Conclusion:Overall,MPSE and ITN usage are essential factors for understanding and reducing the potential adverse CHO.Global effort must continue to improve maternal education to support child health and preventive carepractices in SSA.

Social Comparison Orientation Associated with Psychological Well Being:The Mediated Role of Self-efficacy

The paper focused on how social comparison orientation people apply influences their psychological well-being and how self-efficacy plays an important role in buffering some negative influence from upward social comparison compared with someone better in one domain.In Festinger’s(1954)social comparison theory,the social comparison orientation instructed how people process the information they compared for,and related emotion was induced differently.In this paper,2,000 college students in Boston were proposed to participate in two experiments that discuss how different social comparison orientations affect their perception of life satisfaction.For the hypothetical result,we proposed that a high level of engagement in social comparison and ability-based social comparison was associated with less life satisfaction than the participants who had a low level of social comparison and opinion-based social comparison.In terms of coping strategy,we assumed that a high level of self-efficacy,which is the belief in capability to achieve a certain goal,will buffer the negative impact from upward comparison and improve the life satisfaction of those participants who like to engage with social comparison and ability-based comparison orientation.

A Study of the Self-efficacy of Viola Majors in Chinese Universities Regarding Career Choice

This study examined and analysed the impact of self-efficacy on the career decisions of 52 viola students enrolled in Chinese universities.According to the findings,the level of self-efficacy influences the learning and career decisions of students directly.Higher self-efficacy can positively affect how individuals perceive their past experiences and those of others.Therefore,a high degree of self-efficacy can be advantageous.Self-efficacy is primarily influenced by a person’s prior experiences,alternative experiences,verbal persuasion,and physical and emotional state during work-based learning.Schools may offer courses that foster and improve the development of self-efficacy in order to help viola majors in improving their self-efficacy effectively.

Effect of Health Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Functional Capacity of Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Khartoum State-Sudan, 2015-2019

Coronary heart disease is among the most prevalent and costly of all global health problems. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been increasingly used since the 1960s. Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, including Sudan. Self-efficacy and functional capacity is a critical factor for quality of life in patients who has undergone CABG as well as for their caregivers from their families. Aim of the Study: To explore the effects of an educational program on self-efficacy and functional capacity of patients after CABG. 1) There will be no significant difference between the intervention group and control group concerning knowledge regarding Self-efficacy and functional capacity post CABG surgery. 2) The application of our educational program for the patients will enhance the patients with CABG surgery and improve knowledge about Self-efficacy and functional capacity post CABG surgery. 3) There are some socio demographic factors that affect the response to the educational program. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, interventional and hospital-based study, including pre-test, a post-test and follow-up test, with a control group, conducted during the period from September 2014 to June 2019. Patients were recruited consecutively to the cases and control group using convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 76 patients;41 as cases and 35 as control group. The sample included those who had undergone CABG in Khartoum State. Relevant data were collected using a checklist to monitor the effect of a health education program on self-efficacy and functional capacity of the patients. Result: The results showed marked improvement in patients’ self-efficacy and functional capacity between pretest and posttest for the study group;p-value = (0.001) in the health status of cases in comparison to the control group. The indices were observed to be higher for patients who received a nursing educational program throughout the study period;p-value = (0.002).

面向RISC-V的基础数学库实现

RISC-V指令集架构(Instruction Set Architecture,ISA)作为一种新兴的精简ISA,因免费、开源、自由等特点而得到快速发展.由于国内外对RISC-V的研究主要集中在硬件开发,软件生态相较于成熟ISA还很薄弱,实现一套RISC-V指令集高性能基础数学库可以进一步丰富RISC-V软件生态.本文基于自动化移植技术实现申威数学库到RISC-V的移植,为RISC-V指令架构提供首个使用向量指令优化的基础数学库系统.本文提出向量寄存器自动分支查表法与路径标记插入法,重点解决不同架构间寄存器映射过程中的寄存器复用问题,实现寄存器正确高效映射,并依据不同指令等价转换策略自动化移植数学函数69个.测试结果表明,RISC-V基础数学库函数可实现正确计算,最大误差为1.90ULP,函数性能平均为157.03节拍.

“人工智能”专刊序言

1950年英国科学家Alan Mathison Turing发表了论文《计算机器与智能》(Computing Machinery and Intelligence),提出“智能”这一概念,并提出相应的测试方法:如果一台机器能够与人类展开对话(通过电传设备),而不能被辨别出机器身份,那么这台机器具有智能,这种测试方法被后人称之为“图灵测试”(Turing Test),这是最早对人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)的“智能”的描述及其判定标准。

马克思的数学研究及其在政治经济学中的运用

数学是马克思进行科学研究和发现人类社会发展规律的重要工具。马克思数学研究的进阶路径符合人对事物认知的一般规律,马克思由唯心主义转向唯物主义是其钻研数学的根本前提,马克思开创了用历史唯物主义、辩证唯物主义方法研究数学的先例,为当时数学、经济学及辩证唯物主义哲学协调发展提供了光辉范例。马克思推动了高等数学的发展,提出“无穷小量”与“0”之间的辩证关系,独创了■求导法,系统梳理了“神秘微积分”“理性微积分”“纯粹代数微积分”的特点和不足,敏锐发现了代数学向微分学转化的环节,揭示了微积分的本质。马克思借助数理逻辑,在阐释劳动价值论基础上发现了剩余价值论,并用数理逻辑、文字逻辑和现实事例论证了政治经济学基本理论,严谨完成了《资本论》整体理论建构。新时代科学发展马克思政治经济学数理分析,可强化数学及其他基础学科交叉应用研究,在解决时代问题中创新马克思主义政治经济学数理理论。

数学成绩的影响因素分析与数学素养提升的探讨——H大学大一新生数学公共课的多维数据分析

数学公共课是大多数专业大一新生的必修课,对学生未来的发展有较大影响。本文依据某“985”高校———H大学大一新生的数学公共课成绩以及问卷调查的真实资料,利用统计方法进行量化分析。从知识、态度、情感3个维度包含的多维指标数据出发,进行了指标间的相关性分析、各个指标对数学成绩的差异性分析、数学成绩的影响因素和预测路径分析,得出相应的结论。并进一步探讨了提升学生数学素养的可行路径。

虚拟化身性别对数学任务表现的影响:一个有中介的调节模型

本研究探讨了虚拟化身性别对数学任务表现的影响及其影响机制。实验采用2(化身性别:男/女)×2(自我肯定:高/低)的两因素组间设计,因变量为数学工作自我概念和数学任务表现。结果表明:虚拟化身性别和自我肯定均对数学工作自我概念和数学任务表现有显著主效应,且两者交互影响两个因变量。同时,研究还发现了有中介的调节作用模型,自我肯定显著地调节了虚拟化身性别与数学任务表现的关系,且该调节关系通过数学工作自我概念的中介作用来进一步影响数学任务表现。

基于模糊数学方法评价自动驾驶接管绩效

采用问卷和实验方法,并利用模糊数学方法探讨接管前置时间、驾驶信任、情绪唤醒以及性别因素对接管绩效的综合影响。结果发现:3s前置时间的接管绩效最佳,5s次之,8s最差;低驾驶信任度的驾驶员接管绩效优于高信任度的;男性驾驶员的接管绩效优于女性,唤起中性情绪时驾驶员的接管绩效优于积极情绪时,并且交互作用显示,男性唤起积极情绪后接管绩效最差。主要结论是,驾驶员的情绪稳定有利于驾驶员在紧急情况下接管车辆。

初二学生数学逆商与数学学业成绩的关系研究——数学焦虑的中介作用

数学逆商与数学焦虑是影响学生数学学习的重要非智力因素,采用自编数学逆商量表、数学焦虑量表对初二学生进行调查,探讨数学逆商对学生数学学业成绩的影响及作用机制.结果表明:(1)初二学生的数学逆商处于中等偏上水平,数学焦虑程度一般,且男、女生在数学逆商、数学焦虑上均存在显著性差异;(2)数学逆商、数学学业成绩、数学焦虑两两相关.其中,数学逆商显著正向预测数学学业成绩,数学焦虑显著负向预测数学学业成绩、数学逆商;(3)数学焦虑在数学逆商和数学学业成绩之间起部分中介作用,中介效应对总效应的贡献率为34.43%.

Math1基因内耳导入后噪声性聋豚鼠听功能改变观察

目的观察Math1基因内耳导入对噪声性聋豚鼠听功能的影响,探讨Math1基因过表达对噪声损伤耳蜗的生物学效应,为内耳基因治疗提供实验基础和理论依据。方法经脉冲噪声致聋的豚鼠45只(各频率ABR阈值均≥95dB SPL),雌雄不限,实验开始时体重250～300g。随机分为3组:Ad-Math1-EGFP组(30只);Ad-EGFP组(5只);空白组(10只)。各组豚鼠在基因转导后4周、8周分别测试双耳ABR。测试完毕后处死动物,观察听泡及耳蜗无炎性病变者记录听阈结果。结果Math1导入后4周,导入耳各频率ABR阈值低于对照耳(右耳),也低于Ad-EGFP组及空白组,平均达到85dB SPL。Math1导入后8周,导入耳各频率ABR阈值低于对照耳(右耳),也低于Ad-EGFP组及空白组,与4周时比较,进一步好转,平均达到75dB SPL。结论Math1基因内耳导入可使噪声导致全聋的豚鼠听功能部分恢复,为噪声性聋的治疗打开了新的思路和手段。

bHLH转录因子家族成员Math 1及其在内耳的研究进展

bHLH转录因子家族是一类重要的神经发育调节因子,在神经系统发育的多个部位、不同时期发挥神经决定作用。近年来的研究尤其是在内耳毛细胞再生中Math1发挥作用的研究取得了重要的进展——Math1的介入可以使成熟的听上皮再生毛细胞。这给听觉障碍的恢复带来了希望。本文就此对Math1的研究进展进行综述。