Cognitive interference decision method for air defense missile fuze based on reinforcement learning

To solve the problem of the low interference success rate of air defense missile radio fuzes due to the unified interference form of the traditional fuze interference system,an interference decision method based Q-learning algorithm is proposed.First,dividing the distance between the missile and the target into multiple states to increase the quantity of state spaces.Second,a multidimensional motion space is utilized,and the search range of which changes with the distance of the projectile,to select parameters and minimize the amount of ineffective interference parameters.The interference effect is determined by detecting whether the fuze signal disappears.Finally,a weighted reward function is used to determine the reward value based on the range state,output power,and parameter quantity information of the interference form.The effectiveness of the proposed method in selecting the range of motion space parameters and designing the discrimination degree of the reward function has been verified through offline experiments involving full-range missile rendezvous.The optimal interference form for each distance state has been obtained.Compared with the single-interference decision method,the proposed decision method can effectively improve the success rate of interference.

Underwater four-quadrant dual-beam circumferential scanning laser fuze using nonlinear adaptive backscatter filter based on pauseable SAF-LMS algorithm

The phenomenon of a target echo peak overlapping with the backscattered echo peak significantly undermines the detection range and precision of underwater laser fuzes.To overcome this issue,we propose a four-quadrant dual-beam circumferential scanning laser fuze to distinguish various interference signals and provide more real-time data for the backscatter filtering algorithm.This enhances the algorithm loading capability of the fuze.In order to address the problem of insufficient filtering capacity in existing linear backscatter filtering algorithms,we develop a nonlinear backscattering adaptive filter based on the spline adaptive filter least mean square(SAF-LMS)algorithm.We also designed an algorithm pause module to retain the original trend of the target echo peak,improving the time discrimination accuracy and anti-interference capability of the fuze.Finally,experiments are conducted with varying signal-to-noise ratios of the original underwater target echo signals.The experimental results show that the average signal-to-noise ratio before and after filtering can be improved by more than31 d B,with an increase of up to 76%in extreme detection distance.

Automatic modulation recognition of radio fuzes using a DR2D-based adaptive denoising method and textural feature extraction

The identification of intercepted radio fuze modulation types is a prerequisite for decision-making in interference systems.However,the electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields is complex,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of such environments is usually low,which makes it difficult to implement accurate recognition of radio fuzes.To solve the above problem,a radio fuze automatic modulation recognition(AMR)method for low-SNR environments is proposed.First,an adaptive denoising algorithm based on data rearrangement and the two-dimensional(2D)fast Fourier transform(FFT)(DR2D)is used to reduce the noise of the intercepted radio fuze intermediate frequency(IF)signal.Then,the textural features of the denoised IF signal rearranged data matrix are extracted from the statistical indicator vectors of gray-level cooccurrence matrices(GLCMs),and support vector machines(SVMs)are used for classification.The DR2D-based adaptive denoising algorithm achieves an average correlation coefficient of more than 0.76 for ten fuze types under SNRs of-10 d B and above,which is higher than that of other typical algorithms.The trained SVM classification model achieves an average recognition accuracy of more than 96%on seven modulation types and recognition accuracies of more than 94%on each modulation type under SNRs of-12 d B and above,which represents a good AMR performance of radio fuzes under low SNRs.

A multi-source information fusion layer counting method for penetration fuze based on TCN-LSTM

When employing penetration ammunition to strike multi-story buildings,the detection methods using acceleration sensors suffer from signal aliasing,while magnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from ferromagnetic materials,thereby posing challenges in accurately determining the number of layers.To address this issue,this research proposes a layer counting method for penetration fuze that incorporates multi-source information fusion,utilizing both the temporal convolutional network(TCN)and the long short-term memory(LSTM)recurrent network.By leveraging the strengths of these two network structures,the method extracts temporal and high-dimensional features from the multi-source physical field during the penetration process,establishing a relationship between the multi-source physical field and the distance between the fuze and the target plate.A simulation model is developed to simulate the overload and magnetic field of a projectile penetrating multiple layers of target plates,capturing the multi-source physical field signals and their patterns during the penetration process.The analysis reveals that the proposed multi-source fusion layer counting method reduces errors by 60% and 50% compared to single overload layer counting and single magnetic anomaly signal layer counting,respectively.The model's predictive performance is evaluated under various operating conditions,including different ratios of added noise to random sample positions,penetration speeds,and spacing between target plates.The maximum errors in fuze penetration time predicted by the three modes are 0.08 ms,0.12 ms,and 0.16 ms,respectively,confirming the robustness of the proposed model.Moreover,the model's predictions indicate that the fitting degree for large interlayer spacings is superior to that for small interlayer spacings due to the influence of stress waves.

The approximate conserved quantity of the weakly nonholonomic mechanical-electrical system

We study the approximate conserved quantity of the weakly nonholonomic mechanical-electrical system. By means of the Lagrange-Maxwell equation, the Noether equality of the weakly nonholonomic mechanical-electrical system is obtained. The multiple powers-series expansion of the parameter of the generators of infinitesimal transformations and the gauge function is put into a generalized Noether identity. Using the Noether theorem, we obtain an approximate conserved quantity. An example is provided to prove the existence of the approximate conserved quantity.

Morphological stability analysis of vesicles with mechanical-electrical coupling effects

Using a recently established liquid crystal model for vesicles, we present a theoretical method to analyze the morphological stability of liquid crystal vesicles in an electric field. The coupled mechanical-electrical effects associated with elastic bending, osmotic pressure, surface tension, Max- well pressure, as well as flexoelectric and dielectric proper- ties of the membrane are taken into account. The first and second variations of the free energy are derived in a com- pact form by virtue of the surface variational principle. The former leads to the shape equation of a vesicle embedded in an electric field, and the latter allows us to examine the stabil- ity of a given vesicle morphology. As an illustrative exam- ple, we analyze the stability of a spherical vesicle under a uniform electric field. This study is helpful for understanding and revealing the morphological evolution mechanisms of vesicles in electric fields and some associated phenomena of cells.

Lie Symmetry and Conserved Quantities for Mechanical-Electrical Systems

In this paper, we study Lie symmetry and conserved quantities for a mechanical-electrical system. The criterion of the Lie symmetry for this system is given. The generalized Hojman conserved quantity and generalized Lutzky conserved quantity deduced from the Lie symmetry for the system are obtained. An example is presented to illustrate the results.

分布电容对引信共线装定系统信息传输特性的影响及其优化

针对引信共线装定过程中分布电容影响装定可靠性的问题,建立基于装定器模块、能量与信息传输模块、引信电路模块的等效电路模型。分别研究在装定输出信号为高电平时和低电平时两种情况下,分布电容对共线装定系统信息传输特性的影响。得出高电平时分布电容对共线装定系统影响较小的结论,并推导低电平时引信识别到的接收信号的低电平脉宽与分布电容的关系式。提出两种优化方法,一种利用二极管屏蔽外部因素如并入电缆引入的电容;另一种利用并联一个阻值较小电阻的方法来降低系统的时间常数,从而提高引信识别到的低电平脉宽,提高装定可靠性。经仿真和实验验证,两种方法均提高了引信识别接收信号的可靠性。

引信炸点控制对压制类弹药毁伤效能的影响

为了使对地压制类弹药引信进一步提升炸点控制能力,以提升毁伤效能,基于射击迹线法和毁伤元特征参数,重构了战斗部威力场,结合对地杀爆类弹药打击目标的特点,给出了毁伤表征方法,定义了引信控制毁伤下降率,详细分析了一种榴弹打击有生力量时的引信炸点控制对毁伤效能的影响规律,并基于引信控制毁伤下降率,获得了最佳炸高和最佳炸高区间。研究发现,引信的炸点控制对弹药的毁伤效能具有显著影响,不同的落速、落角拥有不同的最佳炸高。以一种榴弹为例,引信炸高(1 m)偏离最佳炸高(7 m)时毁伤下降率可高达29%以上,且落角越大毁伤下降率越明显,即炸点控制对毁伤效能影响越显著。

基于弹-靶参数匹配的侵彻多层目标引信载荷特性分析

为了更准确地分析侵彻多层目标过程中引信的载荷特性,通过空腔膨胀理论和微分面元法分析不同侵彻多层目标工况下的弹-靶作用力特性,结合应力波波动方程分析弹-靶作用力在弹体内的传播特性及弹-引系统频响特性,综合两方面结果揭示侵彻速度与靶间距决定的弹-靶作用力基频、弹-引系统结构决定的频响特性二者之间的关系决定了引信的载荷特性。弹-引系统的有限元仿真及试验测试结果进一步证明,高速侵彻多层目标条件下引信的频响特征不是固定地集中在某一频率,当弹-引系统的某1阶轴向振动固有频率与弹-靶作用力基频的整数倍相近时,引信载荷频响特征将在该阶轴向振动固有频率附近出现明显的集中。侵彻多层目标过程中弹-靶参数对引信载荷特性的影响分析对引信起爆控制算法及防护设计具有重要的指导意义。

引信软件安全性与引信安全系统软件安全性探讨

首先结合相关标准探讨了引信软件安全性与引信安全系统软件安全性的概念以及内涵,讨论了引信软件安全性的不同维度。进而对引信安全系统软件安全性进行了分析,明确了引信安全系统软件主要特点。最后对当前引信系统软件安全性存在的部分问题给出了建议与改进措施。

动能侵彻弹装药起爆可靠性试验及敏感因素分析

为研究弹体结构设计对弹体装药起爆可靠性的影响,设计了一种低成本、便捷式引战静态匹配试验装置,开展了不同条件下引信与装药的传爆裕度试验。基于移动最小二乘法,构建了可表征起爆可靠性的多变量响应函数,定量分析了各敏感因素及其耦合作用对起爆可靠性的影响规律。结果表明:传爆间隙和缓冲层厚度对弹体装药起爆影响较大,而隔板厚度在预设3~5 mm范围内的影响较小;为保证动能侵彻弹在使用环境温度范围内可靠作用,引信相对偏离位置、隔板厚度、传爆间隙以及缓冲层厚度分别不应超过25、3.5、25以及22 mm。该试验装置、分析方法及研究成果可为动能侵彻弹结构设计及可靠性验证提供借鉴和指导。

区间概率下基于证据理论的引信安全失效率评估方法

针对底事件基础数据匮乏给引信安全性评估带来的难题,采用证据理论对区间概率下的引信安全失效率进行分析和评估。通过构造基本信任分配函数来表征底事件区间概率的不确定性;在此基础上,利用累积似然函数和累计信任函数,基于故障树的结构函数将不确定性逐层传递,最终获得顶事件的概率包络。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅给出了引信安全失效率的上下界限,同时提供了其所有可能的累积分布函数,适用于对引信安全失效率进行评估和不确定性量化。

小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离研究

针对现有小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截及开舱距离模拟中,无法体现开舱后子弹云团与目标的动态交会过程,并忽略了定距空爆引信实际启动规律,导致毁伤效能评估不准确的问题,开展小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟及开舱距离进行研究。通过建立多束定向预制破片战斗部、弹目交会及以巡航导弹为拦截目标的等效目标数值模型,搭建小口径定距空爆弹末端防空拦截实时模拟平台。基于实时模拟平台,引入武器系统误差与定距空爆引信实测启动规律,分析炮弹在不同射击距离下开舱距离与毁伤效能的关系,并对小口径定距空爆弹引信技术发展方向进行展望。研究结果表明,引信实际启动规律使得最优毁伤效能随射击距离的增加而减少的幅度增大,在射击远距离目标时,0~20 m的开舱距离内都存在着较高的完全脱靶率。

基于磁异探测的侵彻引信计层方法

针对侵彻弹药打击多层建筑物时传统加速度传感器探测方法存在信号振荡混叠、粘连严重、难以精确计层的问题,提出基于磁异探测的侵彻过程精确计层方法。楼层建筑结构中的钢筋会对周围地磁场分布产生扰动,引信随战斗部侵彻目标时,利用磁传感器探测楼层周围地磁场畸变产生的磁异信号,从而完成侵彻过程的状态识别。建立多层钢筋混凝土靶板磁场仿真模型与弹丸侵彻多层目标磁场仿真模型,得到楼层周围空间磁场分布特征与侵彻过程引信部位磁场强度变化规律,分析了斜侵、钢筋疏密、弹体材料等对侵彻过程磁信号变化的影响。发现侵彻过程中磁信号幅度与楼层位置存在明确的对应关系,信号特征明显,且弹体材料磁导率越低、靶板钢筋含量越高,越利于磁探测的信号处理。设计了磁异探测实验室实验,测试结果表明,穿靶过程磁异信号清晰易辩,原理可行。

SAR无线电引信目标定向探测模型及仿真

为了提高打击地面目标无线电引信定向起爆控制能力,提出一种基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)的对地无线电引信目标定向算法。通过构建弹目交会场景,采用SAR原理合成得到窄波束,对两波束的回波信号进行和差计算得到目标与弹轴的夹角。仿真结果表明,该算法对弹目交会角在39°~64°的方向,目标定向识别误差不大于1.2°,表明了SAR技术能够大幅提高无线电引信对目标的定向精度和算法的泛用性,能够为无线电引信目标定向起爆技术提供技术支持。

基于模糊逻辑的引信检测机械手视觉定位方法

为了提高引信出厂检测的质量和效率,该文设计了一种引信自动检测系统。针对机械手与检测装置的自主对准和对接的问题,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的引信与检测装置自主对准控制算法。以引信和检测装置的相对位置和偏差角作为控制变量,设计了二维模糊控制器。通过对控制器的动态调整,可以输出最优运动参数。与传统的引信检测方法相比,该算法进一步提高了引信检测的效率和定位精度。开发了引信全流程自动检测系统的物理样机,并进行了机器人现场操作试验,验证了所提出的视觉定位算法的有效性和工程实用性。

独立测距通道超低空无线电引信

针对多通道功能复用脉冲或脉冲多普勒(PD)引信测距误差较大,严重制约引信超低空性能的问题,提出基于独立测距通道的超低空无线电引信。该超低空无线电引信由目标探测通道和独立测距通道组成,其中目标探测通道采用PD体制,独立测距通道采用线性调频连续波(LFMCW)体制。仿真分析结果表明,基于独立测距通道的超低空无线电引信安全距离仅需0.7 m,在目标探测通道距离波门调整过程中引信目标探测区得到最大程度的保留,同时具备3 m高度飞行目标的近距探测能力。

降雨和大气分子环境对引信回波响应的影响

针对大气环境特性数据在引信工程设计中运用不足的问题,基于Monte-Carlo辐射传输模型和数字信号处理模型,提出了一种将大气环境特性数据应用于引信回波响应特性的仿真建模方法,利用ITU建立雨衰模型,验证了本文中的雨衰模型,研究了雨滴、水蒸气和氧气分子综合作用下对非大气窗口毫米波的衰减特性,并将毫米波的衰减特性数据应用于引信回波响应特性的仿真建模中,建立了引信回波响应模型,给出了引信回波响应特性中的一维距离像和距离-多普勒像,分析了暴雨和特大暴雨中引信目标回波功率和信噪比的变化规律。研究发现,中心频率60、118、184 GHz引信目标回波功率在暴雨中分别降低了2.5、1.8、2.9 dB,信噪比分别降低了1.2、0.9、1.3 dB。结果表明:即使是特大暴雨,空气中雨滴的散射与吸收作用对短距离引信目标回波并不能产生质的改变,但会降低目标回波的信噪比,使引信探测系统目标检测概率下降。从无雨到暴雨再到特大暴雨,中心频率60 GHz引信回波信噪比分别为15.7、14.4、12.9 dB,基于Neyman-Pearson准则,当引信探测系统虚警概率为10-7时,引信探测器的目标检测概率分别为0.999 7、0.986 9和0.852 1,结果显示,极端条件下的降雨颗粒和大气分子的衰减特性对引信的目标检测概率影响显著。文中降雨和大气分子对引信探测影响的建模方法可为引信工程设计中的环境适应性评估提供理论与方法支撑。

限位自闭锁式引信MEMS安全与解除隔离装置

针对小口径榴弹引信安全与解除隔离装置(安解装置)体积缩小的同时加强冗余保险性能和结构强度的要求,提出了一种基于电铸镍材料的改进型限位自闭锁式引信MEMS安解装置。装置利用后坐环境和离心环境激励特点,加以指令控制的电动推销器实现三道独立冗余保险和延期解除隔离功能需求,区别于传统隔爆机构需要借助额外微弹簧辅助锁紧,该装置隔爆机构借助一种反锁卡簧结构实现限位自闭锁,且能够实现环境激励下的无碰撞反弹一次闭锁到位。利用刚柔耦合动力学和有限元仿真模拟并加以样机试验的手段,探究在规定的技术指标下安解装置的解保动作和闭锁强度。仿真与样机试验结果均表明:所提装置可识别正常发射的后坐和离心环境激励,满足安全解除保险的动作要求且不会发生材料强度失效,该安解装置简单可靠。