Material Removal Mechanism and Force Modeling in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Micro-Grinding Biological Bone

Micro-grinding with a spherical grinding head has been deemed an indispensable method in high-risk surgeries, such as neurosurgery and spine surgery, where bone grinding has long been plagued by the technical bottleneck of mechanical stress-induced crack damage. In response to this challenge, the ultrasound-assisted biological bone micro-grinding novel process with a spherical grinding head has been proposed by researchers. Force modeling is a prerequisite for process parameter determination in orthopedic surgery, and the difculty in establishing and accurately predicting bone micro-grinding force prediction models is due to the geometric distribution of abrasive grains and the dynamic changes in geometry and kinematics during the cutting process. In addressing these critical needs and technical problems, the shape and protrusion heights of the wear particle of the spherical grinding head were frst studied, and the gradual rule of the contact arc length under the action of high-speed rotating ultrasonic vibration was proposed. Second, the mathematical model of the maximum thickness of undeformed chips under ultrasonic vibration of the spherical grinding head was established. Results showed that ultrasonic vibration can reduce the maximum thickness of undeformed chips and increase the range of ductile and bone meal removals, revealing the mechanism of reducing grinding force. Further, the dynamic grinding behavior of diferent layers of abrasive particles under diferent instantaneous interaction states was studied. Finally, a prediction model of micro-grinding force was established in accordance with the relationship between grinding force and cutting depth, revealing the mechanism of micro-grinding force transfer under ultrasonic vibration. The theoretical model’s average deviations are 10.37% in x-axis direction, 6.85% in y-axis direction, and 7.81% in z-axis direction compared with the experimental results. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for clinical bone micro-grinding.

Maximum Force of Inclined Pullout of A Torpedo Anchor in Cohesive Beds

Torpedo anchors have been used in mooring systems for deep-water oil and gas projects owing to their prominent advantages, such as low cost and easy installation. The maximum force of torpedo anchors is crucial not only to the safety and stability of vessels and other marine facilities, but also for an economical design. It is necessary to develop reliable formula for fast predicting their maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor in cohesive beds. In this study, the maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was extensively investigated. 316 sets of inclined pullout laboratory tests were carried out for 9 differently shaped torpedo anchors which were vertically embedded in different cohesive beds. The loading curves were automatically acquisitioned and their characteristics were analyzed. The load angle relative to the horizontal varied from 20° to 90°. A new formula for fast calculating the maximum inclined force of the torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was obtained based on force analysis and a nonlinear regression on the data from the present and other studies. Effect aspects on the tests are discussed and further studies are highlighted.

A theoretical model for the estimation of maximum impact force from a rockfall based on contact theory

Rockfall poses a great threat to buildings and personal security. To understand the dynamic characteristics of rockfalls is a prerequisite for disaster prevention and assessment. Models for rockfalls in different forms are established based on the theory of rigid body motion. The equivalent velocity considering the rotational effect is determined by the energy ratio. Besides, considering plastic deformation and nonlinear hardening, the maximum impact force is estimated based on the Hertz contact theory. Then, a case study is carried out to illustrate the applicability of the model and sensitive analyses on some affecting parameters are also made. Calculation results show that the maximum impact force increases with the increasing of incident velocity, angle and slope gradient reflected by the changing of energy ratio. Moreover, the model for the estimation of maximum impact force is validated by two different scales of experiments and compared with other theoretical models. Simulated maximum impact forces agree well with the experiments.

Theoretical and Numerical Comparison of Limit Point Bifurcation and Maximum Force Criteria. Application to the Prediction of Diffuse Necking

A large number of criteria has been developed to predict material instabilities, but their choice is limited by the lack of existing comparison of their theoretical basis and application domains. To overcome this limitation, a theoretical and numerical comparison of two major models used to predict diffuse necking is present in this paper. Limit Point Bifurcation criterion is first introduced. An original formulation of the Maximum Force Criterion (MFC), taking into account the effects of damage and isotropic and kinematic hardenings, is then proposed. Strong connections are shown between them by comparing their theoretical basis. Numerical Forming Limit Diagrams at diffuse necking obtained with these criteria for different metallic materials are given. They illustrate the theoretical link and similar predictions are shown for both models.

Prediction of a maximum pull-out load of anchor bolts using an optimal combination model

The mixed model of improved exponential and power function and unequal interval gray GM(1,1)model have poor accuracy in predicting the maximum pull-out load of anchor bolts.An optimal combination model was derived using the optimally weighted combination theory and the minimum sum of logarithmic squared errors as the objective function.Two typical anchor bolt pull-out engineering cases were selected to compare the performance of the proposed model with those of existing ones.Results showed that the optimal combination model was suitable not only for the slow P-s curve but also for the steep P-s curve.Its accuracy and stable reliability,as well as its prediction capability classification,were better than those of the other prediction models.Therefore,the optimal combination model is an effective processing method for predicting the maximum pull-out load of anchor bolts according to measured data.

非单频声场中耦合双泡振动特性研究

利用Keller-Miksis方程,计算了初始半径分别为2、5μm的耦合气泡在非单频声场中气泡半径、次Bjerknes力的变化规律.计算结果表明,非单频驱动声场中耦合双泡的半径、次Bjerknes力与驱动声压幅值、声压幅值之比、驱动频率有关.当声压幅值比、驱动频率一定时,驱动声压越大,最大膨胀半径越大、次Bjerknes力越大;驱动声压、驱动频率一定时,声压幅值比越大,最大膨胀半径越大、次Bjerknes力越大;当驱动声压的振幅、声压幅值比一定时,驱动频率越大,最大膨胀半径越小、次Bjerknes力越小.

面向高速PAM4有线收发机的自适应和低复杂度最大似然序列检测器

高速串行收发机是中央处理器、网卡和交换机等高性能芯片的关键部件.判决反馈均衡器(decision feedback equalization,DFE)是高速串行收发机的主要判决电路.针对传统DFE在高码间干扰(intersymbol interference,ISI)信道下的高误码率制约串行收发机速率提升的问题,提出一种面向4电平调制(4 pulse amplitude modulation,PAM4)串行收发机的自适应、低复杂度的减状态序列检测器(adaptive reduced-state sequence detector,ARSSD).ARSSD基于最大似然序列检测结构降低检测误码率;结合Viterbi算法和分区算法降低运算复杂度;采用基于迫零算法的ISI参数获取方式实现检测器参数的自适应更新.所提结构最终完成了行为仿真、电路设计以及系统验证.基于模拟前端芯片和现场可编程门阵列电路的实验结果表明,与传统DFE相比,当12~64 Gbps PAM4信号经过−8~−18 dB@16 GHz衰减信道时,32×4路并行ARSSD检测误码率降低2个数量级,与行为仿真结果一致.

水牛蹄型深海集矿机履齿设计及牵引性能研究

作为深海采矿系统的重要组成部分,深海集矿机的技术研究和开发一直是许多国家的难题。为了提高深海集矿机在稀软沉积物上的牵引性能,基于水牛蹄的曲面结构特征和特殊几何结构,设计了一款仿水牛蹄蹄型履齿。以该款履齿的结构参数为研究对象,通过对朗肯被动土压力理论的优化,得到了仿水牛蹄蹄型履齿的牵引力解析解,建立了对应的履齿仿生参数对履齿牵引力的影响公式。结合正交试验方法进行了不同形式履齿在沉积物上运动的单、多履齿剪切试验,将仿水牛蹄蹄型履齿与直型履齿、仿水牛蹄轮廓履齿(另一种仿生履齿)进行对比试验,并通过模型车试验验证了该款履齿的可行性。结果表明:3种履齿中,仿水牛蹄蹄型履齿提供的最大牵引力最高。研究可为进一步优化仿水牛蹄蹄型履齿结构参数和提高深海稀软底质机械的牵引性能提供参考依据。

复杂岩溶地层大口径DRCP顶管施工试验研究

复杂岩溶地层中大口径顶进施工法用钢筋混凝土管(DRCP)顶进施工过程中的最大顶力值,是顶管施工中最关键的施工控制指标,决定了顶管施工的效率。为了研究复杂岩溶地层大口径DRCP顶进过程中的总顶力变化规律,建立了DRCP顶进过程力平衡模型,并基于贵阳市“汪家大井”水源应急工程的管道工程,开展了岩溶地层中DRCP顶进过程原位试验,对顶管施工过程中的顶管顶力进行实时监测和分析。结果表明:DRCP顶进过程主要分为切削力平衡阶段、顶力渐变平衡阶段和摩阻力平衡阶段;对于岩溶地区的燧石灰岩、灰岩和砂质页岩,采用泥浆减阻的DRCP的平均摩阻力fk分别为:6.06,5.81,3.78 kN/m^(2),在顶管设计和顶进施工的顶力控制中,可以将其乘以安全系数,作为类似顶管工程的取值参考;触变泥浆减阻DRCP在不同岩体顶进过程中的顶进阻力不同,岩石越坚硬,DRCP受到的平均切削力、平均摩阻力和综合摩擦系数越大。提出的复杂岩溶地层大口径DRCP顶力计算方法,对于明晰DRCP顶进施工控制指标,保障施工安全和进度具有重要意义。

基于直接推力控制的直驱波浪发电系统功率优化

为提升系统波能捕获能力,分析浮子受力,以状态空间法近似拟合辐射力,建立直驱式波浪发电系统数学模型。基于最优控制理论,以系统捕获波能为目标函数,在S域求解Hamilton方程,计算奇异最优控制率,经拉氏逆变换后得到理想电磁力信号。结合直接推力控制,设计二阶滑模控制方案,保证电机推力与初级磁链的跟踪效果。仿真结果表明,所提最优功率方案下系统捕获功率高,滑模控制器跟踪误差小、动态性能好,可提高波能转化率,有效降低推力与初级磁链脉动,增强系统鲁棒性。

圆环非线性恢复力的梁约束模型建模

圆环隔振器是一种以圆环结构为基础的非线性隔振器,圆环结构在压缩变形过程中会受到压力和环面拉伸的耦合作用,从而产生非线性恢复力,对圆环结构非线性恢复力的精确建模是研究隔振器性能的关键。将圆环结构等分为多段曲梁,利用梁约束模型对每段曲梁建立计及几何非线性的力-位移关系模型,结合曲梁间的力传递关系和几何约束关系,建立了圆环整体在压缩过程中的非线性恢复力模型,并计算了圆环变形过程中所有分段点处的正应力。通过电子伺服疲劳试验机对圆环结构在压缩过程中的恢复力进行了测量,验证了梁约束模型的建模精度。研究结果表明,利用梁约束模型可以表征圆环结构非线性恢复力特性,其建模精度与椭圆积分法相当,而模型表达式和求解过程都比椭圆积分法简洁。圆环在压缩量最大时正应力最大,此时最大正应力在圆环的上下端点。梁约束模型的建模精度随着分段数的增加而提高,当分段数大于12时,梁约束模型的恢复力计算误差小于2%。

基于参数自适应的RSSD-CYCBD及在轴承外圈故障特征提取中的应用

针对滚动轴承工作环境复杂、故障特征信号易被高强度噪声掩盖的问题,提出了基于参数自适应的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用人工大猩猩部队优化算法(GTO),结合相关系数与相关峭度的融合指标,自适应选择RSSD分解参数,得到了仿真信号的最优低共振分量;然后,利用GTO结合包络熵,自适应选择CYCBD的循环频率和滤波器长度,对最优低共振分量进行了解卷积运算,从包络谱中获得了信号的故障特征频率;最后,利用美国凯斯西储大学试验台和MFS-MG机械故障综合模拟试验台数据,综合验证了该方法的有效性,并将试验结果与RSSD-MCKD方法的结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,该方法能够准确地得到仿真信号的故障频率为20 Hz、美国凯斯西储大学试验台近似故障频率为107.5 Hz、MFS-MG试验台近似故障频率为87.6 Hz。自适应RSSD-CYCBD方法能够有效地识别出故障特征频率及其倍频,实现滚动轴承故障诊断的目的。

电力线路跨越铁路断线路线冲击力仿真研究

研究目的:跨越铁路的电力线路在风载荷及覆冰作用下会出现断线落线情况,威胁铁路的运行安全。本文针对该问题开展研究,建立了柔性导线结构断线模型,得到了跨越铁路的电力线路断线路线冲击暂态过程,获得了挂线点高度、交叉角度对断线冲击力及冲击应力的影响规律。研究结论:(1)断线冲击力随着挂线点升高而增大,对于35 kV电力导线,挂线点高度为120 m时,碰撞力幅值接近20 kN;(2)断线冲击力随着电力线路与铁路线路的交叉角度的增加而减小,交叉角度从15°增加至90°时,碰撞力减小近50%;(3)结合本文的研究方法,计算获得京张铁路110 kV电力线路断线与防护结构的冲击力13 kN,35 kV电力线路断线落线碰撞力8.4 kN,该数据设计了防护结构的横梁布局,同时上述成果可为电力线路防护棚洞强度设计提供数据支持。

船桥撞击力的神经网络预测与经验公式研究

为了减少船舶与桥梁撞击对人身和财产安全造成的危害,研究船舶与桥梁撞击力的最大值及其与其他影响因素之间的关系具有十分重要的意义。该文首先利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了船舶撞桥的有限元模型,计算了不同撞击速度和撞击角度下船桥撞击力的最大值,并将计算结果与各国规范进行比较;然后,利用反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络技术,结合仿真计算数据,在最大撞击力值、撞击速度和撞击角度这3个训练参数下,创建了船桥最大撞击力的预测模型;最后,通过分析撞击速度和角度的散点图,拟合了1个最大撞击力与撞击速度和角度关系的经验公式,并将经验公式、有限元仿真计算结果和神经网络预测结果进行比较,验证了经验公式的准确性。该研究为快速评估船桥撞击是否会导致灾难性后果提供了1种有效的方法。

飞机牵引车制动操作对前起落架影响的分析

为保障无拖把飞机牵引车在制动工况作业下能够安全稳定地进行,避免对飞机前起落架造成永久性损坏,以GTL160型号国产无拖把飞机牵引车和波音737-800型民航客机为研究对象,受力分析后,由Soildworks建立车-机3D模型,导入Adams进行动力学仿真,研究了直线和转弯运动制动操作时前起落架所受到的最大限度载荷。结果表明:由于制动力增加,前起落架各部件冲击及所受载荷增加。可见在实际操作工况下,飞机前起落架不可超过其部件的最大受载。

一种运动防护用具适用的杜仲胶配比优化及特性分析

为提高护具的防护性能,试验通过硫化交联软化的方式对杜仲胶配比优化制备一种复合胶材料,并研究硫磺添加份数对材料性能的影响。结果表明,在复合胶材料中添加适量的硫磺,可以提高其交联程度,使其硬度减小,冲击防护性能提高。当在复合胶材料中添加1phr硫磺时,材料的硬度和拉伸强度分别为40HD、31.4MPa,最大传递冲击力降幅达到11.6%,冲击力持续时间得到延长,材料具备较好的冲击防护性能。该复合胶材料在体育防护用具中应用时,材料在多次冲击后的冲击防护性能依然良好。

回形管接头的装配性能研究与分析

基于回形管接头与回形管的直线段长度对该结构装配性能的影响展开分析,以应力值、最大接触压力和压装力作为评价依据,采用有限元仿真分析的方法进行研究。随着直线段长度逐渐增加,接头和回形管的应力值逐渐减小,接头、回形管中的应力最大值比最小值分别大650%与295.2%;内衬、外衬的最大接触压力也在逐渐减小,内衬、外衬的最大接触压力的最大值比最小值分别大384.9%与290.2%;压装力逐渐减小,其中最大值比最小值大678.8%。研究表明:直线段长度的变化对结构装配性能的影响显著。

视频引伸计在螺纹钢力学性能检测中的应用

针对某公司生产的螺纹钢筋,采用视频引伸计自动测量规定的塑性延伸强度RP0.2、最大力总延伸率Agt、断后伸长率A这三个力学性能指标。结果表明:视频引伸计采用非接触式测试,可时刻跟踪标距的变化,测试结果与人工测试结果接近。

选矸机器人高速并联机构伺服驱动选型研究

为了实现煤矸的高效分选,基于选矸机器人结构及工作原理,在建立并联机构位移、速度、加速度、转矩、等效转动惯量数学模型和选矸运动轨迹规划的基础上,提出了一种用于煤矸分选的三自由度串并混联机器人的伺服电机选型方法:计算分析了选矸过程中机器人主动关节速度、转矩、等效转动惯量和功率的变化分布;针对速度、转矩、等效转动惯量随机构位形改变连续变化的问题,提出根据最大瞬时功率初步选取伺服电机,然后参考关节最大转速和电机允许最大转速选取减速器减速比,结合电机转矩特性曲线进行功能校验的伺服电机选型方法;指出在设计过程中应尽量选取大速比减速器,以减小电机负载惯量比,降低惯量波动干扰,提高系统控制响应速度和运行稳定性。测试和应用结果表明:设计开发的选矸机器人作业周期为1s,横向选矸推力达25kg。该机器人发挥并联机构可实现高速、高刚度的结构特性,结合串联机构工作空间大、结构简单的优势,适于高效煤矸分选,且已成功应用于多条选煤生产线的中、大块矸石分选,长期连续工作运行稳定。研究为机器人伺服驱动系统设计提供了有益的参考。

布地格福吸入气雾剂联合乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床效果

目的:探究布地格福吸入气雾剂联合乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床效果。方法:选取2023年1—10月孝感市第一人民医院收治的88例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者。根据随机数表法将其分为常规组和观察组,各44例。常规组给予布地格福吸入气雾剂,观察组在对照组基础上给予乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片。比较两组治疗前后肺功能、气道重塑指标,临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))/FVC%均升高,观察组FVC、PEF、FEV_(1)/FVC%均高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组气道壁厚度/外径比值(TDR)、气道面积/总横截面积比值(WA)均降低,观察组TDR、WA均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期采取布地格福吸入气雾剂联合乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片治疗的效果显著,可明显改善患者肺功能,对抗气道重塑。