HealthMeasures患者报告结局报告清单的解读

美国匹兹堡大学和HealthMeasures指导委员会及PROMIS健康组织标准委员会共同发表了HealthMeasures患者报告结局报告清单,旨在促进不同患者报告结局测量工具的标准化报告,帮助研究人员提高工具报告质量及结果解释的准确性,进一步改善跨研究间的比较分析。本文对HealthMeasures患者报告结局报告清单的主要内容进行介绍和解读,以期为中国患者报告结局研究者提供参考和借鉴。

Geometric error measuring,modeling,and compensation for CNC machine tools:A review

Geometric error,mainly due to imperfect geometry and dimensions of machine components,is one of the major error sources of machine tools.Considering that geometric error has significant effects on the machining quality of manufactured parts,it has been a popular topic for academic and industrial research for many years.A great deal of research work has been carried out since the 1970s for solving the problem and improving the machining accuracy.Researchers have studied how to measure,detect,model,identify,reduce,and compensate the geometric errors.This paper presents a thorough review of the latest research activities and gives an overview of the state of the art in understanding changes in machine tool performance due to geometric errors.Recent advances in measuring the geometrical errors of machine tools are summarized,and different kinds of error identification methods of translational axes and rotation axes are illustrated respectively.Besides,volumetric geometric error modeling,tracing,and compensation techniques for five-axis machine tools are emphatically introduced.Finally,research challenges in order to improve the volumetric accuracy of machine tools are also highlighted.

Energy-Efficient Approaches for a Machine Tool Building in a University through Field Measurement and Energy Modelling

The heating,ventilating,and air conditioning(HVAC)system consumes nearly 50%of the building’s energy,especially in Taiwan with a hot and humid climate.Due to the challenges in obtaining energy sources and the negative impacts of excessive energy use on the environment,it is essential to employ an energy-efficient HVAC system.This study conducted the machine tools building in a university.The field measurement was carried out,and the data were used to conduct energymodelling with EnergyPlus(EP)in order to discover some improvements in energy-efficient design.The validation between fieldmeasurement and energymodelling was performed,and the error rate was less than 10%.The following strategies were proposed in this study based on several energy-efficient approaches,including room temperature settings,chilled water supply temperature settings,chiller coefficient of performance(COP),shading,and building location.Energy-efficient approaches have been evaluated and could reduce energy consumption annually.The results reveal that the proposed energy-efficient approaches of room temperature settings(3.8%),chilled water supply temperature settings(2.1%),chiller COP(5.9%),using shading(9.1%),and building location(3.0%),respectively,could reduce energy consumption.The analysis discovered that using a well-performing HVAC system and building shading were effective in lowering the amount of energy used,and the energy modelling method could be an effective and satisfactory tool in determining potential energy savings.

Systematic evaluation of maternal and infant health literacy assessment tools based on COSMIN guidelines

Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related health outcome measurement tools.Methods:Databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Embase were searched,and the search time frame was established until January 2023.The literature was independently screened by two researchers.The methodological quality and measurement performance of the included scales were evaluated using the health measurement tool selection criteria,and the evaluation results were summarized and analyzed using descriptive analysis.Results:A total of six papers were included,covering six specific scales,with significant differences in the methodological quality and measurement performance of their development studies,none of which evaluated hypothesis testing,the validity of scales,cross-cultural validity,measurement error,or responsiveness.Conclusion:The methodological quality and scale measurement performance of the maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy,the women’s reproductive health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire,and the maternal and infant health literacy scale development studies are relatively high,but the number of studies on maternal and infant health literacy specific scales is relatively insufficient,and more studies should be conducted in the future.

The Accuracy Analysis of Measurement Tools for Traffic Accident Investigation

The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonstration of the event require precise data pertaining to scene measurement. However, there are differences between the individual measuring tools and methods related to traffic accident investigation, just as there are differences between the extent of their use and measurement accuracy. The most commonly applied method is the measuring tape, followed by measurements with total stations and laser rangefinders, while photogrammetry is also becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of individual tools and methods affect the required number of investigators, portability, measurement range, applicability depending on the amount of light and weather conditions, on the possibility of remote measurement, on data collection time, on the scope, on the option to later process, the collected data and above all on the accuracy of all gathered data. The latter is crucial for proving the guilt or innocence of traffic accident participants at court, as inaccurate data can lead to an unjust sentence. Measurement accuracy using the above mentioned tools and methods also varies depending on which ones are used, as well as on other factors.

Precise measurement of geometric and physical quantities in cutting tools inspection and condition monitoring: A review

As one of the most important terminals in machining, cutting tools have been widely used for components manufacturing in aerospace and other industries. The quality of these components and processing efficiency are closely linked to the performance of cutting tools. Therefore, it is essential and critical to inspect the cutting tools and monitor the condition during the stage of manufacturing and machining. This review aims to discuss and summarize the key problems, methods,and techniques from the perspective of the tool geometric and the physical quantities measurement,including machine vision, physical sensors and data processing. It is worth mentioning that we focus on the topic of precision measurement methods and discuss universal solutions by identifying the common characteristics of the measured quantities. Eventually, the challenges and future trends for the development of in-depth research and practical applications are concluded. The research and application of precise measurement techniques for geometric and physical quantities will better promote the development of intelligent manufacturing.

Kinematic calibration method with high measurement efficiency and robust identification for hybrid machine tools

Geometric error is the main factor affecting the machining accuracy of hybrid machine tools.Kinematic calibration is an effective way to improve the geometric accuracy of hybrid machine tools.The necessity to measure both position and orientation at each pose,as well as the instability of identification in case of incomplete measurements,severely affects the application of traditional calibration methods.In this study,a kinematic calibration method with high measurement efficiency and robust identification is proposed to improve the kinematic accuracy of a five-axis hybrid machine tool.First,the configuration is introduced,and an error model is derived.Further,by investigating the mechanism error characteristics,a measurement scheme that only requires tool centre point position error measurement and one alignment operation is proposed.Subsequently,by analysing the effects of unmeasured degrees of freedom(DOFs)on other DOFs,an improved nonlinear least squares method based on virtual measurement values is proposed to achieve stable parameter identification in case of incomplete measurement,without introducing additional parameters.Finally,the proposed calibration method is verified through simulations and experiments.The proposed method can efficiently accomplish the kinematic calibration of the hybrid machine tool.The accuracy of the hybrid machine tool is significantly improved after calibration,satisfying actual aerospace machining requirements.

Methodological quality(risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: What are they and which is better?

Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this review,we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial(including individual and cluster),animal study,non-randomized interventional studies(including follow-up study,controlled before-and-after study,before-after/pre-post study,uncontrolled longitudinal study,interrupted time series study),cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study(including analytical and descriptive),observational case series and case reports,comparative effectiveness research,diagnostic study,health economic evaluation,prediction study(including predictor finding study,prediction model impact study,prognostic prediction model study),qualitative study,outcome measurement instruments(including patient-reported outcome measure development,content validity,structural validity,internal consistency,cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance,reliability,measurement error,criterion validity,hypotheses testing for construct validity,and responsiveness),systematic review and meta-analysis,and clinical practice guideline.The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools.In one word,comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.

An Indentation Method for Nanoprecision Measurement of Diamond Tool Edge Radius

In ductile mode cutting of brittle materials using di amond tools, such as ductile cutting of silicon and quartz for wafer fabrication , one of the key conditions for achieving ductile chip formation is to get the r ight ratio of tool cutting edge radius to the undeformed chip thickness. It has been shown that the undeformed chip thickness has to be in the order of nanomete rs and that the tool cutting edge radius has to be smaller than the undeformed c hip thickness. Therefore, nanoprecision measurement of diamond cutting tools has become a key issue for ductile mode cutting of brittle materials. In this paper , a non-destructive nanoprecision measurement method for diamond tool cutting e dge radius is presented. The basis of the method is that the exact profile of th e tool cutting edge can be perfectly copied by indenting the tool cutting edge o n the surface of a rigid-perfect plastic material, and that the copy of the pro file can be measured at nanoprecision level. Ideally, the first aspect of th e method is to make a perfect copy of the tool cutting edge profile by indentati on on the surface of a rigid-perfect plastic material which has no elastic spri ng back, so that a true copy of the tool cutting edge is maintained for subseque nt measurement. Since no rigid-perfect plastic material can be found in realit y, actual materials of rigid-elastic-plastic nature have to be used for the in dentation in the measurement method, and the material elastic error compensation coefficients have to be determined to cancel out the effect of elastic spring b ack. For the minimization of error compensation, criteria for the selection of t he optimal materials for the indentation measurement are found to be: 1) high ri gidity and high density, 2) large Young’s elastic modulus, and 3) low yield strength. One of such materials identified is copper. The second aspect of the method is to measure the radius of the indented profile on the surface of the ma terial. This can be achieved by using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and in t his paper the results for measurement of diamond tool edge radii of nanometer sc ales by indentation on a copper material are presented. The elastic error compen sation coefficient for the copper material is determined through the indentation of a tungsten carbide tool edge on the copper surface. By comparing the actual tool edge radius measured using SEM on the sectional view of the tungsten carbid e tool with the one measured from the copied profile of the tool edge on the cop per surface, the coefficient is obtained. Analysis is given for the accuracy of the proposed method, showing that as far as the elastic compensation coefficient is consistent with the material used for the indentation measurement, the only source of errors with the measurement will come from the device for measuring th e indented profile on the surface of the solid, in this case it will come from t he AFM which measures on the sub-nanometer scales.

Problems and Effective Measures of Enhancing Medical Record Coders’ Professional Qualities

Medical record coding plays an important role in hospital management and the improvement of medical record coding quality is quite important to hospital management.The professional qualities of medical record coders significantly affect the improvement of coding quality.At present,Medical record coders lack in professional knowledge,clinical knowledge and disease classification knowledge.In order to improve the quality of medical record coding,medical record coders should receive regular professional training,and hospital management departments should strengthen the monitoring of the quality of medical record coding.When encountering problems in the process of coding,medical record coders should take the initiative to consult and learn from clinicians.At the same time,medical record coders should cultivate a sense of responsibility,which can continuously improve their professional qualities and achieve the objective of improving the quality of medical record coding.

心房颤动导管消融围手术期患者体验测量工具的初步构建

目的初步构建心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)导管消融围手术期患者体验测量工具,为改善患者围手术期体验提供可量化的依据。方法于2022年6月至2023年4月采用文献分析、质性研究、德尔菲专家咨询及层次分析法,确定房颤导管消融围手术期患者体验测量问卷的内容及各测量内容的权重。结果3轮专家的积极性均为100%,专家的权威系数分别为0.946、0.961、0.976,第2、3轮专家咨询的肯德尔协调系数为0.130、0.370(P<0.001)。初步构建的AF导管消融围手术期患者体验测量工具包含操作及技术质量体验、舒适度管理体验、信息与沟通交流体验、情感支持体验、服务流程与响应体验5个维度,共46个测量条目。结论根据专科特点初步构建的AF导管消融围手术期患者体验测量工具,不仅可以精准化评估患者体验现状,而且可以为有针对性地开展相关改进医疗机构服务质量提供依据。

井中方位纵波远探测: 理论、实验与现场应用

能够测量井外数十米地质构造距离和方位的远探测声波测井正成为一种重要的地球物理应用技术.1:1地层条件下井外含反射界面的远探测测量和分析为此技术提供了物理验证.本文首先利用虚源和柱面波展开理论推导了充液井孔中单极反射纵波方位接收声场的解析形式,通过模拟证明了单井的声波辐射和接收与双井之间的辐射和接收的等效性,在此基础上提出利用两口模型井来实现方位纵波远探测实验,即在测量井中放置多方位反射纵波接收声系,在另一口副井中放置单极子声源向测量井定向辐射纵波以等效来自井外地质体的反射波,依托实验室的模型井群进行井中方位纵波远探测实验研究.实验测量结果表明井中接收反射纵波的幅度和到时对井外反射体(定向辐射波)具有较好的方位灵敏度,可由此来实现井外地质异常体的精准定位.在理论与实验指导下自主设计研制了方位纵波远探测仪器样机并开展了现场井测试成功获得高信噪比的方位反射信号,充分验证了方位纵波远探测技术的准确性和有效性.

飞机复合材料机身壁板装配技术分析与展望

复合材料以其优异的综合性能在航空航天领域得到了大量应用,其应用范围逐渐从次承力结构向主承力结构扩展,包括在机身结构的组成方面,传统的金属组装壁板逐渐被复合材料整体壁板所取代。由于复合材料壁板具有不同于传统金属材料壁板的装配工艺特点,因此对其装配方法和装配工艺提出了新的要求。针对圆筒状机身复合材料机身壁板的装配过程,分别介绍了复合材料机身壁板大尺寸测量技术、复合材料机身壁板装配定位调姿技术和复合材料机身壁板的先进制孔连接技术,系统总结了近年来国内外相关研究进展和应用情况,指出了飞机大尺寸复合材料结构装配技术未来的研究与应用方向。

应用于机床加工的总线数字量模块开发与试验研究

为了满足数控机床加工对信号量数据采集传输的实时性和稳定性的应用需求,如机床加工现场的轴运动位移硬件限位信号、气阀水阀信号、刀具测量等信号,同时能与可编程控制器建立通信进行数据交互,可实现信号量检测与控制功能。文章设计并开发基于以太网通讯技术的EtherCAT通信协议的数字量模块,对数字量模块软硬件设计内容与数据交互程序的执行流程进行研究,并通过配合标准EtherCAT通信主站TwinCAT进行试验,证明开发的数字量模块能与控制器主站正常建立通信并进行数据传输,且与EtherCAT总线通信数据周期保持同步。基于数字量信号检测设计出机床刀径测量方案,应用该数字量模块在机床加工中进行量刀试验,结果表明通过数字量模块对检测信号的实时响应计算得到的机床刀具磨损误差满足应用要求,具有工程实际价值,达到了研究的目的。

五轴数控机床旋转轴综合误差测量与辨识

针对五轴数控机床旋转轴的运动误差和几何误差的综合评估问题,在不考虑直线轴运动误差影响的情况下,提出了一种采用R-test测量仪的测量及其辨识方法。首先,测量过程按照参考球的两种不同高度设置进行,仅移动旋转轴,而不移动直线轴。其次,利用R-test测量仪对旋转轴的运动精度进行了测量。此外,假设旋转轴位置几何误差和工作台上参考球的设置误差是影响测量结果的因素,并通过最小二乘法对这些因素进行分离。采用IBS公司的R-test测量仪,对米克朗公司UCP800Duro立式五轴加工中心C轴的运动误差和几何误差进行了测量实验。研究结果表明,该方法能够正确识别旋转轴的运动误差和几何误差,可以有效地综合评估旋转轴的运动精度,并有助于进一步提高旋转工作台的精度。

基于多传感器信息融合的机床测量数据自动补偿系统

机床测量数据自动补偿能够减少加工误差,为提高机床加工精度,设计基于多传感器信息融合的机床测量数据自动补偿系统。首先设计温度传感器、单片机主控与补偿脉冲发生装置,获取机床运动数据,然后采用多传感器融合算法融合采集信息,对信息中误差处理,采用粗糙集理论寻找最佳补偿值,实现机床测量数据自动补偿。实验结果表明,该系统能够有效减少加工误差,可以满足实际应用要求。

数显量具族知识图谱的构建及其应用

数显量具种类及其关联信息的全面准确描述有助于对其深刻理解与正确选用,为此探索数显量具族知识图谱的构建与应用问题有重要意义。在数显量具本体的半自动化构建原理的基础上,采用综合算法相关度AR抽取概念,再结合词法模板、 Jaccard系数的多重聚类、 SAO结构的PPMI、 Dice测量强度等算法抽取概念关系,之后使用Protégé工具完成本体构建;提出融合实体关系类别的PRGC实体关系联合抽取模型提取语料中重叠三元组信息。设计原型系统自动化地从网页中抽取与数显量具结构和功能等相关的知识,半监督构建其知识图谱,进一步提供数显量具知识图谱的可视化与知识检索功能,从而提高数显量具知识管理的智能化程度。

基于阿贝原则的机床主轴误差测量研究

机床测量是误差补偿的前提,分析主轴箱移动时产生的阿贝误差原因,给出主轴箱沿Z轴移动时X方向和Y方向的直线度误差,根据主轴箱直线度误差数据进行建模并给予补偿,结合具体的工程实例验证了阿贝误差补偿的有效性。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关性疲劳评估工具的系统评价

目的对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关性疲劳特异性评估工具进行系统评价,为今后临床选择和开发高质量工具提供依据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库和维普数据库中,所有关于COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具相关研究。检索时限为建库至2023年5月22日。使用“基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(COSMIN)指南”对纳入工具的方法学及测量属性特征进行系统评价,综合评定证据等级并形成推荐意见。结果共纳入8个COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估量表,曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS)为A级推荐,修订版慢性病治疗功能评估—疲劳量表(MFACIT-F)、疲劳影响量表(FIS-25)、COPD和哮喘疲劳量表(CAFS)、疲劳评估工具(TFT)、中文修订版曼彻斯特COPD疲劳量表(MCFS-C)、中文修订版疲劳影响量表(FIS-C)、疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)为B级推荐。结论MCFS量表有高等证据支持内容效度、内部一致性和稳定性、中等证据支持结构效度,故暂被推荐使用,但适合我国的COPD相关性疲劳特异性评估工具仍有待进一步开发。

齿轮加工机床几何误差补偿研究综述

齿轮的加工精度是制约高端装备发展的关键瓶颈,高性能齿轮加工机床是实现齿轮高精度加工的选择。齿轮加工机床结构和运动的复杂性增加了其几何误差补偿的难度。通过分析近年来国内外多轴通用机床的几何误差补偿技术并结合齿轮加工机床几何误差补偿发展现状,对齿轮加工机床几何误差补偿技术展开综述,总结几何误差的来源,介绍多体系统理论、旋量理论、微分运动矩阵及变流理论4种可应用于几何误差建模的理论,分析采用激光干涉仪和球杆仪对直线轴及旋转轴进行几何误差测量与辨识的方法,概述通过NC数据修改对几何误差进行补偿的方法,为齿轮加工机床几何误差补偿设计提供参考。