The paper deals with estimates of the covering number for some Mercer kernel Hilbert space with Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators. We first give estimates of l2- norm of Mercer kernel matrices reproducing by the kernelsK...The paper deals with estimates of the covering number for some Mercer kernel Hilbert space with Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators. We first give estimates of l2- norm of Mercer kernel matrices reproducing by the kernelsK（α,β）（x,y）：=∑∞k=0 Ck（α,β）（x）Qk（α,β）（y）,where Qk（α,β） （x） are the Jacobi polynomials of order k on （0, 1 ）, Ck（α,β） 〉 0 are real numbers, and from which give the lower and upper bounds of the covering number for some particular reproducing kernel Hilbert space reproduced by Kα,β （x, y）.展开更多
Randićenergy was first defined in the paper [1]. Using minimum covering set, we have introduced the minimum covering Randićenergy RE<sub>C</sub> (G) of a graph G in this paper. This p...Randićenergy was first defined in the paper [1]. Using minimum covering set, we have introduced the minimum covering Randićenergy RE<sub>C</sub> (G) of a graph G in this paper. This paper contains computation of minimum covering Randićenergies for some standard graphs like star graph, complete graph, thorn graph of complete graph, crown graph, complete bipartite graph, cocktail graph and friendship graphs. At the end of this paper, upper and lower bounds for minimum covering Randićenergy are also presented.展开更多
We mapped the forest cover of Khadimnagar National Park （KNP） of Sylhet Forest Division and estimated forest change over a period of 22 years （1988-2010） using Landsat TM images and other GIS data. Supervised clas...We mapped the forest cover of Khadimnagar National Park （KNP） of Sylhet Forest Division and estimated forest change over a period of 22 years （1988-2010） using Landsat TM images and other GIS data. Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） image classification approaches were applied to the images to produce three cover classes, viz. dense forest, medium dense forest, and bare land. The change map was produced by differencing classified imageries of 1988 and 2010 as before image and after image, respectively, in ERDAS IMAGINE. Error matrix and kappa statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the produced maps. Overall map accuracies resulting from supervised classification of 1988 and 2010 imageries were 84.6% （Kappa 0.75） and 87.5% （Kappa 0.80）, respec- tively. Forest cover statistics resulting from supervised classification showed that dense forest and bare land declined from 526 ha （67%） to 417 ha （59%） and 105 ha （13%） to 8 ha （1%）, respectively, whereas medium dense forest increased from 155 ha （20%） to 317 ha （40%）. Forest cover change statistics derived from NDVI classification showed that dense forest declined from 525 ha （67%） to 421 ha （54%） while medium dense forest increased from 253 ha （32%） to 356 ha （45%）. Both supervised and NDVI classification approaches showed similar trends of forest change, i.e. decrease of dense forest and increase of medium dense forest, which indicates dense forest has been converted to medium dense forest. Area of bare land was unchanged. Illicit felling, encroachment, and settlement near forests caused the dense forest decline while short and long rotation plantations raised in various years caused the increase in area of medium dense forest. Protective measures should be undertaken to check further degradation of forest at KNP.展开更多
Land use and land cover are essential for maintaining and managing the natural resources on the earth surface. A complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes usual...Land use and land cover are essential for maintaining and managing the natural resources on the earth surface. A complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes usually result in the change in the land use/land cover change (LULC). Pokhara Metropolitan is influenced mainly by the combination of various driving forces: geographical location, high rate of population growth, economic opportunity, globalization, tourism activities, and political activities. In addition to this, geographically steep slope, rugged terrain, and fragile geomorphic conditions and the frequency of earthquakes, floods, and landslides make the Pokhara Metropolitan region a disaster-prone area. The increment of the population along with infrastructure development of a given territory leads towards the urbanization. It has been rapidly changing due to urbanization, industrialization and internal migration since the 1970s. The landscapes and ground patterns are frequently changing on time and prone to disaster. Here a study has been carried to study on LULC for the last 18 years (2000-2018). The supervised classification on Landsat Imagery was performed and verified the classification through computing the error matrix. Besides, the water bodies and vegetation area were extracted through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDWI) respectively. This research shows that during the last 18 years the agricultural areas diminishing by 15.66% while urban area is increasing by 13.2%. This research is beneficial for preparing the plan and policy in the sustainable development of Pokhara Metropolitan.展开更多
为了研究三江源生态功能区生态约束下畜牧业技术进步偏向,本研究选取2010—2019年三江源生态功能区所辖4个州(海南、黄南、果洛、玉树4个藏族自治州)21个县为样本,采用非期望产出不可分的松弛值测算的模型(slacks based measure, SBM)...为了研究三江源生态功能区生态约束下畜牧业技术进步偏向,本研究选取2010—2019年三江源生态功能区所辖4个州(海南、黄南、果洛、玉树4个藏族自治州)21个县为样本,采用非期望产出不可分的松弛值测算的模型(slacks based measure, SBM)、曼奎斯特指数(Malmquist index, MI)和ArcGIS 10.6软件测评环境规制下生态畜牧业生产效率,分析时空变化趋势及技术进步方向。结果表明:与2010年相比,2019年三江源生态功能区全部牲畜存栏量减少13.83%,但大型牲畜存栏量反而增长14.83%。研究区域生态畜牧业全要素生产效率处于波动状态,区域间差异较大,投入型技术进步对全要素生产效率起抑制作用。纯牧区畜牧业技术进步偏向于节约劳动使用、减少大型牲畜存栏量;半农半牧区技术进步偏向于节约草场投入,存栏结构总体更偏向减少小型牲畜存栏量,均与实际牲畜存栏结构变化相违背。在考虑非期望产出不可分的情况下,投入型技术进步偏向逐渐与各地区资源禀赋不相协调,难以适应快速变化的存栏结构,抑制了生态优先的发展战略。建议以草定畜、分区规划、增加生态补偿;季节调节、良种改良、促进畜草资源空间流动;明晰产权、集聚资源、加强畜牧联合体建设。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10871226)
文摘The paper deals with estimates of the covering number for some Mercer kernel Hilbert space with Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators. We first give estimates of l2- norm of Mercer kernel matrices reproducing by the kernelsK（α,β）（x,y）：=∑∞k=0 Ck（α,β）（x）Qk（α,β）（y）,where Qk（α,β） （x） are the Jacobi polynomials of order k on （0, 1 ）, Ck（α,β） 〉 0 are real numbers, and from which give the lower and upper bounds of the covering number for some particular reproducing kernel Hilbert space reproduced by Kα,β （x, y）.
文摘Randićenergy was first defined in the paper [1]. Using minimum covering set, we have introduced the minimum covering Randićenergy RE<sub>C</sub> (G) of a graph G in this paper. This paper contains computation of minimum covering Randićenergies for some standard graphs like star graph, complete graph, thorn graph of complete graph, crown graph, complete bipartite graph, cocktail graph and friendship graphs. At the end of this paper, upper and lower bounds for minimum covering Randićenergy are also presented.
文摘We mapped the forest cover of Khadimnagar National Park （KNP） of Sylhet Forest Division and estimated forest change over a period of 22 years （1988-2010） using Landsat TM images and other GIS data. Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） image classification approaches were applied to the images to produce three cover classes, viz. dense forest, medium dense forest, and bare land. The change map was produced by differencing classified imageries of 1988 and 2010 as before image and after image, respectively, in ERDAS IMAGINE. Error matrix and kappa statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the produced maps. Overall map accuracies resulting from supervised classification of 1988 and 2010 imageries were 84.6% （Kappa 0.75） and 87.5% （Kappa 0.80）, respec- tively. Forest cover statistics resulting from supervised classification showed that dense forest and bare land declined from 526 ha （67%） to 417 ha （59%） and 105 ha （13%） to 8 ha （1%）, respectively, whereas medium dense forest increased from 155 ha （20%） to 317 ha （40%）. Forest cover change statistics derived from NDVI classification showed that dense forest declined from 525 ha （67%） to 421 ha （54%） while medium dense forest increased from 253 ha （32%） to 356 ha （45%）. Both supervised and NDVI classification approaches showed similar trends of forest change, i.e. decrease of dense forest and increase of medium dense forest, which indicates dense forest has been converted to medium dense forest. Area of bare land was unchanged. Illicit felling, encroachment, and settlement near forests caused the dense forest decline while short and long rotation plantations raised in various years caused the increase in area of medium dense forest. Protective measures should be undertaken to check further degradation of forest at KNP.
文摘Land use and land cover are essential for maintaining and managing the natural resources on the earth surface. A complex set of economic, demographic, social, cultural, technological, and environmental processes usually result in the change in the land use/land cover change (LULC). Pokhara Metropolitan is influenced mainly by the combination of various driving forces: geographical location, high rate of population growth, economic opportunity, globalization, tourism activities, and political activities. In addition to this, geographically steep slope, rugged terrain, and fragile geomorphic conditions and the frequency of earthquakes, floods, and landslides make the Pokhara Metropolitan region a disaster-prone area. The increment of the population along with infrastructure development of a given territory leads towards the urbanization. It has been rapidly changing due to urbanization, industrialization and internal migration since the 1970s. The landscapes and ground patterns are frequently changing on time and prone to disaster. Here a study has been carried to study on LULC for the last 18 years (2000-2018). The supervised classification on Landsat Imagery was performed and verified the classification through computing the error matrix. Besides, the water bodies and vegetation area were extracted through the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDWI) respectively. This research shows that during the last 18 years the agricultural areas diminishing by 15.66% while urban area is increasing by 13.2%. This research is beneficial for preparing the plan and policy in the sustainable development of Pokhara Metropolitan.
