Establishing a measurement,reporting,and verification system for climate finance in post-Paris agreement period

The measurement,reporting,and verification(MRV) of climate finance was originated from discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).It has been one of the key issues of global climate negotiations since 2009 and will continue to be of significant importance in addressing climate change and strengthening international trust.This paper analyses the concept,the objective,and the progress of the MRV of climate finance based on reviews of the latest literature and think-tank reports regarding climate finance regime and MRV.Following the analysis,challenges faced with the MRV of climate finance are illustrated.This paper presents that the comparability of climate finance data needs to be improved due to the variety of methodologies used for disaggregating climate finance.In addition,the integrality of the MRV system of climate finance has been impaired by the lack of feedback mechanism from the recipients to the contributors in reporting system.Furthermore,although accounting system of climate finance has been developing and improving,it remains incapacity in providing accurate data on disbursed climate finance.Responding to the above challenges,this paper proposes the key tasks in establishing a comprehensive MRV system for climate finance at international level.The tasks involve developing a measurement system with consistent data basis and accounting basis,a reporting system with more detailed guidance and standardized formats,as well as a verification mechanism balancing top-down and bottom-up review processes.In the last section,this paper concludes that the establishment of an improved MRV of climate finance requires concerted cooperation and negotiations between developed and developing country Parties under the UNFCCC.As one of the few developing country donors to the Global Environmental Facility(GEF),China is suggested to clarify its propositions as a developing country in aspects such as concept,coverage,and architecture of climate finance and MRV system,and gain bargaining power in improving operating and technical rules of international climate finance regime.

Dynamic grey model of verification cycle and lifecycle of measuring instrument and its application

Two dynamic grey models DGM (1, 1) for the verification cycle and the lifecycle of measuring instrument based on time sequence and frequency sequence were set up, according to the statistical feature of examination data and weighting method. By a specific case, i.e. vernier caliper, it is proved that the fit precision and forecast precision of the models are much higher, the cycles are obviously different under different working conditions, and the forecast result of the frequency sequence model is better than that of the time sequence model. Combining dynamic grey model and auto-manufacturing case the controlling and information subsystems of verification cycle and the lifecycle based on information integration, multi-sensor controlling and management controlling were given. The models can be used in production process to help enterprise reduce error, cost and flaw.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2010(2010 No.131)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 8 national measuring verification regulations in 2010 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008 2008 NO.35

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 11 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China hasapproved the following 24 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008 2008 No.22

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 10 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

Verification and validation of hearing aids:Opportunity not an obstacle

Verification and validation are objective and subjective measurements of hearing aid function. Many studies have provided rationales for performing these measurements as necessary for hearing aid practitioners to provide the highest level of care. Several researchers have suggested that completing these measurements as part of routine clinical care will reduce the number of return visits, reduce the number of aids returned for credit, and increase patient satisfaction. The purpose of this review article is to provide background, method and rationale for practitioners to use these measurements to improve their practice of hearing healthcare.

Quantum Homomorphic Signature with Repeatable Verification

In January 2015,the first quantum homomorphic signature scheme was proposed creatively.However,only one verifier is allowed to verify a signature once in this scheme.In order to support repeatable verification for general scenario,we propose a new quantum homomorphic signature scheme with repeatable verification by introducing serial verification model and parallel verification model.Serial verification model solves the problem of signature verification by combining key distribution and Bell measurement.Parallel verification model solves the problem of signature duplication by logically treating one particle of an EPR pair as a quantum signature and physically preparing a new EPR pair.These models will be beneficial to the signature verification of general scenarios.Scheme analysis shows that both intermediate verifiers and terminal verifiers can successfully verify signatures in the same operation with fewer resource consumption,and especially the verified signature in entangled states can be used repeatedly.

A novel launch dynamics measurement system for multiple launch rocket system and comparative analysis with numerical simulations

In this paper,a novel launch dynamics measurement system based on the photoelectric sensor pair is built.The actual muzzle time(i.e.a time duration that originates from the initial movement to the rocket’s departure from the muzzle)and the muzzle velocity are measured.Compared with the classical methods,the actual muzzle time is obtained by eliminating the ignition delay.The comparative analysis method is proposed with numerical simulations established by the transfer matrix method for multibody systems.The experiment results indicate that the proposed measurement system can effectively measure the actual muzzle time and reduce the error of classical methods,which match well with the simulation results showing the launch dynamics model is reliable and helpful for further analysis and design of the MLRS.

On Quality Evaluation and Analysis of Metrological Verification and Detection

With the rapid development of China’s economy and society,under the existing economic system,measurement work is of great significance to promote market development and improve people’s living standards.The quality evaluation of testing work is an important means to ensure the accuracy of measurement.Based on the analysis of several factors affecting the quality of measurement work,this paper takes the ionizing radiation monitoring quality as an example,and makes a concrete exposition on the evaluation and analysis of the quality of metrological verification work.

基于贝叶斯和F-measure感知机的分类器设计

当样本特征向量交织时,分类很容易出错。为解决这个问题,提出一种基于Bayes和F-measure的分类器算法。采用替代方法评估分类器的性能正受到关注,特别是对于不平衡的问题。该算法利用F-measure分析不平衡数据的分类准确度,将类概率密度函数引入判据,并采用梯度下降法得到准则函数。文中将所提出的方法与传统方法进行比较,实验结果表明,该方法能够有效提高识别的准确率和精确度。

智慧供热系统数据运行核查方法研究

高质量数据是智慧供热系统数据分析的前提和分析结论可靠性的保障,计量器具的良好工作状态是获得高质量数据的基础。本文讨论了计量器具的检定、校准及运行核查的区别,研究了智慧供热系统计量器具在线运行核查方法。研究表明:流量计根据其实际安装工作条件,采用安装条件修正系数可解决直管段长度不够带来的测量误差问题;采用基准表法对使用的流量计进行技术性能核查,可正确判别单台流量计的工作状态;示踪法是解决大口径贸易结算表数据质量问题的有效方法。本研究可为及时发现工作异常的计量器具、确保测量数据的准确性及可靠性提供理论指导及技术支撑。

铁道车辆计量器具量值核查探讨

在铁路车辆计量管理中,计量器具技术指标的准确性、技术性能的稳定性直接关系着铁路的安全运输安全,因此,需对无法实施量值溯源的计量器具进行量值核查。由于目前未有相关规定,因此,本文提出一些关于如何实施量值核查方法,为工作人员在进行核查时提供参考。

嵌套帕累托图及鱼骨图分析测氡仪检定中不合格项及原因

测氡仪检定合格率相对其他放射性测量仪器来说,偏低一些。为探索各类测氡仪共性的不合格项及影响因素,进而为仪器生产厂家改进和用户使用保养提供建议,最终提高测氡仪检定的合格率,本文从计量机构的优势出发,对近5年的检定数据进行统计,采用统计分析中的嵌套帕累托图,分析影响测氡仪检定合格率的主要项目,针对主要项目深入剖析,分析主要项目中的关键因素,结合上述分析结果及鱼骨图,指出造成测氡仪检定合格率低的关键因素及对策措施。从分析结果可以得出,瞬时测氡仪检定的最主要不合格项是外观和标识,其主要影响因素是土壤采样罐漏气,而连续测氡仪检定的主要不合格项是体积活度响应,主要影响因素是体积活度响应年偏离量偏大,对于测氡仪检定不合格项可从加强人员培训、技术改进及提高零部件质量3个方面进行改善。通过本次统计分析,找出测氡仪检定中不合格项的主要因素并给出合理改进建议,有助于仪器生产厂家、计量技术机构及仪器用户三方协作,从而提高测氡仪检定的合格率,对测氡仪的改进与发展起到积极促进作用。

基于联合验证数据评定转化体定量检测结果测量不确定度

随着转基因生物及产品定量标识制度的不断完善,大批转化体定量检测方法的建立迫在眉睫,为了在实验数据积累不足的情况下,在检测方法建立初期及时评定测量不确定度,本研究以耐除草剂大豆DBN9004定量检测方法为例,在检测实验室积累到足够检测数据之前,在8家实验室对5种转基因含量样品进行联合验证,分析试验数据的再现性标准偏差,形成“自上而下”的不确定度预评定方法。结果显示:经格拉布斯法和科克伦法检验8家实验室数据,实验室5的数据存在离群值和岐离值,故剔除,7家实验室5个含量样品的再现性相对标准差RSD_(jR)为6.025%~11.532%,均小于规定的35%,说明该方法具有良好的精密度。根据上述分析数据绘制回归曲线方程为s_(jR)=0.0783×c/≡_(j)-0.0104,计算的相对标准不确定度分量u_(r)=0.0783,u_(0)=0.012,进而将试样检测结果的平均值(c=)带入公式,计算定量结果的标准不确定度u=√u_(0)^(2)+(u_(r)×c/=)^(2)=√0.012^(2)+(0.0783×c=)^(2)。结果表明基于联合验证数据评定转化体定量检测结果测量不确定度,为转化体定量检测方法建立初期提供了科学有效的实验室自行评定方法,为转基因生物及产品的安全监管提供了技术保障。

基于MaxViT和改进几何特征点法的车载单目视觉测速方法研究

车载视觉测速技术作为自动驾驶车辆组合测速技术的重要组成,具有硬件成本低、算法拓展性强、低速下测量准确等特点,应用前景广阔。为进一步提高视觉测速算法在各类工况下的精度和鲁棒性,将几何特征点法在特征点充足时测速精度高和深度学习方法在多场景下测速稳定的优势进行结合,提出一种基于MaxViT和改进几何特征点法的车载单目视觉测速算法。该算法构建基于双输入MaxViT网络和改进几何特征点法的双通道,并行处理车载前视相机获取的连续3帧输入图像序列,滚动估计车辆当前速度,其中双输入MaxViT网络差异化提取图像不同区域的光流特征,估计当前速度所在的置信度为90%的速度区间,改进特征点法基于特征点运动计算当前速度估计值。当速度估计值落在双输入MaxViT网络估计的速度区间时,以该估计值作为实时车速测量值,否则以速度区间中值作为实时车速测量值。当算法迭代运行多帧后,将速度区间中值作为本帧速度输出以减小累积误差。使用6个车速小于40 km/h且包括加减速等工况与直弯道等场景的自建数据集进行实验验证,以理论测速精度0.1 m/s的GPS速度信号为参考速度,本文方法平均相对测速误差少于1.37%,最大相对测速误差少于6.13%。实验结果表明,提出的新方法有效提高了车载视觉测速精度与鲁棒性,可为多元车载视觉测速方法融合提供理论支撑。

某高校综合楼抗震性能鉴定方法研究

工程检测行业中涉及的民用建筑的鉴定主要包括可靠性鉴定、抗震性能鉴定和危险房屋鉴定。本文从抗震性能鉴定的背景出发,介绍了《建筑抗震鉴定标准》(GB 50023-2009)中存在的瑕疵,及《既有建筑鉴定与加固通用规范》(GB 55021-2021)的改进,结合某高校一栋框架结构的综合楼抗震性能鉴定实例,总结了民用建筑抗震性能鉴定的主要思路,对于同类型工程项目抗震性能鉴定有一定的参考意义。

油田企业计量器具在统计与核查中的问题和对策

针对江苏油田某采油厂1.2万台不同种类仪表器具,采用管理等级和分类综合统计方法建立台帐、进行确认和标识管理,同时加强实验室仪表器具的核查比对,确保计量仪表管理有序、量值受控,保障计量数据准确度。

压力表计量的不确定度评价与校准率的研究

由于指针式压力表性能稳定、可靠性高,在工业生产中得到了广泛的使用。本文通过对指针式压力计人工检定的不确定度进行分析与评估,对其在检表过程中可能产生的各种影响因素的分析与评价,对其产生的各种不确定度进行分析,并对各不确定度进行计算,最终获得综合不确定度评价结果。同时,通过人工操纵校准设备对压力表的打压速率进行试验,探索校准过程中各校准点间的压力变化规律,获得合适的升降速度。本文研究成果能够真实地反映出被测数据的误差变化幅度,有助于正确判定测试结果的准确性,并为实现自动压降速度的自动控制提供一定的依据。