Validation of the Chinese Version of the Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire (AFFEXX-C)

Despite the well-established benefits of regular physical activity(PA)on health,a large proportion of the world population does not achieve the recommended level of regular PA.Although affective experiences toward PA may play a key role to foster a sustained engagement in PA,they have been largely overlooked and crudely measured in the existing studies.To address this shortcoming,the Affective Exercise Experiences(AFFEXX)questionnaire has been developed to measure such experiences.Specifically,this questionnaire was developped to assess the following three domains:antecedent appraisals(e.g.,liking vs.disliking exercise in groups),core affective exercise experiences(i.e.,pleasure vs.displeasure,energy vs.tiredness,and calmness vs.tension),and exercise motivation(i.e.,attraction vs.antipathy toward exercise).The current study aimed to validate a Chinese version of the AFFEXX questionnaire(AFFEXX-C).In study 1,722 Chinese college students provided data for analyses of factorial,convergent,discriminant,criterion validity,and test-retest reliability of the AFFEXX-C.In addition,1,300 college students were recruited in study 2 to further validate its structural model.Results showed that the AFFEXX-C demonstrates a goodfit and reliability.Additionally,results further supported the hypothesized model based on previous research:antecedent appraisals predicted core affective exercise experiences,which in turn predicted attraction-antipathy toward physical exercise.The AFFEXX-C was found to be a reliable and valid measure of affective exercise experiences in a population of Chinese college students.

Exercise cardiac power and the risk of heart failure in men:A population-based follow-up study

Background:Little is known about exercise cardiac power(ECP),defined as the ratio of directly measured maximal oxygen uptake with peak systolic blood pressure during exercise,on heart failure(HF)risk.We examined the association of ECP and the risk of HF.Methods:This was a population-based cohort study of 2351 men from eastern Finland.The average time to follow-up was 25 years.Participants participated at baseline in an exercise stress test.A total of 313 cases of HF occurred.Results:Men with low ECP(<9.84 mL/mmHg,the lowest quartile)had a 2.37-fold(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.68-3.35,p<0.0001)hazards ratio of HF as compared with men with high ECP(>13.92 mL/mmHg,the highest quartile),after adjusting for age.Low ECP was associated with a 1.96-fold risk(95%CI:1.38-2.78,p<0.001)of HF after additional adjustment for conventional risk factors.After further adjustment for left ventricular hypertrophy,the results hardly changed(hazards ratio=1.87,95%CI:1.31-2.66,p<0.001).One SD increase in ECP(3.16 mL/mmHg)was associated with a decreased risk of HF by 28%(95%CI:17%-37%).Conclusion:ECP provides a noninvasive and easily available measure from cardiopulmonary exercise tests in predicting HF.However,ECP did not provide additional value over maximal oxygen uptake.

A Bifactor Analysis Approach to Construct Validity and Reliability of the Affective Exercise Experience Questionnaire among Chinese College Students

Affective exercise experience as an emerging theoretical concept has great potential to provide a more nuanced understanding of individual factors that influence exercise behavior.However,concerning the Affective Exercise Experiences(AFFEXX)questionnaire,it has not been examined yet whether the structural score of the AFFEXX is a useful index to predict physical activity(refers to any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure).Furthermore,there is currently a gap in knowledge regarding the psychological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between affective exercise experiences and the level of physical activity(PA).In order to adress these gaps in the literature,we conducted two studies among Chinese collge students that aimed(i)to investigated whether the total score of the three AFFEXX-C constructs(antecedent appraisals,core affective exercise experiences,and attraction-antipathy towards exercise)is a relaible indicator that can be utilized in research and pratical settings and(ii)to evalute the specific psychological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between affective exercise experience and PA.In Study 1,we recruited 801 voluntary Chinese college students for bifactor and correlational analyses.In Study 2,875 Chinese college students were enrolled to verify our findings from Study 1 and to explore the aforementioned mechanism.Results from the bifactor analyses supported our hypothesis that the total scores of the three AFFEXX-C constructs can be used among Chinese college students to establish a link with PA.Additionally,our results suggested that core affective exercise experiences and attraction-antipathy mediated the relationship between antecedent appraisals and the level of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA.Therefore,measuring affective exercise experiences using the AFFEXX-C,specifically the total scores of each individual construct may be a useful approach to predict future PA levels.

Affective responses to supervised 10-week programs of resistance exercise in older adults

Background:Resistance exercise has numerous,well-documented benefits on the health and functional performance of older adults.However,little information exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this population.As affective responses can predict continued exercise behavior,examining if and how they differ between resistance exercise intensities and frequencies in older adults may provide important data to improve resistance exercise prescription.Methods:We monitored the affective responses of older adults when performing high-velocity,low-load(HVLL)or low-velocity,high-load(LVHL)resistance exercise once or twice weekly.A total of 40 moderately to highly active,but resistance-exercise naïve,older adults(60-79 years)completed 1 of 4 randomly assigned progressive resistance exercise conditions:HVLL once weekly(HVLL1:n=10),HVLL twice weekly(HVLL2:n=10),LVHL once weekly(LVHL1:n=10),or LVHL twice weekly(LVHL2:n=10).The Physical Activity Affect Scale,Felt Arousal Scale,Feeling Scale,rating of perceived exertion,Visual Analog Scale,and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale were used to assess enjoyment and affective responses.Results:The results from Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(out of 35)suggest that all exercise conditions were largely and similarly enjoyable to older adults(HVLL1:30.9±2.4;LVHL1:31.9±3.6;HVLL2:30.9±3.5;LVHL2:30.2±3.7)despite greater fatigue(p=0.033;ηp^2p=0.22)and perceived workload(p=0.042;ηp^2=0.20)in LVHL(results from Visual Analog Scale).Conclusion:Moderately to highly physically active older adults may tolerate higher intensities of resistance exercise performed once or twice weekly without experiencing a negative impact on enjoyment.However,the role that supervision and social interaction played in shaping the participants’responses is unclear.

Last Shakespeare Plays Directed by Yukio Ninagawa： Possessed by the Power of Theater

Yukio Ninagawa （1935-2016） was expected to achieve in a few years the great milestone of directing the complete collection of Shakespeare plays in new Japanese translations. This paper reconsiders Ninagawa＇s direction from a global/local perspective with a special focus on several last works directed by him： Richard II, performed by young players of the Saitama Next Theater in February 2012, which was especially intended for the local Japanese audience; Ninagawa Macbeth, which was performed in September 2015 and was a revival of the director＇s internationally-acclaimed production, first performed in Japan in 1980 and abroad in 1985 onwards; and Two Gentlemen of Verona, the thirty-first in his series of Shakespeare plays and seventh in his series of Shakespeare plays with all-male casts, in October 2015. His last plays were not as perfect as he was still experimenting. This paper concludes, however, that while possessed by the power of theater, his direction emits its magical and subversive power and suggestion to give the audience vital energy to live in this world of tough conflicts. He continued to hope to make global and local spectators wonder at the plays he directed.

Exploring the Impact of Factors Affecting the Lifespan of HIVs/AIDS Patient’s Survival: An Investigation Using Advanced Statistical Techniques

This study investigates the impact of various factors on the lifespan and diagnostic time of HIV/AIDS patients using advanced statistical techniques. The Power Chris-Jerry (PCJ) distribution is applied to model CD4 counts of patients, and the goodness-of-fit test confirms a strong fit with a p-value of 0.6196. The PCJ distribution is found to be the best fit based on information criteria (AIC and BIC) with the smallest negative log-likelihood, AIC, and BIC values. The study uses datasets from St. Luke hospital Uyo, Nigeria, containing HIV/AIDS diagnosis date, age, CD4 count, gender, and opportunistic infection dates. Multiple linear regression is employed to analyze the relationship between these variables and HIV/AIDS diagnostic time. The results indicate that age, CD4 count, and opportunistic infection significantly impact the diagnostic time, while gender shows a nonsignificant relationship. The F-test confirms the model's overall significance, indicating the factors are good predictors of HIV/AIDS diagnostic time. The R-squared value of approximately 72% suggests that administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) can improve diagnostic time by suppressing the virus and protecting the immune system. Cox proportional hazard modeling is used to examine the effects of predictor variables on patient survival time. Age and CD4 count are not significant factors in the hazard of HIV/AIDS diagnostic time, while opportunistic infection is a significant predictor with a decreasing effect on the hazard rate. Gender shows a strong but nonsignificant relationship with decreased risk of death. To address the violation of the assumption of proportional hazard, the study employs an assumption-free alternative, Aalen’s model. In the Aalen model, all predictor variables except age and gender are statistically significant in relation to HIV/AIDS diagnostic time. The findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing diagnostic time and survival of HIV/AIDS patients, which can inform interventions aimed at reducing transmission and improving early diagnosis and treatment. The Power Chris-Jerry distribution proves to be a suitable fit for modeling CD4 counts, while multiple linear regression and survival analysis techniques provide insights into the relationships between predictor variables and diagnostic time. These results contribute to the understanding of HIV/AIDS patient outcomes and can guide public health interventions to enhance early detection, treatment, and care.

Exploring the Impact of Factors Affecting the Lifespan of HIVs/AIDS Patient’s Survival: An Investigation Using Advanced Statistical Techniques

This study investigates the impact of various factors on the lifespan and diagnostic time of HIV/AIDS patients using advanced statistical techniques. The Power Chris-Jerry (PCJ) distribution is applied to model CD4 counts of patients, and the goodness-of-fit test confirms a strong fit with a p-value of 0.6196. The PCJ distribution is found to be the best fit based on information criteria (AIC and BIC) with the smallest negative log-likelihood, AIC, and BIC values. The study uses datasets from St. Luke hospital Uyo, Nigeria, containing HIV/AIDS diagnosis date, age, CD4 count, gender, and opportunistic infection dates. Multiple linear regression is employed to analyze the relationship between these variables and HIV/AIDS diagnostic time. The results indicate that age, CD4 count, and opportunistic infection significantly impact the diagnostic time, while gender shows a nonsignificant relationship. The F-test confirms the model's overall significance, indicating the factors are good predictors of HIV/AIDS diagnostic time. The R-squared value of approximately 72% suggests that administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) can improve diagnostic time by suppressing the virus and protecting the immune system. Cox proportional hazard modeling is used to examine the effects of predictor variables on patient survival time. Age and CD4 count are not significant factors in the hazard of HIV/AIDS diagnostic time, while opportunistic infection is a significant predictor with a decreasing effect on the hazard rate. Gender shows a strong but nonsignificant relationship with decreased risk of death. To address the violation of the assumption of proportional hazard, the study employs an assumption-free alternative, Aalen’s model. In the Aalen model, all predictor variables except age and gender are statistically significant in relation to HIV/AIDS diagnostic time. The findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing diagnostic time and survival of HIV/AIDS patients, which can inform interventions aimed at reducing transmission and improving early diagnosis and treatment. The Power Chris-Jerry distribution proves to be a suitable fit for modeling CD4 counts, while multiple linear regression and survival analysis techniques provide insights into the relationships between predictor variables and diagnostic time. These results contribute to the understanding of HIV/AIDS patient outcomes and can guide public health interventions to enhance early detection, treatment, and care.

Exercising Government Power in the Interest of the People——In celebration of the 55th founding anniversary of the People's Republic of China

The story goes back to October 24, 2003 when Xiong Dem-ing, a woman living in a poverty-stricken village in southwest China, was on herway back home with a sack of pig feed on her shoulder. She happened to meet Premier Wen Jiabao, who was visiting her village in Yunyang County, Chongqing

Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits

Physical exercise, whether aerobic, endurance or resistance types, plays a central role in establishing and maintaining the integrity of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). When exercise is adhered to in conjunction with selective food/drink intake and dietary restriction, it promotes neurohealth. In this article, we review the interactions of age and gender, as well as insulin and diabetes, with exercise, individuals’ cognitive-affective status and its interactions with exercise propensity, all of which modulate the eventual outcomes of the influence of exercise upon parameters of neurohealth. The combination of exercise with dietary restriction provides numerous factors pertaining to psychological, neurochemical and anti-pathological manifestations of neu-rophysiological resilience even through aging. The challenge evoked by the exercise-diet combination in the body mobilizes a multitude of adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, DNA-repair proteins, macroautophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis.

The effects of oral smokeless tobacco administration on endurance performance

Background： Smokeless tobacco is widely used by athletes to enhance performance. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts on cardiocirculatory and metabolic systems, involving tissue blood flow and circulatory vasoreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral smokeless tobacco （Swedish snus （SS）） on the perception of fatigue and time to exhaustion （TTE） during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Methods： Fourteen healthy non-tobacco male users were recruited for a double-blind, controlled crossover design （SS vs. snus placebo （SP））. Subjects were tested for 3 sessions： experimental session 1 （Exp 1） consisted of an incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power out-put （Wmax）, whereas Exp2 and Exp3 consisted of exercising at 65%Wmax until exhaustion in SS or SP conditions. During Exp2 and Exp3, muscle and cerebral oxygenation was assessed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, and the rating of perceived exertion （RPE） was recorded. Results： Comparing SS with SP tests, significant differences （p 〈 0.05） were found in the values of cerebral （-3%） and muscular tissues oxygenation （-4%） in the first 30 min of exercise. The RPE values were not significantly different between the 2 conditions （SS vs. SP）. No significant difference was found in TTE （SS： 54.25 ± 21.84 min; SP： 50.01 ± 17.03 min）. Conclusion： This study showed that muscular and cerebral oxygenation increased significantly with snus administration during an endurance exercise until exhaustion, but this did not affect fatigue perception and TTE. The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Effect of Laser Power on the Cladding Temperature Field and the Heat Affected Zone

H13 powder is cladded on steel P20 （base） by continuous COe laser, and the influence of technological pa rameters such as the laser power is analyzed. The 3-D model of synchronous powder feeding is built under Gauss heat source. The simulative results in the heat affected zone are compared with the experimental ones, and the average er rors of width and depth are 15% and 4.5%, respectively. It is found that the simulative results provide basic data for investigating of laser cladding further.

Multiplex PCR:a powerful and affordable tool for laboratory and field analysis in developing countries

To the editor,Since the introduction of multiplex-PCR(mPCR)in1988,this technique has emerged as a highly efficient and sensitive molecular tool for nucleic acid-based diagnosis and monitoring,it is applicable to a broad range of physiological,metabolic and infectious conditions affecting human。

关于应用功率负荷参数指导运动健康干预的初步探索及实用方案

目的:通过开展应用功率负荷参数指导运动健康干预的初步探索实验,探究可实施的应用功率负荷参数指导运动健康干预的实用方案。方法:基于本团队前期利用S-TAG等可穿戴实时功率监测设备所进行的功率负荷运动健康干预的初步探索工作,评估功率负荷强度方案的可行性与有效性,结合相关文献及国内外既往经验,形成最终的运动健康干预方案。结果:不同风险水平的人群基于使用S-TAG所进行功率负荷指导的运动干预,心肺耐力均获得了改善,且改善效果与传统方法相当。在此基础上,本文总结出应用功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案,包括形成干预前健康筛查和风险评估、体质测试、功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案和常见不良事件的处置方法。建议:在不同健康水平人群中,运动功率作为运动强度指标指导运动健康干预的方案需规范、个体化;关注运动干预过程中常见不良事件,并在发生时及时处理。

功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案效果的系统评价研究

目的:形成一套应用功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案进行效果评价的系统方案,为从事相应运动干预工作的医师、康复治疗师、数据服务人员及科研工作者提供参考。方法:基于运动功率负荷统一计算理论,结合我国现阶段不同心血管疾病风险人群(包括健康人群、心血管疾病风险人群、患有心血管疾病及其他慢性疾病人群、患有心血管疾病及伴有并发症人群)的特点及现状,制订针对上述人群的以功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案,并通过随访了解干预效果。结果:总结出了一套针对不同心血管风险水平的人群,在运动功率实时监测情况下开展特定场景下的运动健康干预过程中的评价方案。这一方案既包含对接受运动干预的参与者运动后生理、心理和社会方面的获益及潜在损伤方面的评价,也包含配套软硬件在使用体验层面的评价,同时涉及到方案推广中存在的卫生经济学方面的收益与风险。

专业人员进行功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案的培训实践

目的:针对采用功率负荷参数开展运动健康干预指导活动的机构和人员,研制一套简便易行的培训方案。方法:总结本团队自身前期实施以功率负荷参数为指导的运动健康干预活动过程中,在培训机构选择、专业人员要求、授课形式、授课内容方面的经验和教训,结合主动健康、运动医学、临床医学理论等相关知识,得出具体培训方案。结果:形成了涵盖培训目的、培训阶段和方式及培训内容等方面的详细培训体系,供有志于从事以功率负荷参数为指导的运动健康干预服务人员参考。

数字时代的情感劳动:大粉在饭圈文化中的权力建构与行使路径

通过网络民族志,立足于资本理论和权力理论,可深入探讨粉丝社群中的大粉群体在网络空间的情感劳动实践。大粉的情感劳动、权力建构、权力行使三者环环相扣。大粉作为偶像和普通粉丝沟通的桥梁,在进行情感劳动时积累四种粉丝资本,在各类粉丝资本转化和再生产过程中获得粉丝社群内部权力,并在上、下两个向度针对偶像与普通粉丝行使权力。通过分析大粉群体的情感劳动和权力运行过程,可为解决“饭圈”乱象提供新的思路。

食品安全风险监测计划何以高效决策?——基于组织规范构造的视角

食品安全风险监测计划决策的时效性、科学性乃至执行效率,往往受制于相关政府职能部门的组织机构建制水平。有必要基于组织规范构造的视角,围绕所涉政府职能部门的权责配置与职权行使事项,来系统性约束和保障其机构能力。一方面,应针对专有权责与共有权责来设定其权责配置规范,以彰显相应职能部门在该类决策过程中的差异性决策设计与多元化决策考量。另一方面,应针对监测计划设置与监测信息传递来设定其职权行使规范,以厘清相应职能部门在该类决策过程中的内部决策定位与外部决策整合。最终尝试依托复合决策维度中、决策要素驱动下的协同履职,来明晰实现高效决策的可行规范进路。

高强度运动状态下肌肉力量指标数据提取方法

与一般运动状态不同,在高强度运动状态下,由于肌肉力量数据指标特征复杂,数据转化效果差,导致指标数据提取结果与运动状态适配度低。设计一种针对高强度运动状态下的肌肉力量指标提取方法。使用等速肌力测试法,设计优化的肌肉力量测试流程,对肌肉力量测试数据转化,将复杂指标特征约束简单化;采用归一化平均提取方法,提取关键肌肉力量指标,实现高强度运动状态下肌肉力量指标数据提取。实验结果表明,该方法可提高肌肉力量数据的提取质量,数据剔除率低,保证了肌肉力量指标提取结果与运动状态的适配性。