Purpose: This study investigated the anatomical and histological characteristics of the rat Eustachian tube(E-tube)and the feasibility of Eustachian tubography in a rat model.Materials and methods: Fifteen male Wistar...Purpose: This study investigated the anatomical and histological characteristics of the rat Eustachian tube(E-tube)and the feasibility of Eustachian tubography in a rat model.Materials and methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were used in this study, and the bilateral E-tubes of each rat were examined. Ten E-tubes were used for anatomical studies, another ten for histological analysis, and the other ten for Eustachian tubography. Five rats were euthanized and decapitated, and ten E-tubes were dissected to describe the anatomy of the E-tube. Ten E-tube specimens obtained from five other rats were sectioned to investigate Etube histology. Eustachian tubography was performed on the bilateral E-tubes of the other five rats using the trans-tympanic approach.Results: The rat E-tubes consisted of bony and membranous parts. Cartilage and bone tissue covered only the bony part. The E-tubes’ mean diameter and overall length were 2.97 mm and 4.96 mm, respectively. The tympanic orifices’ mean diameter was 1.21 mm. The epithelium of E-tubes was mainly composed of pseudostratified ciliated and goblet cells. Eustachian tubography was successfully performed on both sides of the E-tube for each rat.The technical success rate was 100%, the average running time was 4.9 min, and no procedure-related complications occurred. On tubography images, the E-tube, tympanic cavity, and nasopharynx could be identified because of the visualization of bony landmarks.Conclusion: In this study, we described the anatomical and histological features of rat E-tubes. With the aid of these findings, E-tube angiography was successfully performed using a transtympanic approach. These results will facilitate further investigation of E-tube dysfunction.展开更多
Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices trans...Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices transitioned a life-threatening operation to one with acceptable morbidity. The modern head and neck surgeon should have a meticulous surgical technique, combined with a thorough understanding of thyroid embryology and anatomy that is central to the understanding and treatment of the different disease processes of the thyroid gland and the consequences of thyroid gland surgery. In this manuscript we will be examining thyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology that is essential to the practicing thyroid surgeon.展开更多
AIM:To describe colon anatomy with colonoscopy and computed tomography(CT) to develop a rat model for future studies of therapeutic colonoscopy.METHODS:Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats,on average 400-420 g,underwent ...AIM:To describe colon anatomy with colonoscopy and computed tomography(CT) to develop a rat model for future studies of therapeutic colonoscopy.METHODS:Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats,on average 400-420 g,underwent total colonoscopy,CT and histological examination.Colonoscopy was performed after bowel preparation with a baby upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with an outer diameter of 6.7 mm.CT obtained a 3D image of total colon after a rectal enema with radiological contrast.Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were examined with a conventional technique(hematoxylin and eosin).Colonic wall thickness,length and diameter measurements were taken from the anus,3,7,14 and 20 cm from the anal margin.RESULTS:The median colonoscope depth was 24 cm(range 20-28 cm).Endoscopic and tomographic study of colon morphology showed an easy access with tubular morphology in the entire left colon(proximal left colon and rectum).Transverse colon was unapparent on colonoscopy.Right colon,proximal to the splenic flexure,was the largest part of the colon and assumed saccular morphology with tangential trabecula.Radiological measurements of the colonic length and diameter substantiate a subdivision of the right colon into two parts,the cecum and distal right colon.In addition,histological measurement of the colonic wall thickness confirmed a progressive decrease from rectum to cecum.The muscular layer was thinner in the proximal left colon.CONCLUSION:The combination of colonoscopy,tomography and histology leads to a better characterization of the entire colon.These data are important for deciding when to perform endoscopic resections or when to induce perforations to apply endoscopic treatments.展开更多
Unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from an abnormal parathyroid gland is the origin of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients who have an elevated serum calcium concentration have a problem ...Unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from an abnormal parathyroid gland is the origin of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients who have an elevated serum calcium concentration have a problem in one or more of their parathyroid glands. To understand this disease state adequately and provide appropriate treatment, a thorough understanding of parathyroid embryology, anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology is essential. In this manuscript, we review our current understanding of parathyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, physiology, and pathophysiology.展开更多
盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是一种由多因素介导的骨盆支持结构减弱引起的疾病,其主要危险因素是多胎妊娠和阴道分娩,然而POP的病理生理学过程目前尚不清楚。手术是治疗中重度POP的主要方法之一,与子宫骶韧带(uterosacral ...盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是一种由多因素介导的骨盆支持结构减弱引起的疾病,其主要危险因素是多胎妊娠和阴道分娩,然而POP的病理生理学过程目前尚不清楚。手术是治疗中重度POP的主要方法之一,与子宫骶韧带(uterosacral ligament,USL)相关的术式对恢复顶端支持具有重要作用,且手术成功率高。然而,术后复发和并发症的发生风险依然存在,这主要是因为术者对USL的解剖组织学和生物力学知识缺乏足够了解。准确认识USL的解剖位置和组织构成不仅有助于寻找USL最适合悬吊的位点,还可以避免术中损伤邻近的器官组织,如输尿管、直肠和神经血管等。此外,对USL各部分生物力学性能的全面认识还可以为POP发病机制的研究、预防策略和个性化手术的制定提出新的解决办法。展开更多
Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act of dentistry.Dental features such as tooth morphology and variations in shape and size play a vital role in the area of f...Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act of dentistry.Dental features such as tooth morphology and variations in shape and size play a vital role in the area of forensic odontology.Forensic odontology is a challenging field that involves the application of such knowledge of dental sciences in the identification of deceased individuals.The aim and objective was to assess and evaluate the knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding dental anatomy and histology in forensic investigation among dental practitioners.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 217 dental practitioners from Maharashtra who in their day-to-day life may experience instances of forensic interest.The information was collected through telephonic interview by means of a pretested,close-ended questionnaire.In our stud%the general awareness about forensic odontology was found to be more among MDS dental practitioners than BDS dental practitioners.Overall,there is a lack of adequate legal knowledge and forensic practices among the dentists of Mumbai and Nagpur.However,the practitioners did have a positive attitude toward the field and were keen to learn more about it.The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Maharashtra state of India regarding dental anatomy and histology with respect to forensic odontology.The dental practitioners were also aware about the dental anatomy and dental histology with respect to forensic investigation.展开更多
基金funding from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (HI17C0881)。
文摘Purpose: This study investigated the anatomical and histological characteristics of the rat Eustachian tube(E-tube)and the feasibility of Eustachian tubography in a rat model.Materials and methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were used in this study, and the bilateral E-tubes of each rat were examined. Ten E-tubes were used for anatomical studies, another ten for histological analysis, and the other ten for Eustachian tubography. Five rats were euthanized and decapitated, and ten E-tubes were dissected to describe the anatomy of the E-tube. Ten E-tube specimens obtained from five other rats were sectioned to investigate Etube histology. Eustachian tubography was performed on the bilateral E-tubes of the other five rats using the trans-tympanic approach.Results: The rat E-tubes consisted of bony and membranous parts. Cartilage and bone tissue covered only the bony part. The E-tubes’ mean diameter and overall length were 2.97 mm and 4.96 mm, respectively. The tympanic orifices’ mean diameter was 1.21 mm. The epithelium of E-tubes was mainly composed of pseudostratified ciliated and goblet cells. Eustachian tubography was successfully performed on both sides of the E-tube for each rat.The technical success rate was 100%, the average running time was 4.9 min, and no procedure-related complications occurred. On tubography images, the E-tube, tympanic cavity, and nasopharynx could be identified because of the visualization of bony landmarks.Conclusion: In this study, we described the anatomical and histological features of rat E-tubes. With the aid of these findings, E-tube angiography was successfully performed using a transtympanic approach. These results will facilitate further investigation of E-tube dysfunction.
文摘Emil Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth pioneered the surgical management of thyroid disease. Their surgical techniques, knowledge of thyroid anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and antisepsis practices transitioned a life-threatening operation to one with acceptable morbidity. The modern head and neck surgeon should have a meticulous surgical technique, combined with a thorough understanding of thyroid embryology and anatomy that is central to the understanding and treatment of the different disease processes of the thyroid gland and the consequences of thyroid gland surgery. In this manuscript we will be examining thyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, and physiology that is essential to the practicing thyroid surgeon.
基金Supported by Spanish Carlos Ⅲ Institute Project Grant,No. PI10/00132
文摘AIM:To describe colon anatomy with colonoscopy and computed tomography(CT) to develop a rat model for future studies of therapeutic colonoscopy.METHODS:Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats,on average 400-420 g,underwent total colonoscopy,CT and histological examination.Colonoscopy was performed after bowel preparation with a baby upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with an outer diameter of 6.7 mm.CT obtained a 3D image of total colon after a rectal enema with radiological contrast.Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were examined with a conventional technique(hematoxylin and eosin).Colonic wall thickness,length and diameter measurements were taken from the anus,3,7,14 and 20 cm from the anal margin.RESULTS:The median colonoscope depth was 24 cm(range 20-28 cm).Endoscopic and tomographic study of colon morphology showed an easy access with tubular morphology in the entire left colon(proximal left colon and rectum).Transverse colon was unapparent on colonoscopy.Right colon,proximal to the splenic flexure,was the largest part of the colon and assumed saccular morphology with tangential trabecula.Radiological measurements of the colonic length and diameter substantiate a subdivision of the right colon into two parts,the cecum and distal right colon.In addition,histological measurement of the colonic wall thickness confirmed a progressive decrease from rectum to cecum.The muscular layer was thinner in the proximal left colon.CONCLUSION:The combination of colonoscopy,tomography and histology leads to a better characterization of the entire colon.These data are important for deciding when to perform endoscopic resections or when to induce perforations to apply endoscopic treatments.
文摘Unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from an abnormal parathyroid gland is the origin of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients who have an elevated serum calcium concentration have a problem in one or more of their parathyroid glands. To understand this disease state adequately and provide appropriate treatment, a thorough understanding of parathyroid embryology, anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology is essential. In this manuscript, we review our current understanding of parathyroid gland embryology, anatomy, histology, physiology, and pathophysiology.
文摘盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是一种由多因素介导的骨盆支持结构减弱引起的疾病,其主要危险因素是多胎妊娠和阴道分娩,然而POP的病理生理学过程目前尚不清楚。手术是治疗中重度POP的主要方法之一,与子宫骶韧带(uterosacral ligament,USL)相关的术式对恢复顶端支持具有重要作用,且手术成功率高。然而,术后复发和并发症的发生风险依然存在,这主要是因为术者对USL的解剖组织学和生物力学知识缺乏足够了解。准确认识USL的解剖位置和组织构成不仅有助于寻找USL最适合悬吊的位点,还可以避免术中损伤邻近的器官组织,如输尿管、直肠和神经血管等。此外,对USL各部分生物力学性能的全面认识还可以为POP发病机制的研究、预防策略和个性化手术的制定提出新的解决办法。
文摘Dental anatomy and histology is one of the fundamental subjects and a key to comprehend the act of dentistry.Dental features such as tooth morphology and variations in shape and size play a vital role in the area of forensic odontology.Forensic odontology is a challenging field that involves the application of such knowledge of dental sciences in the identification of deceased individuals.The aim and objective was to assess and evaluate the knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding dental anatomy and histology in forensic investigation among dental practitioners.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 217 dental practitioners from Maharashtra who in their day-to-day life may experience instances of forensic interest.The information was collected through telephonic interview by means of a pretested,close-ended questionnaire.In our stud%the general awareness about forensic odontology was found to be more among MDS dental practitioners than BDS dental practitioners.Overall,there is a lack of adequate legal knowledge and forensic practices among the dentists of Mumbai and Nagpur.However,the practitioners did have a positive attitude toward the field and were keen to learn more about it.The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Maharashtra state of India regarding dental anatomy and histology with respect to forensic odontology.The dental practitioners were also aware about the dental anatomy and dental histology with respect to forensic investigation.