AIM:To represent mathematically the intersection between the ectatic corneal geometry and the plane of intracorneal ring implants(ICRS)in order to determine the corneal response to ICRS surgery in keratoconus(KC)...AIM:To represent mathematically the intersection between the ectatic corneal geometry and the plane of intracorneal ring implants(ICRS)in order to determine the corneal response to ICRS surgery in keratoconus(KC).Thereafter,to present the concept and early results of a newly derived topography-guided nomogram for ICRS surgery for the treatment of keratectasia. METHODS:The corneal rings plane intersection was modelled to a conic section. Ring effect was the result of:the ring size,position(steep vs flat),location(distance from the geometric centre of the cornea),and the discrepancy between the ring's curvature and the tunnel's curvature.Femtosecond laser was used to create the tunnels and the incision sites were chosen according to the nomogram in order to place the thickest ring in the steepest portion of the cornea regardless of the astigmatism axis of refraction.RESULTS:The conic section had a more prolate shape in the steep area of the cornea than in the flat area,depending on the corneal sagittal curvature. Equal ring size had more flattening effect in the steep area than in the flat area. Thick segment should be implanted under the steep portion of the cornea regardless of the cylinder axis of refraction. Single segment in the steep area was sufficient in early and moderate cases of KC. The new nomogram provided more topographic regularity with significant reduction of astigmatism and better improvement in uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)than the conventional nomogram. CONCLUSION:The newly derived nomogram can produce better results than the conventional nomogram. Moreover,based on this concept,a new nomogram can be integrated into the femtosecond laser software to create topography-guided,customized,elliptical tunnels with modified focal asphericity that allows for customized focal flattening of the irregularly steepened ectatic cornea.展开更多
A mathematical model was established to simulate the weld pool development and dynamic process in stationary iaser-MlG hybrid welding. Surface tension and buoyancy were considered to calculate liquid metal flow patter...A mathematical model was established to simulate the weld pool development and dynamic process in stationary iaser-MlG hybrid welding. Surface tension and buoyancy were considered to calculate liquid metal flow patter, moreover, typical phenomena of MIG welding, such as filler droplets impinging weld pool, electromagnetic force in the weld pool, and typical phenomena of laser beam welding, such as recoil pressure, Inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption, Fresnel absorption were all considered in the model. The laser beam and arc couple effect were introduced into this model by the plasma width during hybrid welding. The role of recoil pressure in the weld formation was discussed. Transient weld pool shape and complicated liquid metal velocity distribution from two kinds weld pool to an unified weld pool were calculated. The simulated weld bead geometry with consideration recoil pressure was in good agreement with experimental measurement.展开更多
For laser cladding a large temperature gradient easily weakened the surface quality by generating cracks and irregular coating surfaces,which in turn affected the bearing capacity and corrosion resistance of coatings ...For laser cladding a large temperature gradient easily weakened the surface quality by generating cracks and irregular coating surfaces,which in turn affected the bearing capacity and corrosion resistance of coatings in the rapid heating and cooling process.The response surface methodology(RSM)was used to predict coating cracks by changing the powder ratio,energy density,and preheating temperature,which obtained the relevant mathematical model.After that,the sensitivity of the crack length to process parameters was analyzed based on the sensitivity analysis method.The effect of Ni60/WC composite powder process parameters on the surface quality was revealed in laser cladding.The crack length first decreased and then increased,and the Smooth decreased with the increased powder ratio.The crack length and Smooth increased with the increased energy density.The crack length decreased and Smooth increased with the increased preheating temperature.Sensitivity analysis showed that the crack length and Smooth were the most sensitive to the powder ratio.Therefore,the process parameters were reasonably selected to control the surface quality.The mathematical model and sensitivity analysis method in the work could improve the surface quality,which provided a theoretical basis for the prediction and control of laser cladding cracks.展开更多
Mathematical model is formulated for description of thermophysical processes at laser welding of metal plates for the case when modifying nanoparticles of refractory compounds (nanopowder inoculators – NPI) are intro...Mathematical model is formulated for description of thermophysical processes at laser welding of metal plates for the case when modifying nanoparticles of refractory compounds (nanopowder inoculators – NPI) are introduced into the weld pool. Specially prepared nanoparticles of refractory compounds serve here as crystallization centers, i.e. in fact they are exogenous inoculants on which surface clusters are grouped. This can be used to control the melt crystallization process and formation of its structure, and, therefore, properties of the weld seam. As an example, calculation results of the butt welding of aluminum alloy and steel plates are presented. The results of calculation and experimental data comparison are shown.展开更多
This paper theoretically analyzes and researches the coordinate frames of a 3D vision scanning system, establishes the mathematic model of a system scanning process, derives the relationship between the general non-or...This paper theoretically analyzes and researches the coordinate frames of a 3D vision scanning system, establishes the mathematic model of a system scanning process, derives the relationship between the general non-orthonormal sensor coordinate system and the machine coordinate system and the coordinate transformation matrix of the extrinsic calibration for the system.展开更多
Reconstruction of Quaternary environments,late Cenozoic geodynamics and evaluation of volcanic hazards,all depend on the precise delineation of eruptive stages.In recent years,laser 40Ar/39Ar dating methods have been ...Reconstruction of Quaternary environments,late Cenozoic geodynamics and evaluation of volcanic hazards,all depend on the precise delineation of eruptive stages.In recent years,laser 40Ar/39Ar dating methods have been widely used for dating young volcanic rocks,given their stable automated testing process,very low background level and high sensitivity,which meet the requirements for precise dating of young samples.This paper applied high-precision laser 40Ar/39Ar dating to the main volcanic units in the Tengchong area and obtained ages in the range of 0.025–5.1 Ma using conventional data processing methods.However,conventional dating highlighted issues related to very low radiogenic 40Ar content,accidental errors and poor data stability,which led to huge age deviations.Moreover,lacking a unified timescale,conventional methods were unable to strictly define the stages of the Tengchong volcanic eruptions,leading to ongoing controversy.In this study,we applied a Gaussian mathematical model to deal with all 378 original ages from 13 samples.An apparent age-probability diagram,consisting of three independent waveforms,have been obtained.The corresponding isochron ages of these three waveforms suggest there were three volcanic eruptive stages,namely during the Pliocene(3.78±0.04 Ma),early Middle Pleistocene(0.63±0.03 Ma)and late Middle Pleistocene to early Late Pleistocene(0.139±0.005 Ma).These results accurately define eruptive stages in the Tengchong area.展开更多
[目的]探讨在男-男性行为(men sex with men,MSM)人群中开展环形接种从而阻断猴痘传播的可行性.[方法]将人群接触区分为固定与非固定接触两部分,建立描述环形接种的常微分方程猴痘传播数学模型.进而基于该模型的数值模拟,评估并探讨环...[目的]探讨在男-男性行为(men sex with men,MSM)人群中开展环形接种从而阻断猴痘传播的可行性.[方法]将人群接触区分为固定与非固定接触两部分,建立描述环形接种的常微分方程猴痘传播数学模型.进而基于该模型的数值模拟,评估并探讨环形接种在群体层面的防传播效果,以及接种过程中涉及的若干环节实施力度的影响.[结果]模拟显示,在基线场景的200 d传播模拟中,仅追踪接种80%和90%密接的环形接种方案可以分别使人群中平均每7.00和9.18 d产生一个病例,二者均大于病例的实际传染期,意味着发生传播阻断.密接追踪比例α1≥0.5时,继续提高α1可以减少疫苗消耗,提高有限疫苗资源的利用率.额外针对次密接的追踪接种将消耗与大规模接种类似的大量疫苗资源,效益较低,仅适用于疫情传播早期病例数极少的情形.[结论]对于猴痘这种自限性疾病,仅针对密切接触者的追踪接种可以很好地控制猴痘传播,同时对局部暴发具有较好的控制效果.然而为进一步减少聚集性暴发带来的额外负担,仍应预先提高MSM人群的疫苗覆盖率.展开更多
A novel light scanning system based on circular laser trajectory for welding robot is developed. With the help of image processing technique, intelligent laser welding could be realized. According to laser triangulati...A novel light scanning system based on circular laser trajectory for welding robot is developed. With the help of image processing technique, intelligent laser welding could be realized. According to laser triangulation algorithm and Scheimpflug condition, mathematical model for circular laser vision is built. This scanning system projects circular laser onto welded seams and recovers the depth of the welded seams, escapes from shortcomings of less information, explains ambiguity and single tracking direction inherent in “spot” or “line” type laser trajectory. Three-dimensional (3D) model for welded seams could be recognized after depth recovery. The imaging error is investigated also.展开更多
A survey on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser plasmas is presented.Firstly,an analytical model is described,showing that a transverse net current formed in a plasma can be converted int...A survey on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser plasmas is presented.Firstly,an analytical model is described,showing that a transverse net current formed in a plasma can be converted into THz radiations at the plasma oscillation frequency.This theory is applied to explain THz generation in a gas driven by two-color laser pulses.It is also applied to THz generation in a tenuous plasma driven by a chirped laser pulse,a few-cycle laser pulse,a DC/AC bias electric field.These are well verified by particle-in-cell simulations,demonstrating that THz radiations produced in these approaches are nearly single-cycles and linear polarized.In the chirped laser scheme and the few-cycle laser scheme,THz radiations with the peak field strength of tens of MV/cm and the peak power of gigawatt can be achieved with the incident laser intensity less than 10 17 W/cm 2.展开更多
文摘AIM:To represent mathematically the intersection between the ectatic corneal geometry and the plane of intracorneal ring implants(ICRS)in order to determine the corneal response to ICRS surgery in keratoconus(KC).Thereafter,to present the concept and early results of a newly derived topography-guided nomogram for ICRS surgery for the treatment of keratectasia. METHODS:The corneal rings plane intersection was modelled to a conic section. Ring effect was the result of:the ring size,position(steep vs flat),location(distance from the geometric centre of the cornea),and the discrepancy between the ring's curvature and the tunnel's curvature.Femtosecond laser was used to create the tunnels and the incision sites were chosen according to the nomogram in order to place the thickest ring in the steepest portion of the cornea regardless of the astigmatism axis of refraction.RESULTS:The conic section had a more prolate shape in the steep area of the cornea than in the flat area,depending on the corneal sagittal curvature. Equal ring size had more flattening effect in the steep area than in the flat area. Thick segment should be implanted under the steep portion of the cornea regardless of the cylinder axis of refraction. Single segment in the steep area was sufficient in early and moderate cases of KC. The new nomogram provided more topographic regularity with significant reduction of astigmatism and better improvement in uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)than the conventional nomogram. CONCLUSION:The newly derived nomogram can produce better results than the conventional nomogram. Moreover,based on this concept,a new nomogram can be integrated into the femtosecond laser software to create topography-guided,customized,elliptical tunnels with modified focal asphericity that allows for customized focal flattening of the irregularly steepened ectatic cornea.
文摘A mathematical model was established to simulate the weld pool development and dynamic process in stationary iaser-MlG hybrid welding. Surface tension and buoyancy were considered to calculate liquid metal flow patter, moreover, typical phenomena of MIG welding, such as filler droplets impinging weld pool, electromagnetic force in the weld pool, and typical phenomena of laser beam welding, such as recoil pressure, Inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption, Fresnel absorption were all considered in the model. The laser beam and arc couple effect were introduced into this model by the plasma width during hybrid welding. The role of recoil pressure in the weld formation was discussed. Transient weld pool shape and complicated liquid metal velocity distribution from two kinds weld pool to an unified weld pool were calculated. The simulated weld bead geometry with consideration recoil pressure was in good agreement with experimental measurement.
基金supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Fujian Province(Grant No.2020HZ03018).
文摘For laser cladding a large temperature gradient easily weakened the surface quality by generating cracks and irregular coating surfaces,which in turn affected the bearing capacity and corrosion resistance of coatings in the rapid heating and cooling process.The response surface methodology(RSM)was used to predict coating cracks by changing the powder ratio,energy density,and preheating temperature,which obtained the relevant mathematical model.After that,the sensitivity of the crack length to process parameters was analyzed based on the sensitivity analysis method.The effect of Ni60/WC composite powder process parameters on the surface quality was revealed in laser cladding.The crack length first decreased and then increased,and the Smooth decreased with the increased powder ratio.The crack length and Smooth increased with the increased energy density.The crack length decreased and Smooth increased with the increased preheating temperature.Sensitivity analysis showed that the crack length and Smooth were the most sensitive to the powder ratio.Therefore,the process parameters were reasonably selected to control the surface quality.The mathematical model and sensitivity analysis method in the work could improve the surface quality,which provided a theoretical basis for the prediction and control of laser cladding cracks.
文摘Mathematical model is formulated for description of thermophysical processes at laser welding of metal plates for the case when modifying nanoparticles of refractory compounds (nanopowder inoculators – NPI) are introduced into the weld pool. Specially prepared nanoparticles of refractory compounds serve here as crystallization centers, i.e. in fact they are exogenous inoculants on which surface clusters are grouped. This can be used to control the melt crystallization process and formation of its structure, and, therefore, properties of the weld seam. As an example, calculation results of the butt welding of aluminum alloy and steel plates are presented. The results of calculation and experimental data comparison are shown.
文摘This paper theoretically analyzes and researches the coordinate frames of a 3D vision scanning system, establishes the mathematic model of a system scanning process, derives the relationship between the general non-orthonormal sensor coordinate system and the machine coordinate system and the coordinate transformation matrix of the extrinsic calibration for the system.
基金supported by the Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey Bureau(Grant No.1212113013700).
文摘Reconstruction of Quaternary environments,late Cenozoic geodynamics and evaluation of volcanic hazards,all depend on the precise delineation of eruptive stages.In recent years,laser 40Ar/39Ar dating methods have been widely used for dating young volcanic rocks,given their stable automated testing process,very low background level and high sensitivity,which meet the requirements for precise dating of young samples.This paper applied high-precision laser 40Ar/39Ar dating to the main volcanic units in the Tengchong area and obtained ages in the range of 0.025–5.1 Ma using conventional data processing methods.However,conventional dating highlighted issues related to very low radiogenic 40Ar content,accidental errors and poor data stability,which led to huge age deviations.Moreover,lacking a unified timescale,conventional methods were unable to strictly define the stages of the Tengchong volcanic eruptions,leading to ongoing controversy.In this study,we applied a Gaussian mathematical model to deal with all 378 original ages from 13 samples.An apparent age-probability diagram,consisting of three independent waveforms,have been obtained.The corresponding isochron ages of these three waveforms suggest there were three volcanic eruptive stages,namely during the Pliocene(3.78±0.04 Ma),early Middle Pleistocene(0.63±0.03 Ma)and late Middle Pleistocene to early Late Pleistocene(0.139±0.005 Ma).These results accurately define eruptive stages in the Tengchong area.
文摘[目的]探讨在男-男性行为(men sex with men,MSM)人群中开展环形接种从而阻断猴痘传播的可行性.[方法]将人群接触区分为固定与非固定接触两部分,建立描述环形接种的常微分方程猴痘传播数学模型.进而基于该模型的数值模拟,评估并探讨环形接种在群体层面的防传播效果,以及接种过程中涉及的若干环节实施力度的影响.[结果]模拟显示,在基线场景的200 d传播模拟中,仅追踪接种80%和90%密接的环形接种方案可以分别使人群中平均每7.00和9.18 d产生一个病例,二者均大于病例的实际传染期,意味着发生传播阻断.密接追踪比例α1≥0.5时,继续提高α1可以减少疫苗消耗,提高有限疫苗资源的利用率.额外针对次密接的追踪接种将消耗与大规模接种类似的大量疫苗资源,效益较低,仅适用于疫情传播早期病例数极少的情形.[结论]对于猴痘这种自限性疾病,仅针对密切接触者的追踪接种可以很好地控制猴痘传播,同时对局部暴发具有较好的控制效果.然而为进一步减少聚集性暴发带来的额外负担,仍应预先提高MSM人群的疫苗覆盖率.
基金This work was supported by Scientific Program of Science and Technology Department of Shanghai (No. 036105001) and Oversea Science and Technology Corporation Key Program (China-Germany) (No. 2004DFA02400).
文摘A novel light scanning system based on circular laser trajectory for welding robot is developed. With the help of image processing technique, intelligent laser welding could be realized. According to laser triangulation algorithm and Scheimpflug condition, mathematical model for circular laser vision is built. This scanning system projects circular laser onto welded seams and recovers the depth of the welded seams, escapes from shortcomings of less information, explains ambiguity and single tracking direction inherent in “spot” or “line” type laser trajectory. Three-dimensional (3D) model for welded seams could be recognized after depth recovery. The imaging error is investigated also.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11105217 and 10925421)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009GB105002)
文摘A survey on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser plasmas is presented.Firstly,an analytical model is described,showing that a transverse net current formed in a plasma can be converted into THz radiations at the plasma oscillation frequency.This theory is applied to explain THz generation in a gas driven by two-color laser pulses.It is also applied to THz generation in a tenuous plasma driven by a chirped laser pulse,a few-cycle laser pulse,a DC/AC bias electric field.These are well verified by particle-in-cell simulations,demonstrating that THz radiations produced in these approaches are nearly single-cycles and linear polarized.In the chirped laser scheme and the few-cycle laser scheme,THz radiations with the peak field strength of tens of MV/cm and the peak power of gigawatt can be achieved with the incident laser intensity less than 10 17 W/cm 2.