Based on the detection of the dynamic and thermodynamic functions of the physical processes in IAP3.0, the equilibrium mechanisms of the temperature, moisture and wind axe analyzed. The negative feedback between the l...Based on the detection of the dynamic and thermodynamic functions of the physical processes in IAP3.0, the equilibrium mechanisms of the temperature, moisture and wind axe analyzed. The negative feedback between the longwave radiation and temperature is verified. The cooling regulation of net radiation on temperature is mostly balanced by the heating of precipitation; the leading actions on temperature of other processes such as vertical diffusion, shallow cumulus convection and friction are merely available for lower air. The moisture consumption of precipitation is compensated on the whole by the provision of shallow cumulus convection, which sustains the moisture conservation to a high degree. The wind field is directly regulated by the momentum redistribution of cumulus, the dry adiabatic convection and vertical diffusion. Yet, the prominent influences of these processes are generally confined to the lower level. The east wind at low latitudes and the west wind at high latitudes are both weakened by the regulations and furthermore, by virtue of the transportation of mean meridional circulation, such a variation exactly maintains the angular momentum conservation.展开更多
The main objective of this article is to investigate the behavior of gaseous systems with two and more independent gradients or thermodynamic forces exhibiting complicated behavior,when the convective flows occur.The ...The main objective of this article is to investigate the behavior of gaseous systems with two and more independent gradients or thermodynamic forces exhibiting complicated behavior,when the convective flows occur.The existence of structural formations in these systems is shown by the schlieren method and the fast-response transducers.The linear analysis of stability can explain reasons of the appearance of convective instability in multicomponent gas mixtures.展开更多
The lack of experimental data and / or limited experimental information concerning both surface and transport properties of liquid alloys often require the prediction of these quantities. An attempt has been made to l...The lack of experimental data and / or limited experimental information concerning both surface and transport properties of liquid alloys often require the prediction of these quantities. An attempt has been made to link the thermophysical properties of a ternary Cu-Sn-Ti system and its binary Cu-Sn, Cu-Ti and SnoTi subsystems with the bulk through the study of the concentration dependence of various thermodynamic, structural, surface and dynamic properties in the frame of the statistical mechanical theory in conjunction with the quasi-lattice theory (QLT). This formalism provides valuable qualitative insight into mixing processes that occur in molten alloys.展开更多
The reaction mechanism of CHF radical with HNCO was investigated by the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT), while the geometries and harmonic vibration frequencies of reactants, intermediates, transitio...The reaction mechanism of CHF radical with HNCO was investigated by the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT), while the geometries and harmonic vibration frequencies of reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. In the temperature range of 100-2600 K, the statistical thermody- namics and Eyring transition state theory with Winger correction were used to study the thermodynamic and kinetic characters of the channel with low energy barrier. In addition, the analysis on the combining interaction between CHF radical and HNCO was performed by atom-in-molecules theory (AIM) and natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis. The calculation results indicated that the reaction of CHF radical with HNCO had ten channels, and the channel of NH direct extraction (CHF + HNCO→IM6→TS7→IM7→CHFNH + CO) in singlet state was the main channel with low potential energy and high equilibrium constant and reaction rate constant. CHFNH and CO were the main products.展开更多
We found another critical mass ratio value -↑μ between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has ...We found another critical mass ratio value -↑μ between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has not been pointed out before. We used numerical computations to show how the long period family evolves around this critical value. The case is similar to that of the critical values between μ2 and μ4, with slight difference in evolution details.展开更多
Consider a resource sharing system in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks where peers act as both suppliers and customers of resources.Each participant obtains the utility by exchanging its resources with its neighbors accordin...Consider a resource sharing system in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks where peers act as both suppliers and customers of resources.Each participant obtains the utility by exchanging its resources with its neighbors according to the preset rules.A series of recent work considered a market equilibrium mechanism and studied the robustness of such a protocol against the Sybil attack strategy,which is a kind of grave threat in P2P system.The concept of incentive ratio is applied to measure how much a participant could gain from the Sybil attack by splitting its identity and reconstructing its communication connections with others.Although Chen et al.(Incentive ratios of a proportional sharing mechanism in resource sharing.In:23rd Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference,2017)proved the incentive ratio on cycle networks is bounded by 2 and 4,an open problem is left that is how to narrow the gap furthermore.In this paper,we improve the upper bound of incentive ratio on cycle networks to 3.This improvement comes from a better understanding of the market equilibrium mechanism and a novel analysis technique for the improvement in utility.展开更多
Mn distribution and austenite morphology at the early stage of intercritical annealing of 5Mn steel were investigated. It was experimentally demonstrated that a newly formed 20 nm-thick austenite was formed without th...Mn distribution and austenite morphology at the early stage of intercritical annealing of 5Mn steel were investigated. It was experimentally demonstrated that a newly formed 20 nm-thick austenite was formed without the partitioning of Mn. The elemental analysis confirmed that the growth of austenite should be controlled by the diffusion of C prior to the diffusion of Mn at a low heating rate. The austenite growth started under negligible-partitioning local equilibrium mode and then switched to partitioning local equilibrium mode. Mn segregation at the γ/α interface suggested that the collector plate mechanism was the essential way of Mn partitioning at the early stage of austenite growth.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.40233027.
文摘Based on the detection of the dynamic and thermodynamic functions of the physical processes in IAP3.0, the equilibrium mechanisms of the temperature, moisture and wind axe analyzed. The negative feedback between the longwave radiation and temperature is verified. The cooling regulation of net radiation on temperature is mostly balanced by the heating of precipitation; the leading actions on temperature of other processes such as vertical diffusion, shallow cumulus convection and friction are merely available for lower air. The moisture consumption of precipitation is compensated on the whole by the provision of shallow cumulus convection, which sustains the moisture conservation to a high degree. The wind field is directly regulated by the momentum redistribution of cumulus, the dry adiabatic convection and vertical diffusion. Yet, the prominent influences of these processes are generally confined to the lower level. The east wind at low latitudes and the west wind at high latitudes are both weakened by the regulations and furthermore, by virtue of the transportation of mean meridional circulation, such a variation exactly maintains the angular momentum conservation.
基金support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakh-stan(1107/GF and 0177/PGF)
文摘The main objective of this article is to investigate the behavior of gaseous systems with two and more independent gradients or thermodynamic forces exhibiting complicated behavior,when the convective flows occur.The existence of structural formations in these systems is shown by the schlieren method and the fast-response transducers.The linear analysis of stability can explain reasons of the appearance of convective instability in multicomponent gas mixtures.
基金This work was financially supported by THERMOLAB - ESA MAP PROJECT, Contract No. AO-99-022. A part of this work was performed in the framework of the E.C. action COST 531 project: "Lead-free solder materials".
文摘The lack of experimental data and / or limited experimental information concerning both surface and transport properties of liquid alloys often require the prediction of these quantities. An attempt has been made to link the thermophysical properties of a ternary Cu-Sn-Ti system and its binary Cu-Sn, Cu-Ti and SnoTi subsystems with the bulk through the study of the concentration dependence of various thermodynamic, structural, surface and dynamic properties in the frame of the statistical mechanical theory in conjunction with the quasi-lattice theory (QLT). This formalism provides valuable qualitative insight into mixing processes that occur in molten alloys.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.1208RJZM289)
文摘The reaction mechanism of CHF radical with HNCO was investigated by the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT), while the geometries and harmonic vibration frequencies of reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. In the temperature range of 100-2600 K, the statistical thermody- namics and Eyring transition state theory with Winger correction were used to study the thermodynamic and kinetic characters of the channel with low energy barrier. In addition, the analysis on the combining interaction between CHF radical and HNCO was performed by atom-in-molecules theory (AIM) and natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis. The calculation results indicated that the reaction of CHF radical with HNCO had ten channels, and the channel of NH direct extraction (CHF + HNCO→IM6→TS7→IM7→CHFNH + CO) in singlet state was the main channel with low potential energy and high equilibrium constant and reaction rate constant. CHFNH and CO were the main products.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘We found another critical mass ratio value -↑μ between μ4 and μ5 concerning the genealogy of the long period family around the equilateral equilibrium point L4 in the restricted three-body problem. This value has not been pointed out before. We used numerical computations to show how the long period family evolves around this critical value. The case is similar to that of the critical values between μ2 and μ4, with slight difference in evolution details.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11871366 and 61803279).
文摘Consider a resource sharing system in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks where peers act as both suppliers and customers of resources.Each participant obtains the utility by exchanging its resources with its neighbors according to the preset rules.A series of recent work considered a market equilibrium mechanism and studied the robustness of such a protocol against the Sybil attack strategy,which is a kind of grave threat in P2P system.The concept of incentive ratio is applied to measure how much a participant could gain from the Sybil attack by splitting its identity and reconstructing its communication connections with others.Although Chen et al.(Incentive ratios of a proportional sharing mechanism in resource sharing.In:23rd Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference,2017)proved the incentive ratio on cycle networks is bounded by 2 and 4,an open problem is left that is how to narrow the gap furthermore.In this paper,we improve the upper bound of incentive ratio on cycle networks to 3.This improvement comes from a better understanding of the market equilibrium mechanism and a novel analysis technique for the improvement in utility.
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB630800,2015CB921700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51001064,51471096)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20100002120047)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20141081200)
文摘Mn distribution and austenite morphology at the early stage of intercritical annealing of 5Mn steel were investigated. It was experimentally demonstrated that a newly formed 20 nm-thick austenite was formed without the partitioning of Mn. The elemental analysis confirmed that the growth of austenite should be controlled by the diffusion of C prior to the diffusion of Mn at a low heating rate. The austenite growth started under negligible-partitioning local equilibrium mode and then switched to partitioning local equilibrium mode. Mn segregation at the γ/α interface suggested that the collector plate mechanism was the essential way of Mn partitioning at the early stage of austenite growth.