In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy ...In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%. It is necessary to calculate the power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. In this paper, the authors have constructed a mathematical model which calculates the EV power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. The calculated results of this model have been compared to actual traveling data. In addition, factors which have a impact on the EV power consumption have been studied. As a result, the EV power consumption is greately varied by slope resistance, acceleration resistance and required air-conditioning load. Moreover, it is clarified that the air-conditioner consumes approximately 25% to 50% of the total power consumption in a hot summer day. In addition, the acceleration and the air-conditioning load differ depending on each vehicle driver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the EV power consumption practically, it is necessary to reflect the characteristics of each vehicle driver.展开更多
Network lifetime is one of the important metrics that indicate the performance of a sensor network. Different techniques are used to elongate network lifetime. Among them, clustering is one of the popular techniques. ...Network lifetime is one of the important metrics that indicate the performance of a sensor network. Different techniques are used to elongate network lifetime. Among them, clustering is one of the popular techniques. LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is one of the most widely cited clustering solutions due to its simplicity and effectiveness. LEACH has several parameters that can be tuned to get better performance. Percentage of cluster heads is one such important parameter which affects the network lifetime significantly. At present it is hard to find the optimum value for the percentage of cluster head parameter due to the absence of a complete mathematical model on LEACH. A complete mathematical model on LEACH can be used to tune other LEACH parameters in order to get better performance. In this paper, we formulate a new and complete mathematical model on LEACH. From this new mathematical model, we compute the value for the optimal percentage of cluster heads in order to increase the network lifetime. Simulation results verify both the correctness of our mathematical model and the effectiveness of computing the optimal percentage of cluster heads to increase the network lifetime.展开更多
In this study, in order to investigate the power consumption of feed drive system, mathematical models for the single-axis experimental apparatus are developed. This apparatus can be driven by either of ball screw or ...In this study, in order to investigate the power consumption of feed drive system, mathematical models for the single-axis experimental apparatus are developed. This apparatus can be driven by either of ball screw or linear motor and it is possible to change the mechanical properties of such as grease viscosity of the table. Then, the power consumption is simulated by proposed method based on the mathematical model of feed drive systems and the simulated results are compared with the measured results of the experimental apparatus to confirm the validity of the proposed method. In addition, it is clarified that the energy usages of the feed drive system. The energy losses of the feed drive system are divided into the loss of each part and these energy losses are calculated by the proposed method. Then, it is investigated that the influence of the velocity and friction to the energy consumption of feed drive system. As the results, it is confirmed that proposed method can accurately predict the power consumption of the ball-screw feed drive system. It is also clarified that the energy usage for both of ball-screw and linear motor drive systems.展开更多
Based on the stoichiometric method and the free energy minimization method,an ideal model for the reduction of iron oxides by carbon and hydrogen under blast furnace conditions was established,and the reduction effici...Based on the stoichiometric method and the free energy minimization method,an ideal model for the reduction of iron oxides by carbon and hydrogen under blast furnace conditions was established,and the reduction efficiency and theoretical energy consumption of the all-carbon blast furnace and the hydrogen-rich blast furnace were compared.The results show that after the reduction reaction is completed at the bottom of the blast furnace,the gas produced by reduction at 1600℃still has a certain excessive reduction capacity,which is due to the hydrogen brought in by the hydrogen-rich blast as well as the excess carbon monoxide generated by the reaction of the coke and the oxygen brought in by the blast.During the process of the gas with excessive reduction capacity rising from the bottom of the blast furnace and gas reduction process,the excessive reduction capacity of the gas gradually decreases with the increase in the dydrogen content in the blast.In the all-carbon blast furnace,the excess gas reduction capacity is the strongest,and the total energy consumption per ton of iron reduction is the lowest.This shows that,for the current operation mode of the blast furnace,adding hydrogen in the blast furnace cannot reduce the consumption of carbon required for reduction per ton of iron,but rather increases the consumption of carbon.展开更多
文摘In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%. It is necessary to calculate the power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. In this paper, the authors have constructed a mathematical model which calculates the EV power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. The calculated results of this model have been compared to actual traveling data. In addition, factors which have a impact on the EV power consumption have been studied. As a result, the EV power consumption is greately varied by slope resistance, acceleration resistance and required air-conditioning load. Moreover, it is clarified that the air-conditioner consumes approximately 25% to 50% of the total power consumption in a hot summer day. In addition, the acceleration and the air-conditioning load differ depending on each vehicle driver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the EV power consumption practically, it is necessary to reflect the characteristics of each vehicle driver.
文摘Network lifetime is one of the important metrics that indicate the performance of a sensor network. Different techniques are used to elongate network lifetime. Among them, clustering is one of the popular techniques. LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is one of the most widely cited clustering solutions due to its simplicity and effectiveness. LEACH has several parameters that can be tuned to get better performance. Percentage of cluster heads is one such important parameter which affects the network lifetime significantly. At present it is hard to find the optimum value for the percentage of cluster head parameter due to the absence of a complete mathematical model on LEACH. A complete mathematical model on LEACH can be used to tune other LEACH parameters in order to get better performance. In this paper, we formulate a new and complete mathematical model on LEACH. From this new mathematical model, we compute the value for the optimal percentage of cluster heads in order to increase the network lifetime. Simulation results verify both the correctness of our mathematical model and the effectiveness of computing the optimal percentage of cluster heads to increase the network lifetime.
文摘In this study, in order to investigate the power consumption of feed drive system, mathematical models for the single-axis experimental apparatus are developed. This apparatus can be driven by either of ball screw or linear motor and it is possible to change the mechanical properties of such as grease viscosity of the table. Then, the power consumption is simulated by proposed method based on the mathematical model of feed drive systems and the simulated results are compared with the measured results of the experimental apparatus to confirm the validity of the proposed method. In addition, it is clarified that the energy usages of the feed drive system. The energy losses of the feed drive system are divided into the loss of each part and these energy losses are calculated by the proposed method. Then, it is investigated that the influence of the velocity and friction to the energy consumption of feed drive system. As the results, it is confirmed that proposed method can accurately predict the power consumption of the ball-screw feed drive system. It is also clarified that the energy usage for both of ball-screw and linear motor drive systems.
基金The author are thankful for the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1560203,51704021,and 51274031)Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials.
文摘Based on the stoichiometric method and the free energy minimization method,an ideal model for the reduction of iron oxides by carbon and hydrogen under blast furnace conditions was established,and the reduction efficiency and theoretical energy consumption of the all-carbon blast furnace and the hydrogen-rich blast furnace were compared.The results show that after the reduction reaction is completed at the bottom of the blast furnace,the gas produced by reduction at 1600℃still has a certain excessive reduction capacity,which is due to the hydrogen brought in by the hydrogen-rich blast as well as the excess carbon monoxide generated by the reaction of the coke and the oxygen brought in by the blast.During the process of the gas with excessive reduction capacity rising from the bottom of the blast furnace and gas reduction process,the excessive reduction capacity of the gas gradually decreases with the increase in the dydrogen content in the blast.In the all-carbon blast furnace,the excess gas reduction capacity is the strongest,and the total energy consumption per ton of iron reduction is the lowest.This shows that,for the current operation mode of the blast furnace,adding hydrogen in the blast furnace cannot reduce the consumption of carbon required for reduction per ton of iron,but rather increases the consumption of carbon.
