Dependence of solutions and eigenvalues of third order linear measure differential equations on measures

This paper deals with a complex third order linear measure differential equation id(y’)^(·)+ 2iq(x)y’dx + y(idq(x) + dp(x)) = λydx on a bounded interval with boundary conditions presenting a mixed aspect of the Dirichlet and the periodic problems. The dependence of eigenvalues on the coefficients p and q is investigated. We prove that the n-th eigenvalue is continuous in p and q when the norm topology of total variation and the weak*topology are considered. Moreover, the Fr′echet differentiability of the n-th eigenvalue in p and q with the norm topology of total variation is also considered. To deduce these conclusions, we investigate the dependence of solutions of the above equation on the coefficients p and q with different topologies and establish the counting lemma of eigenvalues according to the estimates of solutions.

Observer-Based Robust Control for Measure Differential Systems with Parameter Uncertainty and Time Delay

In this paper, we propose a robust control based on the observer for a class of measure differential systems with time delay. To implement the control, we only need the output signal of the systems. In the finial section, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Reliability of gas holdup measurements using the differential pressure method in a cyclone-static micro-bubble flotation column

Gas holdup is one of the key parameters in flotation process. Gas holdup as measured by a differential pressure method was investigated and the relative errors compared to the average gas holdup from the volume expansion method. The errors were used to establish optimum measurement positions. The results show that the measurement position should be in the middle of the column and in the region half way from the center to the wall (the half-radius). The gas holdup along the axial direction is lower at the bottom and higher at the top of the floatation column. The gas holdup along the radial direction is lower near the wall and higher near the center of the flotation column. The average gas holdup measure- ment can be replaced by regional gas holdup values.

Atmospheric NO_2 Concentration Measurements Using Differential Absorption Lidar Technique

Using the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique, two types of approaches, namely, reflection from retroreflector / topographic target and backscatter from atmosphere, are available for studying remotely the atmospheric NO, concentration. The Argon ion lidar system at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India has been used for the measurements by following both the path-averaged and range-resolved approaches. For the former, a topographic target (hill) is used for determining path-averaged surface concentration. In the latter, spectral properties of atmospheric attenuation is used for making range-resolved measurements in the surface layer. The results of the observations collected by following both approaches are presented. The average surface NO2 concentration was found to vary between 0.01 and 0.105 ppm and the range-resolved measurements exhibited higher values suggesting treatment of the lidar data for scattering and extinction effects due to atmospheric aerosols and air molecules, and atmospheric turbulence. Certain modifications that are suggested to the experimental set-up, data acquisition and analysis to improve the measurements are briefly described.

Differential correction method applied to measurement of the FAST reflector

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope （FAST） adopts an active deformable main reflector which is composed of 4450 triangular panels. During an observation, the illuminated area of the reflector is deformed into a 300-m diameter paraboloid and directed toward a source. To achieve accurate control of the reflector shape, positions of 2226 nodes distributed around the entire reflector must be measured with sufficient precision within a limited time, which is a challenging task because of the large scale. Measurement of the FAST reflector makes use of stations and node targets. However, in this case the effect of the atmosphere on measurement accuracy is a significant issue. This paper investigates a differen- tial correction method for total stations measurement of the FAST reflector. A multi-benchmark differential correction method, including a scheme for benchmark selection and weight assignment, is proposed. On- site evaluation experiments show there is an improvement of 70%-80% in measurement accuracy compared with the uncorrected measurement, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Robust Stabilization Control for a Class of Nonlinear Measure Differential Systems with Delay

This paper considers the robust stabilization problem of a class of nonlinear measure differential systems with delay.To eliminate the effect of nonlinear uncertainties on the stability of a closed loop system, a nonlinear controller is employed.In addition, to get the stability result of closed loop dynamics, two novel lemmas are proposed.In our approach, we do not require the assumption that the time varying delay variable γ(t) be restricted by (t)【1 , which is often required in many previous papers (e.g,see).

VECTOR COMPARISON PRINCIPLE FOR THE STABILITY OF MEASURE DIFFERENTIAL LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS

This paper is devoted to the investigation of Lyapunov's second method for the stability of measure differential large scale systems containing impulses. The vector comparison principle of the stability of measure differential large scale systems is first established. An application of the vector comparison theorem is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our result.

Global Exponential Stability of Variable Delay and Time－varying Measure Differential Systems with Impulse Effect

This work concerns the stability properties of impulsive solution for a class of variable delay and time-varying measure differential systems. By means of the techniques of constructing broken line function to overcome the difficulties in employing comparison principle and Lyapunov function with discontinuous derivative, some criteria of global exponential asymptotic stability for the system are established. An example is given to illustrate the applicability of results obtained.

A new differential absorption lidar for NO_2 measurements using Raman-shifted technique

Based on Raman-shifted wavelengths of D2 and CHr pumped by third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser, a differential absorption lidar was presented in this paper and had been constructed for probing environmental NO2 concentration. NO2 experimental measurements were carried out at Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics in Hefei. Some NO2 measurement results were given and discussed.

Measurment of gas-liquid two-phase slug flow with a Venturi meter based on blind source separation

We propose a novel flow measurement method for gas–liquid two-phase slug flow by using the blind source separation technique. The flow measurement model is established based on the fluctuation characteristics of differential pressure(DP) signals measured from a Venturi meter. It is demonstrated that DP signals of two-phase flow are a linear mixture of DP signals of single phase fluids. The measurement model is a combination of throttle relationship and blind source separation model. In addition, we estimate the mixture matrix using the independent component analysis(ICA) technique. The mixture matrix could be described using the variances of two DP signals acquired from two Venturi meters. The validity of the proposed model was tested in the gas–liquid twophase flow loop facility. Experimental results showed that for most slug flow the relative error is within 10%.We also find that the mixture matrix is beneficial to investigate the flow mechanism of gas–liquid two-phase flow.

IMPULSIVE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR STURM-LIOUVILLE TYPE DIFFERENTIAL INCLUSIONS

In this paper, the authors investigate the existence of solutions of impulsive boundary value problems for Sturm-Liouville type differential inclusions which admit non-convex-valued multifunctions on right hand side. Two results under weaker conditions are presented. The methods rely on a fixed point theorem for contraction multi-valued maps due to Covitz and Nadler and Schaefer＇s fixed point theorem combined with lower semi-continuous multi-valued operators with decomposable values.

A Novel Technique of Measuring SOA Differential Carrier Lifetime and a -Factor Using SOA Optical Modulation Response

We demonstrate a new technique of measuring differential carrier lifetime and linewidth enhancement factor in a semiconductor optical amplifier. In our method, the optical responses and fiber transfer functions of a self-gain modulated SOA are measured and, from these, values of carrier lifetimes and linewidth enhancement factors are determined for various SOA input optical powers.

Multidimensional poverty and types of impoverished counties in Gansu province of China

Gansu province,considered as one of the poorest provinces in China,faces great challenges in fighting against poverty.This study highlights the importance of studying multidimensional poverty in Gansu province.The Multidimensional Poverty Indices of 75 poverty-stricken counties in Gansu province are measured quantitatively.The main driving factors of poverty are identified through the construction and application of a multidimensional poverty measurement system,classifying the impoverished counties into several categories.This study provides a scientific basis for formulating effective policies to achieve sustainable poverty reduction and highquality development in the region after 2020.The results show that:(1)more than half of the poverty-stricken counties in Gansu province have a degree of multidimensional poverty that is below the median poverty level,with regional variations;(2)the main factors driving poverty in these counties include shortages in water and land resources,educational disruptions,undesirable medical conditions,and the underutilisation of labour,which show spatial variations;and(3)these poverty-stricken counties are categorised into four types:counties with fragile ecological environments and insufficient natural resources,counties with undesirable socio-economic conditions,counties with unfavourable conditions in development,and counties with relatively balanced development conditions.Finally,this paper proposes policy recommendations to achieve stable poverty alleviation based on different types of impoverished counties.