To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in the mixed layer depth(MLD)in the Arctic basins,a new criterion to determine the MLD,called the improved maximum angle method(IMAM),was developed.A total of 45123 potenti...To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in the mixed layer depth(MLD)in the Arctic basins,a new criterion to determine the MLD,called the improved maximum angle method(IMAM),was developed.A total of 45123 potential density profiles collected using Ice-Tethered Profilers(ITPs)in the Arctic basins during 2005-2021 were used to demonstrate the method’s effectiveness.By comparing the results obtained by the fixed threshold method(FTM),percentage threshold method(PTM),and maximum gradient method(MGM)for profiles in the Canada Basin,Makarov Basin,and Eurasian Basin,we determined that the quality index(1.0 for perfect identification of the MLD)of the IMAM regarding the assessment of the MLD determination method reached 0.94,which is much greater than those of other criteria.Moreover,two types of the density profiles were identified based on the mixed layer development stage.The MLDs of the typical profiles determined using the IMAM were found to have better consistency with the original definition.By utilizing the new mixed layer criterion,the seasonal variations and regional differences in the MLD in the Arctic basins were analyzed.Spatially,the summer and winter MLDs in the Canada Basin were the shallowest(13.55 m in summer,26.76 m in winter)than those in the Makarov(29.51 m in summer,49.08 m in winter)and Eurasian(20.36 m in summer,46.81 m in winter)basins due to the stable stratification in the upper ocean and the subsequent small effects of dynamic and thermodynamic processes(wind-driven stirring and brine rejection)in the Canada Basin.Seasonally,in the three Arctic basins,the average MLD was shallowest(22.77 m)in summer;it deepened through autumn and reached a winter maximum(41.12 m).展开更多
We consider the quadrilateral Q1 isoparametric element and establish an optimal error estimate in H^1 norm for the interpolation operator under a weaker mesh condition which admits anisotropic quadrilaterals and allow...We consider the quadrilateral Q1 isoparametric element and establish an optimal error estimate in H^1 norm for the interpolation operator under a weaker mesh condition which admits anisotropic quadrilaterals and allows the quadrilateral to become a regular triangle in the sense of maximum angle condition [5, 11].展开更多
Using the Maxwell's equations, we carry out theoretical analysis on the maximum incident and refractive angles at which negative refraction can be realized at the interfaces associated with conventional uniaxial medi...Using the Maxwell's equations, we carry out theoretical analysis on the maximum incident and refractive angles at which negative refraction can be realized at the interfaces associated with conventional uniaxial media. In the numerical analysis, the largest incident and refractive angles at which refraction arises are obtained by optimizing directions of the optical axis of the uniaxial bicrystal. Meanwhile, the optical parameters of the ordinary uniaxial bicrystals (including homogeneity- junction and heterogeneity-junction) are given, and some representative laser wavelengths, the largest incident and refractive angles are obtained. The relation between the largest incident angles (or refractive angles) and refractive index is also discussed.展开更多
The capture probability of interceptors has been deeply studied.Firstly,the definition of capture probability is analyzed.It is transformed into calculating the probability that the relative position vector between th...The capture probability of interceptors has been deeply studied.Firstly,the definition of capture probability is analyzed.It is transformed into calculating the probability that the relative position vector between the target and the interceptor locates in a certain cone.The relative position vector and associated covariance matrix are projected in line-of-sight coordinates,and the 3-dimensional integral of a probability function in a cone is calculated to obtain the capture probability.The integral equation is a complicated expression of probability,and it is simplified to an explicit approximate expression according to some assumptions based on the characteristics of the engineering problems.The approximation precision is analyzed by comparative simulation difference,which indicates that approximate assumptions are reasonable.Utilizing the explicit expression,the characteristics of capture probability are analyzed respectively with the factors,such as the distance between the interceptor and the target,the precision of relative position vector,the maximum capture distance and the maximum field angle of interceptor seeker.展开更多
The challenge in the practical application of rocking foundations is the estimation of its performance,particularly the rotation angle,during a strong earthquake.In this study,the dynamic rocking behavior for a shallo...The challenge in the practical application of rocking foundations is the estimation of its performance,particularly the rotation angle,during a strong earthquake.In this study,the dynamic rocking behavior for a shallow foundation considering structural response was evaluated through two analytical approaches:the conventional soil-foundation-structure interaction(SFSI)governing equation of a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)structure on a rocking shallow foundation,and the Housner rocking model(i.e.,a rocking rigid block on a rigid base).Both approaches were validated with dynamic centrifuge tests.The test models consisted of a soft soil deposit,a shallow rectangular foundation,and an SDOF structure dominated by a bending behavior.A total of 11 foundation-structure systems and six seismic waves,including recorded earthquake signals and sinusoidal waves,were utilized.The results showed that the conventional SFSI equation well predicted the maximum rotation during strong earthquakes.However,this method was less accurate regarding the rotational phase information and maximum rotation of the foundation during weak earthquakes.On the other hand,although the modified Housner′s rocking model required five parameters relevant to a soil-foundation-structure system,it overestimated the maximum rotation of the foundation when compared with the results from dynamic centrifuge tests.展开更多
Delaunay triangulation is gradually playing an important role in the field of finite element analysis, image recognition, and medical visualization.Considering the quality and partition efficiency, a new Delaunay tria...Delaunay triangulation is gradually playing an important role in the field of finite element analysis, image recognition, and medical visualization.Considering the quality and partition efficiency, a new Delaunay triangulation method based on constrained maximum circumscribed circle is proposed. First, according to two important criteria, the empty circle features and the maximized minimum angle characteristics, we established constrained conditions. Then, we iterated the container vertices, structure triangular face linked lists, and finally got the Delaunay data. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of the improved triangulation dissection method increased by 9.47% compared with traditional triangulation algorithms in irregular triangle vertex data.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018 YFA 0605903,2019 YFC 1509101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976218)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202165005)。
文摘To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in the mixed layer depth(MLD)in the Arctic basins,a new criterion to determine the MLD,called the improved maximum angle method(IMAM),was developed.A total of 45123 potential density profiles collected using Ice-Tethered Profilers(ITPs)in the Arctic basins during 2005-2021 were used to demonstrate the method’s effectiveness.By comparing the results obtained by the fixed threshold method(FTM),percentage threshold method(PTM),and maximum gradient method(MGM)for profiles in the Canada Basin,Makarov Basin,and Eurasian Basin,we determined that the quality index(1.0 for perfect identification of the MLD)of the IMAM regarding the assessment of the MLD determination method reached 0.94,which is much greater than those of other criteria.Moreover,two types of the density profiles were identified based on the mixed layer development stage.The MLDs of the typical profiles determined using the IMAM were found to have better consistency with the original definition.By utilizing the new mixed layer criterion,the seasonal variations and regional differences in the MLD in the Arctic basins were analyzed.Spatially,the summer and winter MLDs in the Canada Basin were the shallowest(13.55 m in summer,26.76 m in winter)than those in the Makarov(29.51 m in summer,49.08 m in winter)and Eurasian(20.36 m in summer,46.81 m in winter)basins due to the stable stratification in the upper ocean and the subsequent small effects of dynamic and thermodynamic processes(wind-driven stirring and brine rejection)in the Canada Basin.Seasonally,in the three Arctic basins,the average MLD was shallowest(22.77 m)in summer;it deepened through autumn and reached a winter maximum(41.12 m).
文摘We consider the quadrilateral Q1 isoparametric element and establish an optimal error estimate in H^1 norm for the interpolation operator under a weaker mesh condition which admits anisotropic quadrilaterals and allows the quadrilateral to become a regular triangle in the sense of maximum angle condition [5, 11].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.60407007, 60377025) the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No.A03Q23), and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.T0104)
文摘Using the Maxwell's equations, we carry out theoretical analysis on the maximum incident and refractive angles at which negative refraction can be realized at the interfaces associated with conventional uniaxial media. In the numerical analysis, the largest incident and refractive angles at which refraction arises are obtained by optimizing directions of the optical axis of the uniaxial bicrystal. Meanwhile, the optical parameters of the ordinary uniaxial bicrystals (including homogeneity- junction and heterogeneity-junction) are given, and some representative laser wavelengths, the largest incident and refractive angles are obtained. The relation between the largest incident angles (or refractive angles) and refractive index is also discussed.
文摘The capture probability of interceptors has been deeply studied.Firstly,the definition of capture probability is analyzed.It is transformed into calculating the probability that the relative position vector between the target and the interceptor locates in a certain cone.The relative position vector and associated covariance matrix are projected in line-of-sight coordinates,and the 3-dimensional integral of a probability function in a cone is calculated to obtain the capture probability.The integral equation is a complicated expression of probability,and it is simplified to an explicit approximate expression according to some assumptions based on the characteristics of the engineering problems.The approximation precision is analyzed by comparative simulation difference,which indicates that approximate assumptions are reasonable.Utilizing the explicit expression,the characteristics of capture probability are analyzed respectively with the factors,such as the distance between the interceptor and the target,the precision of relative position vector,the maximum capture distance and the maximum field angle of interceptor seeker.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)under Grant No.2017R1A5A1014883。
文摘The challenge in the practical application of rocking foundations is the estimation of its performance,particularly the rotation angle,during a strong earthquake.In this study,the dynamic rocking behavior for a shallow foundation considering structural response was evaluated through two analytical approaches:the conventional soil-foundation-structure interaction(SFSI)governing equation of a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)structure on a rocking shallow foundation,and the Housner rocking model(i.e.,a rocking rigid block on a rigid base).Both approaches were validated with dynamic centrifuge tests.The test models consisted of a soft soil deposit,a shallow rectangular foundation,and an SDOF structure dominated by a bending behavior.A total of 11 foundation-structure systems and six seismic waves,including recorded earthquake signals and sinusoidal waves,were utilized.The results showed that the conventional SFSI equation well predicted the maximum rotation during strong earthquakes.However,this method was less accurate regarding the rotational phase information and maximum rotation of the foundation during weak earthquakes.On the other hand,although the modified Housner′s rocking model required five parameters relevant to a soil-foundation-structure system,it overestimated the maximum rotation of the foundation when compared with the results from dynamic centrifuge tests.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51179146)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2010-Ia-050,2011-IV-027)
文摘Delaunay triangulation is gradually playing an important role in the field of finite element analysis, image recognition, and medical visualization.Considering the quality and partition efficiency, a new Delaunay triangulation method based on constrained maximum circumscribed circle is proposed. First, according to two important criteria, the empty circle features and the maximized minimum angle characteristics, we established constrained conditions. Then, we iterated the container vertices, structure triangular face linked lists, and finally got the Delaunay data. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of the improved triangulation dissection method increased by 9.47% compared with traditional triangulation algorithms in irregular triangle vertex data.