[Objective] To analyze and compare the heavy metal inspection results of different livestock and poultry meat from different farms,wholesale markets,farmers' markets and supermarkets in different areas of China,in...[Objective] To analyze and compare the heavy metal inspection results of different livestock and poultry meat from different farms,wholesale markets,farmers' markets and supermarkets in different areas of China,in order to evaluate the health risks of livestock and poultry meat.[Method] A total of 10 500 samples of 5 kinds of livestock and poultry meat were collected in North China,Northeast China,East China,Central China,South China,Southwest China and Northwest China during 2015-2017.The samples were analyzed and evaluated with the method of index of food safety( IFS).[Result]the average over-standard rates of Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in samples were 1.10%-2.48%,0.67%-2.48%,1.00%-2.57%,0.81%-1.43% and 0.43%-1.00%,respectively,and the index of food safety was less than 1.The pollution levels of Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in livestock and poultry meat in Southwest China were higher than those in other areas,while the pollution of As in Northeast China was severer than that in other areas.The order of IFS values of different heavy metals in different livestock and poultry meat was the same.[Conclusion] The index of food safety showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry meat did not exceed the acceptable limit.展开更多
[Objectives]A method for the detection of monensin in poultry and livestock meat by pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography was established.[Methods]The sample was extracted with chloroform,de...[Objectives]A method for the detection of monensin in poultry and livestock meat by pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography was established.[Methods]The sample was extracted with chloroform,derivatized with trichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine,and centrifuged to obtain a purified solution.A C18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)was used for separation with(1.5%)acetic acid water∶methanol(volume ratio)=1∶9 as the mobile phase using a DAD detector for detection,and the external standard method was adopted for peak area quantification.[Results]Monensin had good linearity in the concentration range of 5.00-200 mg/L,with the linear correlation coefficient r 2>0.999;the detection limit was 5.00 mg/kg;the relative standard deviation was smaller than 10%;and the recoveries of standard addition experiment were in the range of 75%-110%.[Conclusions]The method has the advantages of simple pretreatment operation,good derivatization effect and fast detection speed,and is suitable for detecting monensin in poultry and livestock meat.展开更多
【目的】了解云南省部分地区生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的污染及其耐药情况。【方法】采集生鲜畜禽肉样164份,对沙门氏菌分离培养后,运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术进行鉴定;采用玻片凝集法分析沙门氏菌血清型,并通...【目的】了解云南省部分地区生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的污染及其耐药情况。【方法】采集生鲜畜禽肉样164份,对沙门氏菌分离培养后,运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术进行鉴定;采用玻片凝集法分析沙门氏菌血清型,并通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型和聚类分析;再用药敏检测板(微量肉汤稀释法)对沙门氏菌进行14种抗生素药敏试验。【结果】164份样品中,有12份样品检出沙门氏菌19株,总检出率为7.32%;分属于5个血清群,B群最多(10株,占52.60%);主要血清型包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌5株、圣保罗沙门氏菌3株、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌2株和鸭沙门氏菌2株。15株沙门氏菌PFGE分型产生14条不同的带型,表明畜禽肉中的少数沙门氏菌存在地域聚集,且存在交叉污染。19株沙门氏菌中有17株对抗生素耐药,多重耐药率为68.42%。【结论】生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌检出率较高,呈现多重血清型,存在地域交叉污染,且耐药情况较为严重,需加强生肉制品卫生管理及抗生素使用管理。展开更多
Climate change poses great risks to poverty alleviation, food security and livelihoods sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa, declining crop yields and livestock productivity, especially in ASALs that suffer from fragi...Climate change poses great risks to poverty alleviation, food security and livelihoods sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa, declining crop yields and livestock productivity, especially in ASALs that suffer from fragile ecosystems characterized by frequent droughts and low rainfall. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) objectives of improving productivity and incomes, adaptation, resilience to climate change and mitigation on GHGs emissions, are responses to these climate risks. CSA technologies, innovation and management practices (TIMPs) in general do exist, however they are concentrated in crop farming neglecting livestock production and especially in marginalized areas such as ASALs, which forms 85% of Kenyan land mass and is dominated by pastoral and nomadic livestock production. Most CSA practices are mainly at the production level and hardly extend to the entire value chain, and diffusion is slow due to several barriers. A mixed method approach was used to evaluate barriers to actors’ adoption of CSA in the pastoral Livestock red meat value chain starting from input suppliers, producers, to consumers (pasture to plate). This study used six broad perspectives to examine the barriers: 1) Knowledge and institutional;2) Market and financial;3) Policy and incentives;4) Networks and engagement platforms;5) Cultural and social;6) Physical infrastructure barriers. These barriers can be surmounted with concerted efforts from the government, development partners, pastoral communities, value chain actors and public private partnership among others. Efforts such as modernization of the pastoral red meat value chains, integration of MSMEs into the livestock systems, access to affordable financing, availability of context based, affordable CSA TIMPs, incentives, policies and institutional support, which currently remains inadequate. Institutional barriers like lack of capacity, coupled with knowledge and behavioral barriers hinder adoption. Financial institutions and cooperative societies can be enablers, however, their reluctance to invest in the sector is a barrier too.展开更多
To deal with concerns in China about environmental degradation and a growth in population accompanied by increased consumption of livestock products, a meat alternative is required. This study compared the environment...To deal with concerns in China about environmental degradation and a growth in population accompanied by increased consumption of livestock products, a meat alternative is required. This study compared the environmental impacts of producing different protein sources for nutrition, including crops, livestock products, and cultured meat. The results showed that cultured meat has the lowest land use per unit of protein and unit of human digestible energy. China＇s crops have the lowest energy use and greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions per unit of energy and protein. The energy use in cultured meat production is slightly higher than that of current pork production in China, whereas GHG emissions are lower. It is concluded that the overall impact of replacing livestock products with cultured meat would be beneficial for China＇s environment and would potentially improve food security because less land is needed to produce the same amount of protein and energy.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1601800)
文摘[Objective] To analyze and compare the heavy metal inspection results of different livestock and poultry meat from different farms,wholesale markets,farmers' markets and supermarkets in different areas of China,in order to evaluate the health risks of livestock and poultry meat.[Method] A total of 10 500 samples of 5 kinds of livestock and poultry meat were collected in North China,Northeast China,East China,Central China,South China,Southwest China and Northwest China during 2015-2017.The samples were analyzed and evaluated with the method of index of food safety( IFS).[Result]the average over-standard rates of Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in samples were 1.10%-2.48%,0.67%-2.48%,1.00%-2.57%,0.81%-1.43% and 0.43%-1.00%,respectively,and the index of food safety was less than 1.The pollution levels of Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in livestock and poultry meat in Southwest China were higher than those in other areas,while the pollution of As in Northeast China was severer than that in other areas.The order of IFS values of different heavy metals in different livestock and poultry meat was the same.[Conclusion] The index of food safety showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry meat did not exceed the acceptable limit.
文摘[Objectives]A method for the detection of monensin in poultry and livestock meat by pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography was established.[Methods]The sample was extracted with chloroform,derivatized with trichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine,and centrifuged to obtain a purified solution.A C18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)was used for separation with(1.5%)acetic acid water∶methanol(volume ratio)=1∶9 as the mobile phase using a DAD detector for detection,and the external standard method was adopted for peak area quantification.[Results]Monensin had good linearity in the concentration range of 5.00-200 mg/L,with the linear correlation coefficient r 2>0.999;the detection limit was 5.00 mg/kg;the relative standard deviation was smaller than 10%;and the recoveries of standard addition experiment were in the range of 75%-110%.[Conclusions]The method has the advantages of simple pretreatment operation,good derivatization effect and fast detection speed,and is suitable for detecting monensin in poultry and livestock meat.
文摘【目的】了解云南省部分地区生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的污染及其耐药情况。【方法】采集生鲜畜禽肉样164份,对沙门氏菌分离培养后,运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术进行鉴定;采用玻片凝集法分析沙门氏菌血清型,并通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型和聚类分析;再用药敏检测板(微量肉汤稀释法)对沙门氏菌进行14种抗生素药敏试验。【结果】164份样品中,有12份样品检出沙门氏菌19株,总检出率为7.32%;分属于5个血清群,B群最多(10株,占52.60%);主要血清型包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌5株、圣保罗沙门氏菌3株、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌2株和鸭沙门氏菌2株。15株沙门氏菌PFGE分型产生14条不同的带型,表明畜禽肉中的少数沙门氏菌存在地域聚集,且存在交叉污染。19株沙门氏菌中有17株对抗生素耐药,多重耐药率为68.42%。【结论】生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌检出率较高,呈现多重血清型,存在地域交叉污染,且耐药情况较为严重,需加强生肉制品卫生管理及抗生素使用管理。
文摘Climate change poses great risks to poverty alleviation, food security and livelihoods sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa, declining crop yields and livestock productivity, especially in ASALs that suffer from fragile ecosystems characterized by frequent droughts and low rainfall. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) objectives of improving productivity and incomes, adaptation, resilience to climate change and mitigation on GHGs emissions, are responses to these climate risks. CSA technologies, innovation and management practices (TIMPs) in general do exist, however they are concentrated in crop farming neglecting livestock production and especially in marginalized areas such as ASALs, which forms 85% of Kenyan land mass and is dominated by pastoral and nomadic livestock production. Most CSA practices are mainly at the production level and hardly extend to the entire value chain, and diffusion is slow due to several barriers. A mixed method approach was used to evaluate barriers to actors’ adoption of CSA in the pastoral Livestock red meat value chain starting from input suppliers, producers, to consumers (pasture to plate). This study used six broad perspectives to examine the barriers: 1) Knowledge and institutional;2) Market and financial;3) Policy and incentives;4) Networks and engagement platforms;5) Cultural and social;6) Physical infrastructure barriers. These barriers can be surmounted with concerted efforts from the government, development partners, pastoral communities, value chain actors and public private partnership among others. Efforts such as modernization of the pastoral red meat value chains, integration of MSMEs into the livestock systems, access to affordable financing, availability of context based, affordable CSA TIMPs, incentives, policies and institutional support, which currently remains inadequate. Institutional barriers like lack of capacity, coupled with knowledge and behavioral barriers hinder adoption. Financial institutions and cooperative societies can be enablers, however, their reluctance to invest in the sector is a barrier too.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060221)the program for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-38)from Ministry of Agriculture of China
文摘To deal with concerns in China about environmental degradation and a growth in population accompanied by increased consumption of livestock products, a meat alternative is required. This study compared the environmental impacts of producing different protein sources for nutrition, including crops, livestock products, and cultured meat. The results showed that cultured meat has the lowest land use per unit of protein and unit of human digestible energy. China＇s crops have the lowest energy use and greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions per unit of energy and protein. The energy use in cultured meat production is slightly higher than that of current pork production in China, whereas GHG emissions are lower. It is concluded that the overall impact of replacing livestock products with cultured meat would be beneficial for China＇s environment and would potentially improve food security because less land is needed to produce the same amount of protein and energy.
