Additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys is a promising technique for the fabrication of lightweight components with complex shapes.In this study,the effect of the process parameters of selective laser melting(SLM...Additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys is a promising technique for the fabrication of lightweight components with complex shapes.In this study,the effect of the process parameters of selective laser melting(SLM)on the surface morphology,relative density,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum alloys with low Sc content was systematically investigated.The results show that the energy density has an important effect on the surface quality and densification behavior of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during the SLM process.As the energy density increased,the surface quality and the number of internal pores increased.However,the area of the fine-grained region at the boundary of the molten pool gradually decreased.When the laser energy density was set to 151.52 J/mm3,a low-defect sample with a relative density of 99.2%was obtained.After heat treatment,the area of the fine grains at the boundary increased significantly,thereby contributing to the excellent mechanical properties.The microstructure was characterized by a unique“fan-shaped”heterogeneous structure.As the energy density increased,the microhardness first increased and then decreased,reaching a maximum value of 122 HV0.3.With the optimized process parameters,the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation of the as-built Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys were 346.8±3.0 MPa,451.1±5.2 MPa,14.6%±0.8%,respectively.After heat treatment at 325°C for 8 h,the hardness increased by 38.5%to 169 HV0.3,and the YS and UTS increased by 41.3%and 18.1%,respectively,to 490.0±9.0 MPa and 532.7±7.8 MPa,respectively,while the elongation slightly decreased to 13.1%±0.7%.展开更多
We have synthesized first novel dihexadecyl phosphate (DHGP-n) gemini surfactants containing alkyl chain ((CnH2n);n = 3, 4, 5, and 6) spacers. Surfactants were used to form monolayers on water surface. Surface tension...We have synthesized first novel dihexadecyl phosphate (DHGP-n) gemini surfactants containing alkyl chain ((CnH2n);n = 3, 4, 5, and 6) spacers. Surfactants were used to form monolayers on water surface. Surface tension measurement (STm), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculation were used to investigate these monolayers. Surface pressure (π) and molecular area (A);π-A isotherm curves of all DHGP-n gemini surfactants showed a gradual increase in surface pressure without any break points in the curves, confirmed the formation of liquid-expand (LE) type monolayers. BAM observations also supported the STm results. Limited molecular area (A0) of these monolayers depended on the spacer of gemini surfactants without spacer n = 4. Longer alkyl chain spacer in the series had higher value of A0 in π-A isotherm plots. In the series, A0 of spacer n = 4 was smallest among A0 values of other spacers. Density functional theory (DFT) method calculation also confirmed π-A isotherm curves pattern of these surfactants. Calculation showed that both odd and even numbers and length of the alkyl chain spacer influenced the structure of DHGP-n monolayer formation on the water surface.展开更多
The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H2SO4, [Hmim][TFO]/H2SO4 and [Omim][TFO]/H2SO4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and ...The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H2SO4, [Hmim][TFO]/H2SO4 and [Omim][TFO]/H2SO4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and surface tensions of the mixtures decreased monotonously with increasing temperatures and increasing ionic liquid （IL） molar fraction. IL with longer alkyl side-chain length brings a lower density and a smaller surface tension to the ILs/H2SO4 binary mixtures. The densities and surface tensions of the mixtures are fitted well by Jouyban-Acree （JAM） model and LWW model respectively. Redlich-Kister （R-K）equation and modified Redlich-Kister （R-K） equation describe the excess molar volumes and excess surface tensions of the mixtures well respectively. Adding a small amount of ILs （XIL 〈 0.1 ） into sulfuric acid brings an obvious decrease to the density and the surface tension. The results imply that the densities and surface tensions of IL5/H2SO4 binary mixtures can be modulated by changing the IL dosage or tailoring the IL structure.展开更多
The surface tension and specific heat of Ni-5%Sn alloy melt were measured by the oscillating drop method and the drop calorimetric method using electromagnetic levitation, respectively. The temperature coefficient of ...The surface tension and specific heat of Ni-5%Sn alloy melt were measured by the oscillating drop method and the drop calorimetric method using electromagnetic levitation, respectively. The temperature coefficient of surface tension is 6.43×10-4 N·m?1K?1 within the temperature regime of 1464-1931 K. The enthalpy change was measured in the temperature range from 1461 to 1986 K, and the average specific heat was obtained as 43.03 J·mol?1K?1. Some other thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, solute dif-fusion coefficient, density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of this alloy melt, were derived based on the experimentally measured surface tension and specific heat. Using these thermophysical parameters, the relation between solute trapping and under-cooling in rapidly solidified α-Ni was calculated, and the theoretical prediction shows a good agreement with experimental data.展开更多
在298.15~338.15 K 0.1 MPa工况下测定了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([emim][Tf_2N])的表面张力、密度、黏度及电导率;采用最小二乘法拟合了实验数据,得到了表面张力和密度随温度的回归方程;在相同工况下,同其他实验...在298.15~338.15 K 0.1 MPa工况下测定了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([emim][Tf_2N])的表面张力、密度、黏度及电导率;采用最小二乘法拟合了实验数据,得到了表面张力和密度随温度的回归方程;在相同工况下,同其他实验数据以及采用基团贡献法得到的数据进行了对比;同时,研究了相关物性参数同离子液体结构和温度的关系。研究结果表明:离子液体的表面张力随阳离子取代基碳链长度的增大而减小,随阴离子尺寸的增加而减小;其表面张力和密度随温度的升高均呈线性减小变化;黏度随着温度的升高逐渐降低;电导率随着温度的升高而增大。以上物性的测定和研究,填补了离子液体[emim][Tf_2N]相关物性参数的空白,同时也为该种离子液体的应用,尤其是在吸收式制冷系统中的应用,提供了参考。展开更多
基金Guangdong Provincial Key Field Research and Development Program Project of China(Grant No.2020B090922002)Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project of China(Grant Nos.2019B1515120094,2022B1515020064)National Natural and Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51775196).
文摘Additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys is a promising technique for the fabrication of lightweight components with complex shapes.In this study,the effect of the process parameters of selective laser melting(SLM)on the surface morphology,relative density,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum alloys with low Sc content was systematically investigated.The results show that the energy density has an important effect on the surface quality and densification behavior of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during the SLM process.As the energy density increased,the surface quality and the number of internal pores increased.However,the area of the fine-grained region at the boundary of the molten pool gradually decreased.When the laser energy density was set to 151.52 J/mm3,a low-defect sample with a relative density of 99.2%was obtained.After heat treatment,the area of the fine grains at the boundary increased significantly,thereby contributing to the excellent mechanical properties.The microstructure was characterized by a unique“fan-shaped”heterogeneous structure.As the energy density increased,the microhardness first increased and then decreased,reaching a maximum value of 122 HV0.3.With the optimized process parameters,the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation of the as-built Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys were 346.8±3.0 MPa,451.1±5.2 MPa,14.6%±0.8%,respectively.After heat treatment at 325°C for 8 h,the hardness increased by 38.5%to 169 HV0.3,and the YS and UTS increased by 41.3%and 18.1%,respectively,to 490.0±9.0 MPa and 532.7±7.8 MPa,respectively,while the elongation slightly decreased to 13.1%±0.7%.
文摘We have synthesized first novel dihexadecyl phosphate (DHGP-n) gemini surfactants containing alkyl chain ((CnH2n);n = 3, 4, 5, and 6) spacers. Surfactants were used to form monolayers on water surface. Surface tension measurement (STm), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculation were used to investigate these monolayers. Surface pressure (π) and molecular area (A);π-A isotherm curves of all DHGP-n gemini surfactants showed a gradual increase in surface pressure without any break points in the curves, confirmed the formation of liquid-expand (LE) type monolayers. BAM observations also supported the STm results. Limited molecular area (A0) of these monolayers depended on the spacer of gemini surfactants without spacer n = 4. Longer alkyl chain spacer in the series had higher value of A0 in π-A isotherm plots. In the series, A0 of spacer n = 4 was smallest among A0 values of other spacers. Density functional theory (DFT) method calculation also confirmed π-A isotherm curves pattern of these surfactants. Calculation showed that both odd and even numbers and length of the alkyl chain spacer influenced the structure of DHGP-n monolayer formation on the water surface.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576168,21276163)
文摘The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H2SO4, [Hmim][TFO]/H2SO4 and [Omim][TFO]/H2SO4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and surface tensions of the mixtures decreased monotonously with increasing temperatures and increasing ionic liquid （IL） molar fraction. IL with longer alkyl side-chain length brings a lower density and a smaller surface tension to the ILs/H2SO4 binary mixtures. The densities and surface tensions of the mixtures are fitted well by Jouyban-Acree （JAM） model and LWW model respectively. Redlich-Kister （R-K）equation and modified Redlich-Kister （R-K） equation describe the excess molar volumes and excess surface tensions of the mixtures well respectively. Adding a small amount of ILs （XIL 〈 0.1 ） into sulfuric acid brings an obvious decrease to the density and the surface tension. The results imply that the densities and surface tensions of IL5/H2SO4 binary mixtures can be modulated by changing the IL dosage or tailoring the IL structure.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50121101, 50395105, 50271058, 50201013).
文摘The surface tension and specific heat of Ni-5%Sn alloy melt were measured by the oscillating drop method and the drop calorimetric method using electromagnetic levitation, respectively. The temperature coefficient of surface tension is 6.43×10-4 N·m?1K?1 within the temperature regime of 1464-1931 K. The enthalpy change was measured in the temperature range from 1461 to 1986 K, and the average specific heat was obtained as 43.03 J·mol?1K?1. Some other thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, solute dif-fusion coefficient, density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of this alloy melt, were derived based on the experimentally measured surface tension and specific heat. Using these thermophysical parameters, the relation between solute trapping and under-cooling in rapidly solidified α-Ni was calculated, and the theoretical prediction shows a good agreement with experimental data.
文摘在298.15~338.15 K 0.1 MPa工况下测定了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([emim][Tf_2N])的表面张力、密度、黏度及电导率;采用最小二乘法拟合了实验数据,得到了表面张力和密度随温度的回归方程;在相同工况下,同其他实验数据以及采用基团贡献法得到的数据进行了对比;同时,研究了相关物性参数同离子液体结构和温度的关系。研究结果表明:离子液体的表面张力随阳离子取代基碳链长度的增大而减小,随阴离子尺寸的增加而减小;其表面张力和密度随温度的升高均呈线性减小变化;黏度随着温度的升高逐渐降低;电导率随着温度的升高而增大。以上物性的测定和研究,填补了离子液体[emim][Tf_2N]相关物性参数的空白,同时也为该种离子液体的应用,尤其是在吸收式制冷系统中的应用,提供了参考。
