Report on the Work of NPC Standing Committee 2016(Extract)

Major Initiatives of 2015A.We made new strides in key areas of legislation The law is of great value in the governance of a country,and good laws are a prerequisite for good governance.Focusing on the key task of raising the quality of legislation,we channeled great effort into advancing legislation in key areas.Large in number,

Derivation of Plastic Work Rate Done per Unit Volume for Mean Yield Criterion and Its Application

In Haigh Westergaard stress space linear combination of twin shear stress and Tresca yield functions is called the mean yield （MY） criterion. The mathematical relationship of the criterion and its plastic work rate done per unit volume were derived. A generalized worked example of slab forging was analyzed by the criterion and its corresponding plastic work rate done per unit volume. Then, the precision of the solution was compared with those by Mises and Twin shear stress yield criterions, respectively. It turned out that the calculated results by MY criterion were in good agreement with those by Mises criterion.

Soft-sensing modeling and intelligent optimal control strategy for distillation yield rate of atmospheric distillation oil refining process

It is a challenge to conserve energy for the large-scale petrochemical enterprises due to complex production process and energy diversification. As critical energy consumption equipment of atmospheric distillation oil refining process, the atmospheric distillation column is paid more attention to save energy. In this paper, the optimal problem of energy utilization efficiency of the atmospheric distillation column is solved by defining a new energy efficiency indicator - the distillation yield rate of unit energy consumption from the perspective of material flow and energy flow, and a soft-sensing model for this new energy efficiency indicator with respect to the multiple working conditions and intelligent optimizing control strategy are suggested for both increasing distillation yield and decreasing energy consumption in oil refining process. It is found that the energy utilization efficiency level of the atmospheric distillation column depends closely on the typical working conditions of the oil refining process, which result by changing the outlet temperature, the overhead temperature, and the bottom liquid level of the atmospheric pressure tower. The fuzzy C-means algorithm is used to classify the typical operation conditions of atmospheric distillation in oil refining process. Furthermore, the LSSVM method optimized with the improved particle swarm optimization is used to model the distillation rate of unit energy consumption. Then online optimization of oil refining process is realized by optimizing the outlet temperature, the overhead temperature with IPSO again. Simulation comparative analyses are made by empirical data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Means of Choice for Interactive Management of Dynamic Geometry Problems Based on Instrumented Behaviour

Our paper presents a project that involves two research questions: does the choice of a related problem by the tutorial system allow the problem solving process which is blocked for the student to be restarted? What information about learning do related problems returned by the system provide us? We answer the first question according to the didactic engineering, whose mode of validation is internal and based on the confrontation between an a priori analysis and an a posteriori analysis that relies on data from experiments in schools. We consider the student as a subject whose adaptation processes are conditioned by the problem and the possible interactions with the computer environment, and also by his knowledge, usually implicit, of the institutional norms that condition his relationship with geometry. Choosing a set of good problems within the system is therefore an essential element of the learning model. Since the source of a problem depends on the student’s actions with the computer tool, it is necessary to wait and see what are the related to problems that are returned to him before being able to identify patterns and assess the learning. With the simultaneity of collecting and analysing interactions in each class, we answer the second question according to a grounded theory analysis. By approaching the problems posed by the system and the designs in play at learning blockages, our analysis links the characteristics of problems to the design components in order to theorize on the decisional, epistemological, representational, didactic and instrumental aspects of the subject-milieu system in interaction.

An Analysis of General Secretary Xi Important Exposition on Poverty Alleviation

The general secretary Xi has made a comprehensive and profound exposition on the work of helping the poor.Its theoretical dimension is:taking Marx's anti-poverty thought as the cornerstone of theory,taking China's traditional culture as the beneficial nourishment and the characteristic socialism's theory of helping the poor as an extension field;the practical significance lies in that the good life should be the focal point of the poverty alleviation practice and the common prosperity as the poverty alleviation.The value orientation of practice,the precise poverty alleviation as the era strategy of poverty alleviation practice,and the support of the will and wisdom as the power source of poverty alleviation practice.

使命感对民警任务绩效的影响机制

使命感对于坚守在公安战线上的广大民警具有重要意义。基于自我决定理论,通过对收集的406份相关数据,采用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型开展分析,探讨了使命感对民警任务绩效的作用机理。研究显示,使命感通过工作意义的中介作用对民警的任务绩效产生正向影响,而工作意义要通过组织认同和工作投入两条路径作用于民警的任务绩效。研究结果可以为改进公安管理工作、提高民警工作效能提供理论依据。

基于语料库的《政府工作报告》英译本情态动词的人际意义研究

情态是表达人际意义的重要语义系统。《政府工作报告》英译本受到学界广泛关注,但大多数研究集中在原文和各种译本之间的比较上,对于翻译所传达的主次人际意义鲜有深入讨论。鉴于此,基于自建语料库,运用Halliday的功能语法,从情态动词的角度对2013—2024年《政府工作报告》英译本中不同语态进行分析,发现:(1)在《政府工作报告》英译本中,非中动态主动句是主要传达政府情态意义的句式;(2)《政府工作报告》英译本中we will、we should和we must占比分别为36.83%、6.75%和3.11%,其中主要人际意义以we will和we should为主,体现了对英语读者阅读习惯的尊重,传达了中国政府谦虚低调的态度和团结带领中国人民共同发展的强烈意愿,而次要人际意义以we must为主,强化了中国政府的严肃性和权威性。通过情态动词的人际意义分析可为翻译实践提供一些参考,有助于译者更好地传达政治经济文本所期望传递的人际意义。

赋能学校科层制对教师职业倦怠的影响:有调节的中介模型

为探究赋能学校科层制与教师职业倦怠的关系,研究采用赋能学校科层制量表、教师职业倦怠量表和工作意义量表对1 120名教师进行问卷调查。结果表明:赋能学校科层制、教师工作意义感与教师职业倦怠呈显著负相关,赋能学校科层制与教师工作意义感呈显著正相关;教师工作意义感在赋能学校科层制与教师职业倦怠之间具有部分中介作用;教龄在以教师工作意义感为中介的赋能学校科层制与教师职业倦怠的关系中具有调节作用,调节中介模型的前半路径,即随着教龄增加,赋能学校科层制对教师工作意义感的正向预测作用呈降低趋势。研究结论为建立健全赋能学校科层制,有效缓解教师职业倦怠具有参考意义。

现实题材影视作品的美育意义探究

影视作品肩负着传承中华优秀传统文化、弘扬新时代不屈精神、助力国家文化经济融合发展的重要职责。现实题材影视作品以其独特的题材魅力,深入社会生活,展现世间百态,弘扬时代精神,着力为国家写史、为民族塑像、为时代明德。随着社会不断发展,人们的价值观逐渐受到多种因素影响,导致文化观念与物质观念被异化。基于此,该文通过运用比较研究法,将现实题材影视作品与历史题材进行对比,通过分析其差异质化出现实题材影视作品的内核及构成要素,同时选取当下热门现实题材影视作品进行内容分析,以案例中的美育意义反映当下社会文化、审美、教育的现状,旨在探究现实题材影视作品的美育意义,优化现实题材影视作品的美育功能。

文化互鉴视角下英美文学作品赏析方法研究

在界定文化互鉴和文学赏析概念的基础上,借鉴前人的经验和成果,从文化互鉴视角探讨以汉语为母语的读者赏析英美文学作品的方法。对以汉语为母语的读者而言,在赏析英美文学作品时,首先要忠实作品原意,消除文化隔阂对作品赏析的影响;其次要巧用归化与异化的方法,融入中国本土文化;再次要根据原作特定的表意语言,对接本土文化;从次要解析作品的方言和戏剧性独白,呈现出原作的文化特色;最后是要尊重原作的创作背景,感知作品文化艺术之美。同时也期望以上方法为以汉语为母语的读者品读、鉴赏英美文学作品时提供借鉴。

SPECIAL ISSUE： A DISCUSSION ON THE SOURCE OF MEANING OF LITERARY WORKS The Relational Attributes of the Meaning of Literary Works

The meaning of literary works arises from the reception and transformation of the works by their receivers. It is through understanding via experience that this work-receiver relationship is realized in literary reception. In literary reception, meaning assumes multiple forms, including the perceptual and experiential form, the universal and general form, and the historical and continuous form. The realistic foundation of meaning is pluralistic; it is the unfolding of structurality and contextuality of the real history in literary reception and transformation. The reality＇s deconstruction and construction of the historical structure appear in the form of specific issues and draw the attention of reception, and give rise to the expectation of meaning in this reception. The reception of meaning is based on such an expectation, so the meaning is constrained by the already existing expectation. Meaning has non-linguisticity, which comes from the non-linguisticity of the implications of literary works and that of literary reception, and is revealed in the interaction of the two in the receptive relations. The non-linguistic meaning is universal.

正念型领导对员工韧性的跨层次影响研究

在变幻莫测的VUCA环境背景下,员工韧性成为企业存活甚至撬动持续健康发展的关键能力,对组织应对危机至关重要。基于意义建构理论,提出感知视角的正念型领导作用于员工韧性的过程模型,探讨了正念型领导影响员工韧性的路径和边界条件。通过对549份调查数据的分析表明,正念型领导不仅直接影响员工韧性,也可以通过工作意义感知影响员工韧性;员工与领导价值观匹配时,正念型领导更容易促进员工感知工作意义并形成高水平韧性;感知工作意义的员工中,成就动机对员工韧性的正向影响显著。研究凸显正念型领导对员工韧性的价值,扩展正念型领导与员工韧性的理论探索,并为管理实践提供一定的启发和参考。

重返“孟子第一义”的致思场域——《孟子·滕文公上·道性善章》考释

以“道性善”为“孟子第一义”,以“称尧、舜”为“第二节功夫”,这是人们对《孟子·滕文公上·道性善章》的一般看法。作为考释价值显著的大章,《道性善章》既涉及文史考证问题,又涉及哲学诠释问题,需要考证与诠释双管齐下。唯有在《孟子》单章研究的新范式下,《道性善章》那些鲜为人知的文史考证问题方能引起深切的关注,那些众所周知的哲学诠释问题方能得到更深的理解。全面地成就《道性善章》的单章研究,实质就是真切地重返“孟子第一义”的致思场域。

俗尚善巧与齐梁轻靡书写

轻靡书写是流行于齐梁时期的一种文学风格,“求新于俗尚之中”是其非常重要的一个特点,而佛教文化在刘宋后推动的世俗化风尚对这一特点的形成发挥了重要作用。宫体诗作为轻靡书写之高峰,佛教之“异相巧方便”观为其轻艳书写提供了“借异相之善巧行超越之方便”的理论依据,从而使萧纲诸人的宫体书写成为一时之潮流成为可能。而《玉台新咏》和《法宝联璧》的编纂,又为这一潮流的形成起到一定的推动作用。

悖论式领导对“Y一代”员工忠诚影响研究:工作意义感视角

随着我国经济的高速发展,“Y一代”员工正逐渐成为企业不可或缺的中坚力量。他们有着个性鲜明、思维灵活的性格特质以及乐于接受新鲜事物和迎接挑战的进取精神;但同时他们更渴望灵活多样的工作风格和善解人意的领导管理方式。基于社会信息加工理论、社会认知理论以及内在动机理论视角,以浙江省等多家企业的297名“Y一代”员工为样本,通过SPSS23.0软件运用层级回归和Bootstrap中介检验法对悖论式领导对“Y一代”员工忠诚的内在影响机制进行深入探讨。研究表明:悖论式领导正向影响“Y一代”员工忠诚;工作意义感在二者之间发挥部分中介作用。研究结论完善了悖论式领导对“Y一代”员工忠诚的作用机理,对企业提高“Y一代”员工忠诚具有一定的借鉴意义。

中小学教师怎样主动降低工作压力感和工作倦怠——职业认同与生命意义的积极作用

开发成长型心理资源是增强教师职业心理健康自主治理主动性的重要途径。运用教师职业认同感量表、生命意义感问卷、中小学教师工作压力量表、工作倦怠量表对569名中小学教师进行调查,考察职业认同和生命意义这两个成长型心理资源在降低教师工作中压力感和倦怠的积极作用。结果发现:教师工作倦怠问题有所改善但仍然严重,人格解体等倦怠现象突出;职业认同除了可以直接显著减低教师工作中的压力感和倦怠,还可以通过显著增加拥有生命意义来降低压力感从而降低职业倦怠。为此,教育管理部门和学校应为教师的职业认同和生命意义等成长型心理资源的发展创造条件,增强教师职业心理健康自主治理的主动性,从而降低教师的职业压力感,积极预防教师的职业倦怠。

中年危机对知识型员工创造力的影响研究

数智时代为企业带来了新的机遇和挑战,也对员工提出了更高的技能要求。中年员工随着年龄的增长和身体机能的退化,往往被认为是逐渐与时代和技术脱节的,被贴上缺失创造力的标签,面临被青年人取代的职业风险。但有学者指出,中年员工在工作经验、知识储备、执行力等方面更具优势,用年龄区分员工的创造力是一种偏见。本文基于情绪认知评价理论探究中年危机对知识型员工创造力的影响,并将负性情绪从激活程度和调节聚焦两个维度来划分,研究高激活促进型负性情绪与低激活预防型负性情绪在中年危机与知识型员工创造力之间的中介作用。并根据情绪以问题为中心和以情绪为中心的两种不同应对方式,构建低激活预防型负性情绪与工作意义感的链式中介和高激活促进型负性情绪与主动职业行为的链式中介。研究结果表明,中年危机与两种类型的负性情绪都正相关,低激活预防型负性情绪与工作意义感,高激活促进型负性情绪与主动职业行为在中年危机与员工创造力之间起链式中介作用,核心自我评价正向调节了中年危机与高激活促进型负性情绪之间的关系。核心自我评价的情绪调节维度负向调节了中年危机与低激活预防型负性情绪之间的关系。

基于机器学习的燃煤锅炉分工况建模与燃烧优化

为了更好地利用电厂的运行数据设计锅炉在线燃烧优化系统,对电厂的锅炉运行数据进行分工况建模。利用K均值聚类方法对静态数据集进行工况划分,根据误差平方和曲线确定聚类数,最终将锅炉工况按照负荷分为了4类,按照相对煤质系数分为了3类,共获得了12个建模数据集。利用神经网络模型对各工况的数据集进行单独建模,建模结果显示分工况建模后整体的精度得到了提高。利用遗传算法对建立的模型进行搜索优化,赋予锅炉效率与NO_(x)排放浓度不同权重,获得了不同优化目标下锅炉运行数据的推荐值,多目标优化结果表明NO_(x)排放浓度可以在锅炉效率的较小损失前提下获得大幅下降,优化结果与机理分析一致,可供电厂操作人员参考。

工作意义感与员工心理健康关系的元分析

目的探讨工作意义感与员工心理健康消极指标之间的关系,以期为职业人群的心理健康服务提供理论依据。方法运用CMA 2.0软件对纳入研究进行发表偏差检验和异质性检验,然后基于异质性检验结果选择随机效应模型或固定效应模型进行主效应和调节效应分析。结果通过文献检索,获得24个研究和27个独立效应量,样本量7774。主效应检验发现,工作意义感与员工心理健康(消极指标总和)显著负相关(r=-0.15,P=0.033);其中,与抑郁、压力和倦怠显著负相关(r=-0.34、-0.32、-0.34,均P<0.001),与焦虑的关系不显著(P>0.05)。调节效应检验发现,工作意义感测量工具会影响工作意义感与员工心理健康的相关性(P<0.05)。结论工作意义感对员工的心理健康具有积极影响,能够缓解工作本身及其环境给员工带来的抑郁、压力和倦怠。

一种基于k-Means算法的船舶主机工况二次划分方法

为准确划分船舶主机运行工况,提升船舶主机性能监测能力,设计一种基于k-Means算法的船舶主机工况二次划分方法。基于实船运营大数据,分2个阶段开展主机运行工况划分研究,其中:第一阶段,以主机转速和功率为特征参数,初步划分主机运行工况;第二阶段,以海水温度和扫气箱温度为特征参数,对第一阶段划分的工况进行第二次划分。以某大型散货船为例,通过实船试验对该方法的有效性进行验证。试验结果表明,该方法能对复杂的船舶主机运行工况进行有效划分,可为船舶主机性能监测提供状态质量评估和辅助决策,有利于船舶主机健康管理和故障诊断工作的开展。