A simple, reproducible and reliable HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen(ZMS) was established, and then it was applied to analyze samples collected from differe...A simple, reproducible and reliable HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen(ZMS) was established, and then it was applied to analyze samples collected from different locations. A total of 12 common fingerprint peaks were designated in ZSS and ZMS, respectively, and five of which were definitely identified. Of these common peaks, 10 peaks were presented in both ZSS and ZMS, whereas two were characteristic for ZSS and ZMS, respectively. Furthermore, the two characteristic peaks of ZMS were definitely assigned as 6′′′-sinapoylspinosin and frangufoline by HPLC guided purification and structural elucidation. The HPLC fingerprint analysis was proved to be useful in identifying and discriminating ZSS and ZMS, which was beneficial for quality control of ZSS and its products.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina bengh...Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents(gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses(45 and 90 plaqueforming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity(without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC_(50) of 0.154 μg/mL and 0.234 μg/mL, when added before infection with 45 and 90 PFU of virus, respectively. Gallic acid also exhibited significant antiviral effects by prophylactic treatment prior to virus adsorption on cells, with IC_(50) of 0.191 μg/mL and 0.522 μg/mL at 45 and 90 PFU of DENV-2 infection, respectively. Conclusions: The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue.展开更多
Three new acylated flavonoid C-glycosides,6'''-(-)-phaseoylspinosin(1),6'''-(3'''',4'''',5''''-trimethoxyl)-(E)-cinnamoylspinosin(2),and 6'...Three new acylated flavonoid C-glycosides,6'''-(-)-phaseoylspinosin(1),6'''-(3'''',4'''',5''''-trimethoxyl)-(E)-cinnamoylspinosin(2),and 6'''-(4''''-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)-benzoylspinosin(3),were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana(Rhamnaceae).A further 19 known compounds including eight spinosin analogues(4-11)were also isolated.Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and chemical method.Among spinosin derivatives 1,2,4,7,8,and triterpenoid saponin 14,jujuboside A(14)displayed moderate acetylcholinesterase(AchE)inhibitory activity with an inhibition value of 46.2%at a concentration of 1μM.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression i...AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression induced by Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA). METHODS: Duncan Hartley guinea pigs, weighing 700-1050 g, were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH, 100 mg/kg of RIF and 300 mg/Kg of PZA for 21-d. 200 mg/kg (bw) of each herb crude extract was administered to the herb control group and 2-h previous to INH + RIF + PZA (AKT) doses to the Herb + AKT groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST) bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were assessed on d 0 and 21 in all the groups. Phagocytic % (P%), Phagocytic Index (PI) and Chemotactic Index (CI) were also measured as immunologic parameters. Histological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver. RESULTS: The AKT treated control group showed hepatotoxicity as judged by elevated serum AST 5-fold, AST/ALT ratio 4-fold, ALP 2-fold and hepatological changes, such as focal necrosis, portal triaditis and steatosis. Immune function was suppressed as judged by decreased P% (51.67 ?1.68 vs 40.61 ?1.28, P < 0.01), PI (2.0725±0.05 vs 0.61±0.05, P < 0.001) and CI (1.8525±0.04 vs 0.695±0.07, P < 0.001). All four herb treated groups showed normal liver histology, enzyme levels and increased P%, while PI and CI were enhanced in the TC and ZM treated groups, respectively. CL + AKT, TC + AKT and ZM + AKT showed nearly normal histology with minimal inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, while OS + AKT showed partial protection. Hepatotoxicity was prevented by restricting the rise of AST by 2-fold in CL + AKT and TC + AKT groups and by 3-fold in OS + AKT and ZM + AKT groups, AST/ALT by 2-fold and ALP to normal levels in all four groups. All four herb + AKT groups showed normal to enhanced neutrophil function. CONCLUSION: All four herbs showed hepatoprotective potential and prevented immunosuppression. CL and TC showed the highest hepatoprotective activity, while TC and ZM showed strong immunostimulatory activity.展开更多
Three quinolinone alkaloids, two acridone alkaloids and a flavones glycoside were isolated from the aerial parts of Glycosmis mauritiana. These compounds were characterized as 7, 8-Dimethoxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-pyrano qui...Three quinolinone alkaloids, two acridone alkaloids and a flavones glycoside were isolated from the aerial parts of Glycosmis mauritiana. These compounds were characterized as 7, 8-Dimethoxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-pyrano quinolin-5-one, 4-Methoxy 1-methyl quinolin-2-one, 6-Hydroxy N-methyl 2,3-furo-quinolin-4-one, 1-Hydroxy-10-methyl acridone, 1- Hydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridin-9-one and Luteolin-4'-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-{α-L-rhamnopyra- nosyl-(1→6)}-β-D-glycopyranoside]. The isolated compounds were characterized by UV, IR and N. M. R (1H, 13C) studies.展开更多
Constipation is a condition in which a person or animal has difficulty in eliminating solid waste from the body and the faeces are hard and dry. It is mainly characterized by a difficulty in defecation. The aim of the...Constipation is a condition in which a person or animal has difficulty in eliminating solid waste from the body and the faeces are hard and dry. It is mainly characterized by a difficulty in defecation. The aim of the study is to assess the laxative effect of some plants such as Adansonia digitata , Ziziphus mauritiana and Psidium guayava traditionally used in Chad to treat the problems of constipation. The Microdynamometer method (Biomecatronics) is used to carry out this study. The outcomes show that the extracts’ leaves of Psidium guayava and barks of Ziziphus mauritiana did not lead a significant contraction of duodenum of rabbit until a maximum concentration of 1000 μg, but the extracts’ leaves of Adansonia digitata had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the intestinal motility of rabbit. This effect of the extract of Adansonia digitata varies with the increase of its concentration (dose dependent) with a maximum of 500 μg and the minimal effect is inferior to 10 μg. On the other hand, the extract of Adansonia digitata has a musculotrope effect because the results have shown that inhibitive molecules such as the atropine and the naloxone do not have to inhibit the action of Adansonia digitata on the intestinal motility of rabbit. Thus, the extract of this plant would reduce significantly the time of intestinal transit and it will be an important laxative drug candidate as described traditionally in Chad.展开更多
Non-timber forest products provide important socio-economic services to different village and urban communities in West Africa. However, little is known about the links between the different actors and their contribut...Non-timber forest products provide important socio-economic services to different village and urban communities in West Africa. However, little is known about the links between the different actors and their contribution to the local or national economy. This study was conducted in central southern Niger and aimed to 1) identify and map the main actors in the value chain of <em>Ziziphus mauritiana</em> and <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em> fruits;and 2) analyse the silvicultural and socio-economic aspects of fruit exploitation of these two species. Socio-economic surveys were conducted in four big villages in two main agroecological zones. Fruit exploitation of these two species affected 3044 people, with estimated 39 tonnes of <em>Z. mauritiana and</em> 27 tonnes of <em>B. aegyptiaca</em> fruit collected in 2017. The surveys revealed that the main actors were women (62.05%), constituting the primary core of the actors of the value chain. Exploitation was mainly conducted in forests (68.6%) or on farms (15.4%) with no restrictions to access. Marketing of <em>Z. mauritiana</em> concerned fresh fruit (68.8%) and fruit processed into biscuits (82.14%), and that of <em>B. aegyptiaca</em> involved fruit (38.5%) and oil extracted from seeds (38.7%);the net margin was estimated at 71.71% ± 21.59% for the first species and 50.31% ± 47.99% for the second. The income was mainly used for the needs of farmers’ households. Links have been identified where consumers and processors supply seeds, after extracting the fruit pulp, to nurserymen for the production of plants for the villages or farms. This study reveals an important potential and opportunity for job creation and improved food and nutritional status of the vulnerable strata of rural communities in Niger. Improving the links between the various actors will establish a more sustainable promotion of the fruits of these two species.展开更多
基金National Project for Standardization of Chinese Material Medica(Grant No.ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34).
文摘A simple, reproducible and reliable HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen(ZMS) was established, and then it was applied to analyze samples collected from different locations. A total of 12 common fingerprint peaks were designated in ZSS and ZMS, respectively, and five of which were definitely identified. Of these common peaks, 10 peaks were presented in both ZSS and ZMS, whereas two were characteristic for ZSS and ZMS, respectively. Furthermore, the two characteristic peaks of ZMS were definitely assigned as 6′′′-sinapoylspinosin and frangufoline by HPLC guided purification and structural elucidation. The HPLC fingerprint analysis was proved to be useful in identifying and discriminating ZSS and ZMS, which was beneficial for quality control of ZSS and its products.
基金support of the National University of SingaporeQuaid-i-Azam University
文摘Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents(gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses(45 and 90 plaqueforming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity(without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC_(50) of 0.154 μg/mL and 0.234 μg/mL, when added before infection with 45 and 90 PFU of virus, respectively. Gallic acid also exhibited significant antiviral effects by prophylactic treatment prior to virus adsorption on cells, with IC_(50) of 0.191 μg/mL and 0.522 μg/mL at 45 and 90 PFU of DENV-2 infection, respectively. Conclusions: The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue.
基金The authors are sincerely grateful to Prof.Huai-Rong Luo for the AChE inhibitory activity bioassay.This work was supported by the 973 Program of Science and Technology of China(2011CB915503)the Fourteenth Candidates of the Young Academic Leaders of Yunnan Province(Min Xu,2011CI044).
文摘Three new acylated flavonoid C-glycosides,6'''-(-)-phaseoylspinosin(1),6'''-(3'''',4'''',5''''-trimethoxyl)-(E)-cinnamoylspinosin(2),and 6'''-(4''''-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)-benzoylspinosin(3),were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana(Rhamnaceae).A further 19 known compounds including eight spinosin analogues(4-11)were also isolated.Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and chemical method.Among spinosin derivatives 1,2,4,7,8,and triterpenoid saponin 14,jujuboside A(14)displayed moderate acetylcholinesterase(AchE)inhibitory activity with an inhibition value of 46.2%at a concentration of 1μM.
文摘AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression induced by Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA). METHODS: Duncan Hartley guinea pigs, weighing 700-1050 g, were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH, 100 mg/kg of RIF and 300 mg/Kg of PZA for 21-d. 200 mg/kg (bw) of each herb crude extract was administered to the herb control group and 2-h previous to INH + RIF + PZA (AKT) doses to the Herb + AKT groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST) bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were assessed on d 0 and 21 in all the groups. Phagocytic % (P%), Phagocytic Index (PI) and Chemotactic Index (CI) were also measured as immunologic parameters. Histological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver. RESULTS: The AKT treated control group showed hepatotoxicity as judged by elevated serum AST 5-fold, AST/ALT ratio 4-fold, ALP 2-fold and hepatological changes, such as focal necrosis, portal triaditis and steatosis. Immune function was suppressed as judged by decreased P% (51.67 ?1.68 vs 40.61 ?1.28, P < 0.01), PI (2.0725±0.05 vs 0.61±0.05, P < 0.001) and CI (1.8525±0.04 vs 0.695±0.07, P < 0.001). All four herb treated groups showed normal liver histology, enzyme levels and increased P%, while PI and CI were enhanced in the TC and ZM treated groups, respectively. CL + AKT, TC + AKT and ZM + AKT showed nearly normal histology with minimal inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, while OS + AKT showed partial protection. Hepatotoxicity was prevented by restricting the rise of AST by 2-fold in CL + AKT and TC + AKT groups and by 3-fold in OS + AKT and ZM + AKT groups, AST/ALT by 2-fold and ALP to normal levels in all four groups. All four herb + AKT groups showed normal to enhanced neutrophil function. CONCLUSION: All four herbs showed hepatoprotective potential and prevented immunosuppression. CL and TC showed the highest hepatoprotective activity, while TC and ZM showed strong immunostimulatory activity.
文摘Three quinolinone alkaloids, two acridone alkaloids and a flavones glycoside were isolated from the aerial parts of Glycosmis mauritiana. These compounds were characterized as 7, 8-Dimethoxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-pyrano quinolin-5-one, 4-Methoxy 1-methyl quinolin-2-one, 6-Hydroxy N-methyl 2,3-furo-quinolin-4-one, 1-Hydroxy-10-methyl acridone, 1- Hydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridin-9-one and Luteolin-4'-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-{α-L-rhamnopyra- nosyl-(1→6)}-β-D-glycopyranoside]. The isolated compounds were characterized by UV, IR and N. M. R (1H, 13C) studies.
文摘Constipation is a condition in which a person or animal has difficulty in eliminating solid waste from the body and the faeces are hard and dry. It is mainly characterized by a difficulty in defecation. The aim of the study is to assess the laxative effect of some plants such as Adansonia digitata , Ziziphus mauritiana and Psidium guayava traditionally used in Chad to treat the problems of constipation. The Microdynamometer method (Biomecatronics) is used to carry out this study. The outcomes show that the extracts’ leaves of Psidium guayava and barks of Ziziphus mauritiana did not lead a significant contraction of duodenum of rabbit until a maximum concentration of 1000 μg, but the extracts’ leaves of Adansonia digitata had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the intestinal motility of rabbit. This effect of the extract of Adansonia digitata varies with the increase of its concentration (dose dependent) with a maximum of 500 μg and the minimal effect is inferior to 10 μg. On the other hand, the extract of Adansonia digitata has a musculotrope effect because the results have shown that inhibitive molecules such as the atropine and the naloxone do not have to inhibit the action of Adansonia digitata on the intestinal motility of rabbit. Thus, the extract of this plant would reduce significantly the time of intestinal transit and it will be an important laxative drug candidate as described traditionally in Chad.
文摘Non-timber forest products provide important socio-economic services to different village and urban communities in West Africa. However, little is known about the links between the different actors and their contribution to the local or national economy. This study was conducted in central southern Niger and aimed to 1) identify and map the main actors in the value chain of <em>Ziziphus mauritiana</em> and <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em> fruits;and 2) analyse the silvicultural and socio-economic aspects of fruit exploitation of these two species. Socio-economic surveys were conducted in four big villages in two main agroecological zones. Fruit exploitation of these two species affected 3044 people, with estimated 39 tonnes of <em>Z. mauritiana and</em> 27 tonnes of <em>B. aegyptiaca</em> fruit collected in 2017. The surveys revealed that the main actors were women (62.05%), constituting the primary core of the actors of the value chain. Exploitation was mainly conducted in forests (68.6%) or on farms (15.4%) with no restrictions to access. Marketing of <em>Z. mauritiana</em> concerned fresh fruit (68.8%) and fruit processed into biscuits (82.14%), and that of <em>B. aegyptiaca</em> involved fruit (38.5%) and oil extracted from seeds (38.7%);the net margin was estimated at 71.71% ± 21.59% for the first species and 50.31% ± 47.99% for the second. The income was mainly used for the needs of farmers’ households. Links have been identified where consumers and processors supply seeds, after extracting the fruit pulp, to nurserymen for the production of plants for the villages or farms. This study reveals an important potential and opportunity for job creation and improved food and nutritional status of the vulnerable strata of rural communities in Niger. Improving the links between the various actors will establish a more sustainable promotion of the fruits of these two species.