Design and application of wireless signal strength measurement system on the near-ground

The wireless communication system's performance is greatly constrained by the wireless channel characteristics,especially in some specific environment.Therefore,signal transmission will be greatly impacted even if not in a complicated topography.Testing results show that it is hardly to characterize the radio propagation properties for the antenna installed on the ground.In order to ensure a successful communication,the radio frequency(RF)wireless signal intensity monitor system was designed.We can get the wireless link transmission loss through measuring signal strength from received node.The test shows that the near-ground wireless signal propagation characteristics still can be characterized by the log distance propagation loss model.These results will conduce to studying the transmission characteristic of Near-Earth wireless signals and will predict the coverage of the earth's surface wireless sensor network.

Acquisition of Weak Signals in Multi-Constellation Frequency Domain Receivers

New positioning applications’ availability requirements demand receivers with higher sensitivities and ability to process multiple GNSS signals. Possible applications include acquiring one signal per GNSS constellation in the same frequency band and combining them for increased sensitivity or predicting acquisition of other signals. Frequency domain processing can be used for this purpose, since it benefits from parallel processing capabilities of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which can be efficiently implemented in software receivers. On the other hand, long coherent integration times are mainly limited due to large FFT size in receivers using frequency domain techniques. A new method is proposed to address the problems in frequency domain receivers without compromising the resources and execution time. A pre-correlation accumulation (PCA) is proposed to partition the received samples into one-code-period blocks, and to sum them together. As a result, the noise is averaged out and the correlation results will gain more power, provided that the relative phase between the data segments is compensated for. In addition to simplicity, the proposed PCA method enables the use of one-size FFT for all integration times. A post-correlation peak combination is also proposed to remove the need for double buffering. The proposed methods are implemented in a configurable Simulink model, developed for acquiring recorded GNSS signals. For weak signal scenarios, a Spirent GPS simulator is used as a source. Acquisition results for GPS L1 C/A and GLONASS L1OF are shown and the performance of the proposed technique is discussed. The proposed techniques target GNSS receivers using frequency domain processing aiming at accommodating all the GNSS signals, while minimizing resource usage. They also apply to weak signal acquisition in frequency domain to answer the availability demand of today’s GNSS positioning applications.

High Sensitivity Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Receiver for Precise Frequency Analysis

There are numerous applications, such as Radar, that leverage wideband technology. However, the presence of noise introduces certain limitations and challenges. It is crucial to harness wideband technology for applications demanding the rapid and precise transmission of diverse information from one point to another within a short timeframe. The ability to report a signal without tuning within the input bandwidth stands out as one of the advantages of employing a digital wideband receiver. As indicated, a digital wideband receiver plays a pivotal role in achieving high precision and accuracy. The primary distinction between Analog and Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement lies in the fact that analog Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) receivers have traditionally covered extensive input bandwidths, reporting one accurate frequency per short pulse. In the contemporary landscape, digital IFM systems utilize high-sampling-rate Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) along with Hilbert transforms to generate two output channels featuring a 90-degree phase shift. This paper explores the improvement of sensitivity in current digital IFM receivers. The optimization efforts target the Hilbert transform and autocorrelations architectures, aiming to refine the system’s ability to report fine frequencies within a noisy wide bandwidth environment, thereby elevating its overall sensitivity.

Analysis of RFID Based Positioning Technique Using Received Signal Strength and Directional Antenna

Automatic robot navigation is being utilized in many industries for the purpose of high speed work delivery. Color follower, fix path follower robots are current solution to this activities but dynamic path configuration is not possible in these robots. Hence new system proposes effective and fully dynamic path follower robots using RFID and directional antenna. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system permits automatic identification of objects with RFID tags using radio waves which have been widely used in mobile robot navigation, localization and mapping both in indoor and outdoor environment. This article presents a navigation strategy for autonomous mobile robot using passive RFID system. Proposed robot system is provided with RFID tag functionality which will load tag number and direction instruction. At some turning point, user will put RF tag, this tag will be read by RF reader which is placed on robot. As per direction instruction robot will change the direction and reach to the destination. Also as per the movement, robot will send its GPS location to PC (Personal Computer) which will be displayed on PC. Hence main goal is to provide more reliable and low energy consumption based indoor positioning system which will be achieved using directional antenna.

An Adaptive Response Compensation Technique for the Constant-Current Hot-Wire Anemometer

An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we have developed a simple response compensation scheme based on a precise theoretical expression for the frequency response of the CCA (Kaifuku et al. 2010, 2011), and verified its effectiveness experimentally for hot-wires of 5 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm in diameter. Then, another novel technique based on a two-sensor probe technique—originally developed for the response compensation of fine-wire thermocouples (Tagawa and Ohta 1997;Tagawa et al. 1998)—has been proposed for estimating thermal time-constants of hot-wires to realize the in-situ response compensation of the CCA. To demonstrate the usefulness of the CCA, we have applied the response compensation schemes to multipoint velocity measure- ment of a turbulent wake flow formed behind a circular cylinder by using a CCA probe consisting of 16 hot-wires, which were driven simultaneously by a very simple constant-current circuit. As a result, the proposed response compensation techniques for the CCA work quite successfully and are capable of improving the response speed of the CCA to obtain reliable measurements comparable to those by the commercially-available constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer (CTA).

Estimation Method of Center of Inertia Frequency Based on Phasor Measurement Data

In the world, recent increased disturbances, congestion management problems, and increases of complexity in operating power systems have brought the need for integrations and improvements of power systems. Advanced applications in WAMPAC （wide area monitoring, protection, and control） systems provide a cost effective solution to improve system planning, operation, maintenance, and energy trading. Synchronized measurement technology and the application are an important element of WAMPAC. In addition, PMUs （phasor measurement units） are the most accurate and advanced time-synchronized technology available for WAMPAC application. Therefore, the original measurement system of PMUs has been constructed in Japan. This paper describes the estimation method of a center of inertia frequency by applying actual measurement data. The application of this method enables us to extract power system oscillations from measurement data appropriately. Moreover, this proposed method will help to the clarification of power system dynamics and this application will make it possible to realize the monitoring of power system oscillations associated with the power system stability.

测压管长度对单测点信号的影响及修正效果验证

测压试验中,测压管的存在会导致风压信号产生畸变,影响后续数据分析的精度。通过实际测定测压管路频响函数,获得测压管对信号的影响规律,并揭示了“B-T理论”的不足。在实际紊流作用下研究测压管长度对单测点压力数据和模型整体力的影响,并验证“B-T理论”的修正效果。结果表明:对于单测点压力数据,测压管将不会影响数据均值和变异系数,标准差随管长增加先增后减,信号时域随管长增加而整体向均值靠近,相位则不断滞后,信号频域值随管长和频率的增加逐渐偏离真实值;对于整体力,整体阻力、各力的相关性、相干性均可认为不受测压管影响,力谱的变化规律与单测点频域值相同;“B-T理论”在信号时域上修正效果较差,在频域修正方面表现良好。

对瞬时测频干扰机理的研究

瞬时测频(instantaneous frequency measurement,IFM)接收机是电子侦察中非常重要的测频资源,其结构简单、灵敏度高、侦察频带宽、分辨率高,可以快速测定被测信号的频率,在现代电子战中得到广泛应用。基于IFM微波鉴相器在某一瞬间只能响应一个信号的特性,结合IFM工作原理,研究了一种新的(超过2个信号)对IFM干扰策略,并分析了干扰机理,通过模拟仿真对IFM的干扰效果进行了评估。仿真结果表明:多信号交叠可以对IFM系统产生明显的干扰效果,可以使得其无法测得正确频率,并错误地输出同时到达信号指示。

基于复频率信号注入的直流接地极线路故障测距方法

在直流输电系统接地极线路配备阻抗监视系统的背景下,可利用高频测量阻抗特性实现故障距离的精确计算。然而,分析发现直流系统接地极线路在不同故障条件下可能产生相同的高频测量阻抗,这意味着测量阻抗与故障距离间不是一一映射关系,由单一测量阻抗难以得到准确的故障距离。文中分析了高频测量阻抗的重合特性随注入信号变化的特征,提出了基于复频率信号注入的故障测距方法,并给出了复频率的选定策略。该方法改进了基于高频测量阻抗幅相特性的接地极线路故障测距方法,实现了故障位置的准确计算。最后,通过仿真算例充分验证了所提测距方法的可行性和精确性。

频率波动下基于并网逆变器的电网阻抗在线测量方法

电网频率波动和测量频率对电网工频阻抗的准确测量有着较大的影响。为此,对影响电网阻抗测量准确度的主要原因进行了理论分析,提出了一种基于互补电流信号注入的在线阻抗测量方法。该方法通过在基波电流相位相同处注入相邻的两段互补扰动电流,运用基波消去的方法降低了基波泄漏影响,相对地提高了测量信噪比;在减小电网频率波动对测量影响的同时,使测量频率可以更加接近工频。通过对比仿真和实验,证明该方法在实际电网工频阻抗测量中具有更高的准确度。

基于CP分解的MIMO-OFDM系统接收信号盲检测

多输入多输出-正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)无线通信系统中接收信号从空间、时间、频率的维度形成多因素的阵列信号,传统的矢量或者矩阵代数的建模方法在处理多因素信号问题上显得不足,无法利用多因素间的关系,而张量分析在解决多维阵列信号处理的问题上具有优势。针对MIMO无线通信系统,结合OFDM技术,研究了张量信号的建模及分解方法,并充分利用张量信号的分解唯一性提高无线接收信号的检测能力。提出了基于CP(CANDECOMP/PARAFAC)张量分解方法对未知信道状态(CSI)的MIMO-OFDM系统进行接收端的张量信号建模和盲检测,并通过仿真分析验证了模型的可行性。仿真结果表明,在接收天线数目大于发送天线数目且各径信道独立情况下,基于CP分解的接收信号盲检测算法在误码率为10-4时,随着接收天线数目增加,信噪比可获得约5 d B的增益。

基于时频边界拟合的NZ估计优化方法

奈奎斯特折叠接收机(NYFR)可以用少量设备实现宽带雷达信号接收,而测量接收信号的波形参数需要正确估计信号所在的奈奎斯特区(NZ)。针对目前广泛应用的线性调频(LFM)信号,在分析LFM信号经NYFR采样后时频图的基础上,对基于时频边界拟合的NZ估计方法进行了优化;讨论了NYFR结构中本振信号的调制系数和调制频率对该方法性能的影响,给出了NYFR的参数选择策略。仿真结果表明,优化后的时频边界拟合方法在信噪比优于-9 dB时,正确检测概率可达100%。

一种无线电信号的模拟调制参数测量系统设计

无线电信号的模拟调制参数测量在无线电检测定位、通信发射机测试校准,民用船舶的导航通信等领域都有广泛应用。设计实现了一种基于超外差结构的无线电信号模拟调制参数的测量系统,以STM32F4系列单片机作为控制核心,包括的主要硬件电路模块有本振信号源、混频器、LC无源滤波器、锁相环、低噪声放大器、包络检波电路、鉴频电路等。系统可自动识别普通调幅波、调频波、未调制的单频载波等模拟调制类型,完成无线电信号解调输出的同时自动测量出载波频率、调制信号频率、调幅指数、调频指数等主要调制参数。实测结果表明,系统对调制类型识别正确,调幅或调频信号的解调波形信噪比高、无明显失真,载波频率测量的相对误差小于10-5,主要调制参数测量的相对误差均小于5%。

多通道全频点并行接收技术研究

多通道并行接收适用于对大带宽信号的采集处理,针对大带宽高速跳频通信系统射频频率切换时间短、大射频带宽采集成本高等问题,提出了一种多通道全频点并行接收系统设计思路,提出了一种基于两级变频的多通道信号下变频处理方案。所提系统对频率切换响应时间要求小,工程实现难度低。

基于BP神经网络的雷达信号载波频率测量

现代电子战争中常通过电子侦察的方式获取敌方雷达的各种信息,雷达信号的载波频率是后续进行辐射源识别、干扰和抗干扰的一个重要参数。鉴于神经网络对数据优异的多维函数表征能力,设计了一种架构简单的基于神经网络的雷达信号载波频率快速测量方法。首先对含有噪声的雷达信号进行采样,对采样得到的每个信号的频率进行标注,预处理获得信号样本数据集。然后将数据集划分为训练集和测试集合,输入到BP神经网络中进行频率拟合。最后,向训练所得的网络模型输入射频采样得到的时域信号,网络输出信号瞬时频率值。在输入信号频率范围为0.2~2.6 GHz,信噪比为30 dB的条件下,对该网络进行多次随机重复测试,实验结果显示输入信号频率估计值均方根误差优于5 MHz。

基于改进Chebyshev混沌映射的抗比相法IFM测频信号设计

为了降低雷达发射信号的载频被瞬时测频(Instantaneous Frequency Measuring, IFM)截获的概率,基于抗IFM接收机信号的设计原理,提出了一种运用新型混沌映射产生的强随机、宽间隔频率捷变序列的方法,对线性调频连续波信号(Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, LFMCW)的载频进行调制,设计了一种抗IFM测频信号。仿真结果表明,所提混沌映射具有强随机性以及高复杂度,并且IFM接收机对所设计信号载频进行测量时,90.5%的测量结果与真实值的绝对误差大于200 MHz, 77.5%的测量结果与真实值的绝对误差大于500 MHz,表明所设计的信号具有较好的抗截获性能,抗IFM测频效果良好。

基于改进S变换的非稳态信号的电能计量方法研究

随着智能电网的不断发展,非线性负荷大量接入电网,产生的非稳态信号对电能计量造成了影响。为了提高非稳态信号的时频分辨率,文中在S变换的基础上,针对电网非稳态信号的特征并根据窗函数设计原则改进了高斯窗尺度因子σ。此外,为保证非稳态信号下计量的精确性和合理性,应实现基波电能和畸变电能的分开计量,为此本文提出基于改进S变换的电能计量方法,利用改进S变换优秀的时频分辨率实现基波电能和畸变电能的分解重构。通过对几个典型的非线性负荷信号的仿真验证了改进S变换算法在电能计量上的优越性和有效性。

基于MATLAB建模的电磁兼容测试中接收机数字化设计

随着虚拟仪器的快速发展,对如何将虚拟仪器的可定制性、易扩展、价格低廉等优势应用于电磁兼容测试的接收机进行了研究。通过让数字化虚拟仪器部分取代乃至完全取代传统仪器,已成为日后电磁兼容技术革新的关注焦点。基于MATLAB软件搭建了接收机的模型,实现了接收机的数字化设计。其中中频滤波器的滤波窗函数采用高斯函数,带宽通过修正系数拟合;检波器经过傅里叶变换,实现信号的频谱计算以及包络线绘制。模型通过频选信号的变化,能够实现峰值和平均值两种检波效果。实际测试结果与模型仿真结果误差小于10%,符合企业测试要求。该模型具有较强的扩展性与兼容性,能对整车与高低压零部件的电磁兼容问题进行一定的监测,设计经验对后续电磁兼容测试过程整体数字化发展有着重要意义。

选频电磁辐射监测仪器电波暗室比对测量分析

为了提高监测仪器比对结果的可比性,选择场强稳定且不受外界电磁环境影响的场所开展比对是必要的。本文分析总结了在标准电波暗室里开展选频射频电磁辐射监测仪器比对测量的经验和做法,通过比对,暴露出日常工作难以发现的问题,提出监测仪器期间核查相关建议;在稳定的、标准的电磁场环境开展比对,为电磁环境监测仪器比对提供一种新做法。

基于自适应小波去噪的局部放电超高频信号测量方式

为精准完成局部放电超高频信号检测,该文提出基于自适应小波去噪的局部放电超高频信号测量方法。信号采集模块利用局部放电传感器以及时间交错模数转换技术,采集电力设备局部放电高频信号,将其输入至信号处理模块中,利用自适应小波降噪后,通过信号检测模块中的Duffing振子和混沌理论,检测局部放电超高频信号。测试结果显示,该方法能够采集不同类别局部放电信号,具有较好的连续性;降低噪声对于信号的干扰,幅值误差和波形相似度最大分别达到0.984和0.988,超高频信号检测精度均在92.5%以上。