Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Water Flow on the Piers of a Bridge for Different Incidence Angles

A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes control equations and calculate the circumferential pressure coefficient distribution on the bridge piers’surface.The results show that the deflection of the flow is non-monotonic.It first increases and then decreases with an increase in the skew angle.

Fluid State of Dirac Quantum Particles

In our previous works, we suggest that quantum particles are composite physical objects endowed with the geometric and topological structures of their corresponding differentiable manifolds that would allow them to imitate and adapt to physical environments. In this work, we show that Dirac equation in fact describes quantum particles as composite structures that are in a fluid state in which the components of the wavefunction can be identified with the stream function and the velocity potential of a potential flow formulated in the theory of classical fluids. We also show that Dirac quantum particles can manifest as standing waves which are the result of the superposition of two fluid flows moving in opposite directions. However, for a steady motion a Dirac quantum particle does not exhibit a wave motion even though it has the potential to establish a wave within its physical structure, therefore, without an external disturbance a Dirac quantum particle may be considered as a classical particle defined in classical physics. And furthermore, from the fact that there are two identical fluid flows in opposite directions within their physical structures, the fluid state model of Dirac quantum particles can be used to explain why fermions are spin-half particles.

The Application of Compulational Fluid Dynamics to Design of Vehicle Cooling Wind Tunnel

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)calculation model for the airflow and heat transfer in an armored vehicle cooling wind tunnel is established.A practical method to determine computation region outside power train compartment,produce grid and ensure grid quality is put forward.A commercial software FLUENT can be used to obtain solutions numerically in 3-D space.Precision of CFD calculation results is verified.The CFD model is used in designing a vehicle cooling wind tunnel,and air flow resistance of fan blast baffle is calculated.The calculated results show feasibility of the CFD model and the method.

双组分层撞击流反应器流场时空演化数值模拟

为了研究双组分层撞击流反应器流场时空演化规律,利用大涡模拟方法进行数值模拟。结合第三代涡识别方法在空间尺度上,对轴向面、周向环面和径向面的速度场、涡量场进行分析;在时间尺度上,揭示速度场、涡量场和涡当地旋转轴的演化规律。结果表明:轴向面和径向面的涡强度呈多峰分布,周向环面涡强度的变化分为增强-稳定-增强3阶段。以XOY面作为研究参考,在两层喷嘴间依据涡发生位置的变化和多尺度涡的碰撞、破碎情况,涡发生期分为6个阶段,涡演化周期分为12个阶段,可据此预测反应器内部流型变化和流场所处阶段。

径向进气式涡流空气分级机的流场特性与颗粒分级性能数值模拟

设计了一种径向进气式涡流空气分级机,采用Fluent软件对分级机内流场进行了数值模拟,探讨了转笼转速、进气速度和进气位置对流场的影响。结果表明:气流在分级腔体内并不是垂直上升,而是以一定倾斜角度在腔体内形成环形气流,环形气流方向与转笼转向相同;分级腔内气流为两个方向的双流层,主气流方向与转笼转向保持一致;随着转笼转速的增加,气流主体的方向不变,腔体左侧的对冲气流消失,腔体内形成的环形气流增强,但转笼下侧的二次涡流增大;不同进气速度对分级腔及转笼不同区域的切向速度具有不同的影响;进气位置的不同,分级腔内气流的流动相差较大,进气口位于转笼轴线同侧时的气流较进气口位于转笼轴线两侧时的气流更容易受到转笼的影响,进气位置对转笼周围流场分布的影响较小。采用响应面法对空气分级机的操作参数进行了优化,各参数对分割粒径影响的大小顺序为:转笼转速>进料速度>进气速度,优化的参数为转笼转速4483 r/min、进气速度15.6 m/s、进料速度9.71 kg/h,在该条件下分割粒径的预测值为40.5μm。

基于Tomo-PIV技术的螺旋桨三维强旋转流动的实验研究

流体机械以及水力发电过程中的流动通常是具有强旋流的三维空间流动,此类流动的实验测量具有较大的难度。本文以水下伺服电机搭载三叶螺旋桨产生强的三维强旋转流动为例,采用四台CMOS摄像机同步对流场进行拍摄,并利用搭载了目前国际上最先进的层析粒子图像测速技术(Tomo-PIV)算法的德国LaVision公司的软件Davis 10.2.0对拍摄得到的图像进行空间重构,得到瞬时的三维空间速度场。基于得到的速度场,对螺旋桨三维强旋流结构的瞬时特性和时均特性进行了深入分析,并从速度、涡量和压力的变化上阐述了流场结构变化特点,证明了Tomo-PIV技术具有很高的测量精度和实际应用意义,在流体机械流场测量和水力发电领域三维空间流场的精细测量有广阔的应用前景。

面向粒子图像测速的光流金字塔插值优化方法

提出了一种面向粒子图像测速的光流金字塔插值优化方法,可以减小重建角度误差和均方根误差,尤其是图像边缘部分的角度误差。使用该优化算法分别对单涡流、双涡流、DNS湍流粒子场进行速度场重建,得到三种流场的均方根误差和平均角度误差比优化前至少降低了15.96%和19.87%。搭建二维PIV实验系统,在待测流场中均匀撒入100μm的PSP粒子,进行旋转实验和注水实验,分别模拟涡流场和射流场,所提出的优化算法可以获得与常见算法流形一致的速度场。

A Review of the Recent PIV Studies —From the Basics to the Hybridization with CFD

The purpose of this article is to review recent PIV Studies from the basic to hybrid analysis, focusing on explaining epoch-making development of PIV. The overwhelming advantage of PIV over other velocity measurement methods is that it enables instantaneous and simultaneous velocity measurement of whole flow fields. We roughly classify PIV development and/or progress into the following five categories; A) Basics of PIV and post-processing. B) Simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature, and 3D-PIV. C) Application to multiphase turbulent flows. D) Application to fluid machinery. E) Hybridization of PIV and CFD. This paper introduces the epoch-making research results from papers published in international journals as milestones related to (A) to (E), and concludes with additional forecast of future development of PIV research.

Thermal Radiation Effect on the MHD Turbulent Compressible Boundary Layer Flow with Adverse Pressure Gradient, Heat Transfer and Local Suction

The combined effect of magnetic field, thermal radiation and local suction on the steady turbulent compressible boundary layer flow with adverse pressure gradient is numerically studied. The magnetic field is constant and applied transversely to the direction of the flow. The fluid is subjected to a localized suction and is considered as a radiative optically thin gray fluid. The Reynolds Averaged Boundary Layer (RABL) equations with appropriate boundary conditions are transformed using the compressible Falkner Skan transformation. The nonlinear and coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is solved using the Keller box method. For the eddy-kinematic viscosity the Baldwin Lomax turbulent model and for the turbulent Prandtl number the extended Kays Crawford model are used. The numerical results show that the flow field can be controlled by the combined effect of the applied magnetic field, thermal radiation, and localized suction, moving the separation point, xs , downstream towards the plate’s end, and increasing total drag, D . The combined effect of thermal radiation and magnetic field has a cooling effect on the fluid at the wall vicinity. The combined effect has a greater influence in the case of high free-stream temperature.

几何相似涡流空气分级机环形区流场变化规律研究及预测

为探究几何相似涡流空气分级机环形区流场的分布特性,建立不同尺寸的涡流空气分级机模型,提取关键结构的几何参数,通过数值模拟分析尺寸比例因数对分级机环形区流场分布的影响。模拟结果表明,在相同进口风速下,几何相似分级机模型环形区内切向速度呈准自由涡的分布。模型尺寸增大,环形区内柱面面积加权平均切向速度增大,环形区切向速度分布不均匀。转笼内外缘切向速度越接近,环形区内近转笼外缘处切向速度产生的波动越小。几何相似分级机模型环形区内径向速度分布符合点汇流动的规律,除了在靠近转笼外缘处径向速度数值有较大差异外,环形区其余位置柱面面积加权平均径向速度不随比例因数变化而变化。以几何相似分级机模型数值模拟数据作为训练样本拟合分级机环形区内柱面面积加权平均切向速度和径向速度预测公式,并建立测试样本分级机模型对预测公式进行验证。柱面面积加权平均切向速度和径向速度预测值与模拟值的最大误差分别为3.5%和1.8%。此外,通过对几何相似涡流空气分级机模型环形区流场运动相似和动力相似分析,得出几何相似分级机模型流场具有相似性。

Parametric effects on the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor

The flame-holding mechanism in hypersonic propulsion technology is the most important factor in prolonging the duration time of hypersonic vehicles.The two-dimensional coupled implicit Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction models were used to simulate the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor.We investigated the effects of the hydrogen-air reaction mechanism and fuel injection temperature and pressure on the parametric distributions in the combustor.The numerical results show qualitative agreement with the experimental data.The hydrogen-air reaction mechanism makes only a slight difference in parametric distributions along the walls of the combustor,and the expansion waves and shock waves exist in the combustor simultaneously.Furthermore,the expansion wave is formed ahead of the shock wave.A transition occurs from the shock wave to the normal shock wave when the injection pressure or temperature increases,and the reaction zone becomes broader.When the injection pressure and temperature both increase,the waves are pushed out of the combustor with subsonic flows.When the waves are generated ahead of the strut,the separation zone is formed in double near the walls of the combustor because of the interaction of the shock wave and the boundary layer.The separation zone becomes smaller and disappears with the disappearance of the shock wave.Because of the horizontal fuel injection,the vorticity is generated near the base face of the strut,and this region is the main origin for turbulent combustion.

The Sensitivity to Axial Alignment of a Flow Driven by a Travelling Magnetic Field

The present study,both experimentally and by numerical simulation,concerns the sensitivity of a flow that is driven by a travelling magnetic field(TMF)with respect to a stepwise applied mismatch between the axes of the TMF and of the cylindrical liquid metal column.The TMF is generated by six equidistantly arranged cylindrical coils powered with an AC current having a phase shift of 60℃ between them.Because the flow induced by a TMF is basically of a toms type,vertical velocity components are representative for the motion in the meridional plane.Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry(UDV)was applied to acquire the velocity component along the beam axis in the centre of the liquid metal column and at various azimuthal positions for a fixed radial coordinate.The measurements are compared to the flow data gained by large eddy simulations.Computations were based on the usual approximations to simplify the magnetohydrodynamic equations,which are low frequency and low induction,and on an analytical expression for the Lorentz force considering the shift between the fluid volume and the field.The results show that even a small shift between the axes may result in a distinct three-dimensional constituent of the flow structure which changes completely the usually assumed axisymmetric toms-type flow.

基于CFD的弓形折流板对管壳式换热器性能影响研究

应用标准k~ε模型结合壁面函数法对单弓形、双弓形折流板管壳式换热器规内部流场进行了数值模拟,以SIMPLE方法对压力场和速度场耦合计算。采用数值模拟和物理模型实验相结合的方法,对单弓形管壳式换热器计算模型同尺度的物理模型进行了实验,并与数值模拟的结果进行比较。在此基础上,对两种形式的管壳式换热器内部流场进行了分析,为管壳式换热器的优化设计和研发提供理论依据。

膛口初始流场对火药燃气流场影响的数值研究

枪炮发射时,身管内被弹丸压缩的空气柱喷出膛口后形成初始流场,它对后续火药燃气流场的发展及弹丸的运动产生很大影响,甚至会降低射击精度。因而,研究初始流场对火药燃气流场的影响机理对于武器设计具有重要的意义。基于ALE方程的有限体积方法,利用AUSM+格式和分区结构化贴体网格对含有复杂形状弹丸的膛口流场进行了数值模拟。根据数值结果绘制的计算阴影图与实验阴影照片符合较好。分别计算了有、无初始流场两种条件下的流场发展过程,详细比较讨论了它们的流场结构与参数特征。结果表明,初始流场的存在是火药燃气流场形成冠状冲击波的必要条件。同时,含有初始流场条件下的近膛口区域最大滞止压力相对于无初始流场条件增加了2倍以上。

后部加载叶型直叶片和弯叶片叶栅中能量损失变化的实验研究

在环形叶栅低速风洞上,详细测量了具有后部加载叶型的常规直叶片和弯扭叶片栅能量损失由栅前至栅后的发展。实验结果表明损失的增长主要发生在前缘和尾缘附近,提高此类叶栅流动效率的关键是前缘圆直径、尾缘逆压段长度与逆压梯度值的匹配以及沿叶高静压系数分布规律的选择。

基于ALE方程及嵌入网格法的膛口流场数值模拟

采用基于ALE(Arbitary Lagrangian-Eulerian)方程的动网格和嵌入网格法及二阶精度Roe方法,对膛口流场进行了数值模拟。根据数值结果,详细讨论了初始流场、火药燃气流场的形成与发展以及与弹丸的耦合和相互作用过程,并与膛口流场的实验阴影照片进行了对照,两者在定性上是吻合的。

固井前钻井液地面调整及前置液紊流低返速顶替固井技术

由于受外在条件的限制水泥浆流态性能常常无法达到紊流顶替要求,而井眼状况、钻井液性能调整 对界面胶结质量的影响又常被固井作业者所忽视;文章结合大港油田现场作业结果提出的固井前钻井液性能地面 调整可以降低固井施工紊流顶替对水泥浆流态性能的过高要求以及使用前置液紊流低返速顶替固井技术提高二 界面胶结质量,充分体现了固井工程“一体化”系统设计思想;固井前调整、优化钻井液流变性能,可降低钻井液屈 服值、塑性粘度、初终切力和流动摩阻压力,防止固井顶替过程中泵压过高压漏薄弱地层,并能有效除去大块钻屑 及附着在井壁的虚滤饼,预防固井后声幅测井电测遇阻下小钻杆通井等复杂工况,有利于改善滤饼质量并提高第 二界面胶结质量;在水泥浆返速无法达到紊流流态性能下采用前置液紊流冲洗及水泥浆低返速顶替技术,并结合 流速剖面梯级匹配顶替技术,能够有效提高顶替效率,适合窄安全压力窗口防漏注水泥的施工要求,提高固井质量。

膛口装置三维流场的数值模拟及制退效率计算

基于三维非定常Euler方程,结合高精度Roe格式以及结构化动网格技术,对弹丸飞离开腔式膛口制退器过程中膛口流场的发展过程进行了数值模拟。根据数值计算结果,讨论了制退器内流场复杂三维瞬态效应的主要特征,与膛口流场的试验阴影照片相吻;根据数值计算结果对开腔式制退器的制退效率进行了计算,其结果与相关试验计算结果相符。文中方法对制退器的总体性能设计具有参考意义。

独头巷道受限贴附射流特征参数对流场的影响研究

根据独头巷道受限贴附射流规律,基于独头巷道受限贴附射流特征参数计算,分析风筒出口直径与流场的关系、风筒出口风速与射流轴心速度变化的关系等,得出独头巷道受限贴附射流特征参数对流场有影响较大,各项特征参数与流场关系的研究使得对独头巷道的通风环境监控更加有利。从而达到改善此类工况的作业环境并提高此类工况的安全系数。

基于CFD的养殖水体固液旋流分离装置数值模拟与验证

为探究旋流分离装置对水产养殖水体的分离效果,采用计算流体力学方法对旋流分离装置内部的流动特性进行数值模拟,得到了不同入口流量、不同入口浓度对固液分离性能的影响,通过试验数据对模拟结果进行了验证。模拟结果表明:随着入口流量的增加,分离装置内部流体速度增大,湍流流动增强,不利于固体颗粒的沉降。当入口浓度增加时,筒内流体运动速度降低,滞留在筒体中的颗粒浓度增加,降低了固液分离效率。入口流量和入口浓度的增加均会导致不同粒度颗粒分离效率下降,且随着颗粒粒度的增大,分离效率下降幅度增大。通过与试验数据相比,模拟误差在10%以内,模拟结果可信。该研究可为旋流分离装置在水产养殖领域的应用提供参考。