Analysis on the medication rules and mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cervical cancer

Objective: To summarize the rule of application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the compatibility of core herbs. Methods: Collect relevant literatures on cervical cancer in Chinese National Knowledgey Ifrastructure (CNKI), use TCM inheritance platform system (TCMISSV2.5) for association rules and complex system entropy clustering analysis;use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tools to construct target-pathway-disease network to reveal the underlying mechanisms of action. Results: Among the 78 prescriptions selected, a total of 172 Chinese medicines were used, and the five most frequently used herbs were Huang-bo (Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex), Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Gan-cao (Licorice). Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Bai-zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos) are the three most commonly used medicine match. In addition, through cluster analysis, a total of 4 core herbs compatibility and 2 new prescriptions were excavated. Herbs in the new prescriptions which are used to clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness were most frequently used. Through the analysis of the signal pathway of high frequency Chinese medicines, we found that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway may play important roles. Conclusion: The core Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are mainly clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness. The core Chinese medicines may play their anti-cervical cancer by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway.

Anticancer Activities and Mechanism of Action of Nagilactones, a Group of Terpenoid Lactones Isolated from Podocarpus Species

Nagilactones are tetracyclic natural products isolated from various Podocarpus species.These lactone-based compounds display a range of pharmacological effects,including antifungal,anti-atherosclerosis,anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities reviewed here.The most active derivatives,such as nagilactones C,E and F,exhibit potent anticancer activities against different cancer cell lines and tumor models.A comprehensive analysis of their mechanism of action indicates that their anticancer activity mainly derives from three complementary action:(i)a drug-induced inhibition of cell proliferation coupled with a cell cycle perturbation and induction of apoptosis,(ii)a blockade of the epithelial to mesenchymal cell transi-tion contributing to an inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion and(iii)a capacity to modulate the PD-L1 immune checkpoint.Different molecular effectors have been implicated in the antitumor activity,chiefly the AP-1 pathway blocked upon activation of the JNK/c-Jun axis.Nag-C is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis binding to eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibition of different protein kinases,such as RIOK2 and JAK2,has been postulated with Nag-E.The literature survey on nagilactones highlights the therapeutic potential of these little-known terpenoids.The mechanistic analysis also provides useful information for structurally related compounds(podolactones,oidiolactones,inumakilactones)isolated from Podo-carpus plants.

Hinokiflavone and Related C-O-C-Type Biflavonoids as Anti-cancer Compounds:Properties and Mechanism of Action

Biflavonoids are divided in two classes:C-C type compounds represented by the dimeric compound amentoflavone and C-O-C-type compounds typified by hinokiflavone(HNK)with an ether linkage between the two connected apigenin units.This later sub-group of bisflavonyl ethers includes HNK,ochnaflavone,delicaflavone and a few other dimeric compounds,found in a variety of plants,notably Selaginella species.A comprehensive review of the anticancer properties and mechanism of action of HNK is provided,to highlight the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities of HNK and derivatives,and HNK-containing plant extracts.The anticancer effects rely on the capacity of HNK to interfere with the ERK1-2/p38/NFκB signaling pathway and the regulation of the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9(with a potential direct binding to MMP-9).In addition,HNK was found to function as a potent modulator of pre-mRNA splicing,inhibit-ing the SUMO-specific protease SENP1.As such,HNK represents a rare SENP1 inhibitor of natural origin and a scaffold to design synthetic compounds.Oral formulations of HNK have been elaborated to enhance its solubility,to facilitate the compound delivery and to enhance its anticancer efficacy.The review shed light on the anticancer potential of C-O-C-type biflavonoids and specifically on the pharmacological profile of HNK.This compound deserves further attention as a regu-lator of pre-mRNA splicing,useful to treat cancers(in particular hepatocellular carcinoma)and other human pathologies.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by dietary phytochemicals:From experimental models to clinical trials

Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead to identification of new chemopreventive agents for protection against broad spectrum of exposures.

Molecular mechanisms of Baihedihuang decoction as a treatment for breast cancer related anxiety:A network pharmacology and molecular docking study

BACKGROUND The therapeutic effects of a combination of Chinese medicines called Baihedihuang decoction(BD)have been clinically verified,although its molecular targets in breast cancer related anxiety remain unknown.AIM To explore the molecular mechanisms of BD for breast cancer related anxiety treatment.METHODS We used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database to screen the active ingredients and potential targets of BD,and constructed the"drug-ingredient-target"network map with the help of Cytoscape 3.8 software.Also,we used the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DrugBank,and Gencards databases to collect the disease targets of breast cancer related anxiety,and used the STRING platform to perform protein interaction analysis and construct the protein-protein interaction network.Metascape platform was used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of key targets.Molecular docking technology was used to verify the drug component/target disease network.RESULTS We screened 16 active ingredients of BD for breast cancer related anxiety,with 113 target proteins.There are 931 disease targets of breast cancer related anxiety,and finally,43 key targets and 305 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were generated.The main active ingredients of BD for breast cancer related anxiety are verbascoside,β-sitosterol,stigmasterol,catalpol,etc.CDK2,TP53,HTR2A,ESR1,etc.are its key targets,and the main involved signaling pathways may include neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway,5-hydroxytryptaminergic synapse,P53 signaling pathway,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,the cAMP signaling pathway,etc.Finally,molecular docking was performed with Vina software to validate the key active ingredients in BD with the selected key action targets.The molecular docking results showed that verbascoside,β-sitosterol,stigmasterol and CDK2 could stably bind and interact through amino acid residues SER249,ARG260,PRO228,ALA282,SER276,LYS273,ASN272,etc.CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of BD for breast cancer related anxiety is multi-level,multi-target,and multi-pathway.The findings of this study provide ideas and basis for further research.

Explore the Mechanism of Ginseng on Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology

Objective:To analyze the active mechanism of ginseng on breast cancer and its target mechanism.Methods:The Chinese medicine system pharmacology technology platform(TCMSP)database was used to screen out potential chemically active substances and related target proteins in ginseng.The genome annotation database platform(Genecards)was used to predict the target targets of breast cancer,and the uniprot database was used to query and Corresponding gene names,with the help of Cytoscape(3.7.2)software,to build a visualization of the"drug-disease-target"network diagram,construct a protein interaction network through the String database platform,and then use the Bioconductor platform and R language GO enrichment Analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis.Results:Through screening,22 effective chemical components of ginseng,15 key chemicals related to breast cancer,and 35 common targets of ginseng-breast cancer were obtained.The core genes of PPI were MAPK8,AR,RELA,and CASP8.,CYP1A1,CASP3,NCOA1,NR3C1,ICAM1,NCOA2,PGR,AKR1C3,CYP1B1,CYP3A4,GSTP1;Obtain 68 GO biological processes including,and 83 KEGG-related signaling pathways involving TNF signaling pathway,toxoplasmosis pathway Influenza A pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway,prostate cancer pathway,etc.Conclusion:Ginseng can achieve anti-breast cancer effect through multiple ways,which lays the foundation for the future extraction of effective ingredients to treat breast cancer.

Mechanism of Weijing Decoction in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of Weijing decoction in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on the network pharmacology.Methods:The active constituent was collected based on the TCMSP database and the articles from CNKI and Pubmed databases.The targets of the active constituent were predicted by TCMSP database and Swiss Target Prediction.The drug-active components-targets network was built by utilizing Cytoscape3.7.2.OMIM,DrugBank,GeneCards and TTD databases were searched for the genes of NSCLC.Drug targets and disease targets were mapped and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)was acquired from the online STRING database.The hub genes were screened out through MCODE plug-in and the intersection targets were analyzed by Clue GO plug-in for GO functional enrichment and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment.Results:According to the threshold of OB≥30%and DL≥0.18,a total of 33 active components were selected.With 85 unique targets predicted,a total of 619 genes of NSCLC were obtained and 54 intersection targets were displayed through Venn diagram,among which the hub genes were EGFR、Casp3、MAPK8、PTGS2、JUN、TNF、JAK2,etc.GO enrichment analysis demonstrated vividly that the biological processes of Weijing decoction for NSCLC mainly focus on extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway,nuclear receptor activity、positive regulation of blood vessel diameter.KEGG analysis illustrated that Weijing decoction might have an influence on Apoptosis signaling pathway,p53 signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway and so on.Conclusion:This article analyzed the main active constituent,hub genes,biological process and signaling pathways which were related to NSCLC on the basis of network of pharmacology,indicating that NSCLC can be treated by Weijing decoction through“multi-target and multi-pathway”.

Analysis of herbs use law and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer

Objective:Excavate the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer,study the potential mechanism of prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Collate and analyze the relevant prescriptions collected from CNKI and the core drug combination and the new formula are obtained by adopting the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(TCMISSV2.5).Use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tool to analyze KEGG pathways of high frequency drugs and predict the potential signal pathways.Results:Data mining has selected 10 pairs of core herb combinations and 5 new recipes of 133 prescriptions.In the network pharmacology analysis of bai zhu,huang qi,fu ling,the potential signaling pathways of its action are the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.Conclusion:Herbs for invigorating spleen and qi and herbs for nourishing blood and activating blood are commonly used to prevent and treat postoperative complications of breast cancer.Core herbs may play their role by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.

Mechanism of "Epimedium-Cistanche deserticola" in the treatment of breast cancer with bone metastasis

Objective:"Epimedium - Cistanche deserticola" is a kind of kidney tonifying drug commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis, which has good clinical effect, but the pharmacological mechanism has not been fully clarified. Methods: In this study, the network pharmacology and bioinformatics technology were used to explore the mechanism of "Epimedium - Cistanche deserticola" in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. TCMSP, TCM database@Taiwan and TCMID databases were used to screen the main effective components of the drug. Swiss Target Prediction and STITCH databases were used to search the potential target of action of Epimedium and Cistanche deserticola. Genecards, OMIN and Drugbank databases were used to search the cause of bone metastasis of breast cancer. The target of action of the drug and the disease gene were mapped for GO and KEGG signal pathway analysis, A visualized network of "drug - component - target - signaling pathway" was constructed by using the software of Cytoscape 3.6.0, and the core genes were screened out. Results: The study found that there are 30 main effective components of Epimedium and Cistanche deserticola, and 544 genes are involved in the potential therapeutic targets, among which 101 genes are potential targets of Epimedium and Cistanche deserticola in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. Through the analysis of GO and KEGG pathways, we found that the mechanisms involved in antitumor, osteoblast differentiation, osteoclast apoptosis and regulation of bone microenvironment, such as apoptosis, osteoclast differentiation, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1 signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, etc. TP53, VEGFA, AKT1, EGFR, SRC, CCND1, MAPK3, ESR1 may be the key genes in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. Conclusion: In this study, the network of "drug - component - target- signaling pathway" was constructed through network pharmacology, and it was found that the mechanism of "Epimedium - Cistanche deserticola" in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis involves multiple targets and pathways, which is conducive to guiding clinical medication.

Analysis of compatibility rules and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer

Backgroud:Summarize the formula rule of traditional Chinese medicine fOr preventing and treating bladder cancer recurrence after operation and explore the molecular mechanism of core medicines.Methods:Literatures collected from CNKI,Wanfang Med Online,CMJD,PUBMED and Elsiver databases were as prescription sources,and association rules and complex system entropy clustering analysis were carried out using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(TCMISSV2.5).BATMAN-TCM online analysis tool was used to construct target-pathway-disease correlation map to reveal the potential mechanism of action.Results:A total of 122 prescriptions were eligible for data analysis.The high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines are Poria,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Radix Astragali,Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.The high-frequency drug pairs are Rhizoma Atractylodis MacrocephalaeIPoria,Poria/Rhizoma Alismatis,Radix Astragali/Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalaeand and Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae/Herba Scutellariae Darbatae..There are 5 groups of drug pairs with high correlation strength.Cluster analysis shows 6 core drug combinations and 3 new prescriptions.In clinical practice,the core compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines for preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer is Poria,Radix Astragali and Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae.The possible signaling pathways are the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway.Conclusion:Prevention and treatment of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer mainly use medicines with effects of eliminating dampness and diuresis for removing edema,heat-clearing and detoxifying,and qi-invigorating.The potential mechanism of the compatibility of core drugs may be realized by interfering with the signal pathway of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction and calcium signal pathway.

Analysis of drug use law and mechanism of prostate cancer based on data mining and network pharmacology

Objective: Excavate the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer, and predicting the biomolecular level mechanism of high-frequency drug compatibility. Methods: Relevant documents in CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network and VIP Chinese Biomedical Periodical Database Pubmed, EMbase were collected and collated systematically. Frequency statistics, association rule analysis and new party mining were carried out using TCMISSV2.5. BATMAN-TCM was used to analyze the interaction relationship and related pathways between high-frequency drug targets. Results: Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) was the single drug most used of the 102prescriptions included in the standard. There are 6 pairs of combinations with high confidence in association rule analysis. System entropy cluster analysis resulted in 20 core drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions. Through KEGG pathway analysis of Huangqi, Fuling (Poria cocos), Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa), it was found that the number of potential targets of the neural active ligand receptor rented pathway and purine metabolism pathway was the largest. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is mainly treated with deficiency-tonifying drugs, which are combined with drugs for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying and resolving hard mass. The mechanism of action of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine may be realized by interfering with the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway and purine metabolism pathway.

Network Pharmacological Analysis of Action Mechanism of Mongolian Medicine Rhododendron micranthum Turcz. in Treating Lung Cancer

[Objectives]To explore the action mechanism of Mongolian medicine Rhododendron micranthum Turcz.on lung cancer by network pharmacology.[Methods]Based on the high-throughput experiment and reference database(HERB)of traditional Chinese medicine,component target database(Swiss ADME),small molecule drug target prediction online platform(SWISS Target Prediction),human gene business card database(GENECARD),the database of genes and mutation sites related to human diseases(DISGENET)and other databases,the target genes of drugs and diseases were screened out.Venny software was used for obtaining the target intersection of active components of the Mongolian medicine R.micranthum Turcz.and the lung cancer,a CytoNCA plug-in in cytoscape 3.10.0 software was used for screening candidate core target genes,and related effective components were obtained in a reverse direction.A drug-active ingredient-gene-disease regulation network was established,a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established by means of the STRING database to screen core genes,and common targets were screened by the David database.Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)were used for enrichment analysis.[Results]There were 13 effective components of Mongolian medicine R.micranthum Turcz.for treating lung cancer and 115 drug disease intersection target genes.Core genes affecting the disease included SRC,HSP90AB1,EGFR,AKT1,and ERBB2.GO functional enrichment analysis involved 462 items of biological processes,64 items of cellular components and 126 items of molecular functions.Enrichment analysis of KEGG signaling pathways screened out cancer pathways,endocrine resistance,PI3K-Akt signaling pathways,proteoglycans in cancer and other signaling pathways.[Conclusions]Mongolian medicine R.micranthum Turcz.can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells from multiple targets and pathways,and the results of network pharmaceutical analysis provide a theoretical basis for further experimental research.

Data Mining Method for Exploring the Composition Law and Therapeutic Mechanism of Chinese medicine of macroscopic

Background:Based on the theory of"cancer toxin"in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),combined with data mining method,this paper discusses the prescription and medication law of macroscopic"cancer toxin".Methods Sort out the relevant prescriptions of macroscopic"cancer toxin"and carry out correlation analysis.Results The results showed that the main therapeutic drugs for macroscopic"cancer toxin"were invigorating the spleen and Qi,regulating the Qi mechanism,eliminating toxin and pathogenic factors,eliminating dampness and swelling,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,attacking toxin,softening and firmness,and dredging collaterals to relieve pain.Conclusion High frequency medicine embodies the core of tangible macroscopic"cancer toxin"treatment,and the new prescription composition embodies the fundamental treatment.At the same time,the mechanism of macroscopic"cancer toxin"was analyzed to pave the way for further clinical practice.

Drug repurposing screening and mechanism analysis based on human colorectal cancer organoids

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a highly heterogeneous cancer and exploring novel therapeutic options is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.Here,we established human CRC tumor-derived organoids that well represent both morphological and molecular heterogeneities of original tumors.To efficiently identify repurposed drugs for CRC,we developed a robust organoid-based drug screening system.By combining the repurposed drug library and computation-based drug prediction,335 drugs were tested and 34 drugs with anti-CRC effects were identified.More importantly,we conducted a detailed transcriptome analysis of drug responses and divided the drug response signatures into five representative patterns:differentiation induction,growth inhibition,metabolism inhibition,immune response promotion,and cell cycle inhibition.The anticancer activities of drug candidates were further validated in the established patient-derived organoids-based xenograft(PDOX)system in vivo.We found that fedratinib,trametinib,and bortezomib exhibited effective anticancer effects.Furthermore,the concordance and discordance of drug response signatures between organoids in vitro and pairwise PDOX in vivo were evaluated.Our study offers an innovative approach for drug discovery,and the representative transcriptome features of drug responses provide valuable resources for developing novel clinical treatments for CRC.

Anticancer Properties of Lobetyolin,an Essential Component of Radix Codonopsis(Dangshen)

Lobetyolin(LBT)is a polyacetylene glycoside found in diverse medicinal plants but mainly isolated from the roots of Codo-nopsis pilosula,known as Radix Codonopsis or Dangshen.Twelve traditional Chinese medicinal preparations containing Radix Codonopsis were identified;they are generally used to tonify spleen and lung Qi and occasionally to treat cancer.Here we have reviewed the anticancer properties of Codonopsis extracts,LBT and structural analogs.Lobetyolin and lobetyolinin are the mono-and bis-glucosylated forms of the polyacetylenic compound lobetyol.Lobetyol and LBT have shown activi-ties against several types of cancer(notably gastric cancer)and we examined the molecular basis of their activity.A down-regulation of glutamine metabolism by LBT has been evidenced,contributing to drug-induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition.LBT markedly reduces both mRNA and protein expression of the amino acid transporter Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2(ASCT2).Other potential targets are proposed here,based on the structural analogy with other anticancer compounds.LBT and related polyacetylene glycosides should be further considered as potential anticancer agents,but more work is needed to evaluate their efficacy,toxicity,and risk-benefit ratio.

Cancer Therapy Using Antibiotics

Anticancer antibiotics have made a successful impact in the field of chemotherapeutics. For most of them, DNA is the molecular target. Some act as DNA intercalators or some prevent DNA repair among other mechanisms of actions, they are seen to have. The major disadvantages of these drugs though are the constant side effects and toxicities. With more focus on discovery of new drugs with newer scaffolds, the urge to discover and modify anticancer antibiotics is being lost. Modifications or even the wider research can yield newer better drugs for clinical use. The review here discusses the current antibiotic therapeutics, newer discoveries in the field as well ideas for future research.

Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of therapeutic alternating electric fields(tumor treating fields[TTFields])

Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types,the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer.Invariably in these cancers,the control achieved by time-limited interventions such as traditional surgical resection,radiation therapy,and chemotherapy is short-lived.A new form of anti-cancer therapy called therapeutic alternating electric fields(AEFs)or tumor treating fields(TTFields)has been shown,either by itself or in combination with chemotherapy,to have anti-cancer effects that translate to improved survival outcomes in patients.Although the pre-clinical and clinical data are promising,the mechanisms of TTFields are not fully elucidated.Many investigations are underway to better understand how and why TTFields is able to selectively kill cancer cells and impede their proliferation.The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the reported mechanisms of action of TTFields from pre-clinical studies(both in vitro and in vivo).An improved understanding of how TTFields works will guide strategies focused on the timing and combination of TTFields with other therapies,to further improve survival outcomes in patients with solid organ cancers.

Review on the progress of treating gastric precancerous lesions with traditional Chinese medicine based on regulatory genes

In recent years,the incidence of Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)has gradually increased,and it is difficult to be cured and easy to recur.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)emphasizes the prevention before the disease.The regulation of PLGC related tumor genes by Chinese medicine has become a research hotspot.This paper summarized PLGC related proto-oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes and apoptosis related genes,and discussed the mechanism of Chinese Medicine Therapy PLGC from the perspective of gene expression,providing new ideas and methods for clinical treatment of PLGC.

Recirculating chemohyperthermia as a treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer:Current and future perspectives

About 75% of all bladder cancer diagnosed are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC), recurring over 50% of them after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. In order to prevent recurrences, adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C and immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Gu-érin(BCG) is traditionally used. Unfortunately, many patients relapse after receiving these treatments and a significant proportion of them require surgery. After a one-to-three years BCG maintenance, the risk for progression at 5 years was 19.3% for T1G3 tumors. Many new treatment approaches are being investigated to increase the effectiveness of adjuvant intravesical therapy. One of the developing treatments for intermediate and high-risk NMIBC is the combination of intravesical chemotherapy and hyperthermia, called chemohyperthermia. This article provides a review of the mechanism of action, current status and indications, results and future perspectives.

Analysis of Pharmacodynamic Substance Basis of Fufang Changtai in Treating Colorectal Cancer by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with Network Pharmacology

[Objectives] To systematically study the main active components of Fufang Changtai(FFCT) in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC), and to explore its mechanism of action. [Methods] The main chemical components of FFCT were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with automatic analysis platform, and the main pharmacodynamic substances of FFCT were studied by network pharmacology method and its mechanism of action was explored. The binding degree between the active components and the core targets were verified by molecular docking technology. [Results] A total of 86 compounds were identified from FFCT, among which 26 compounds were Ginsenoside Rg3, Ginsenoside Rb1, Astragaloside III, etc. The key target pathway enrichment analysis showed that FFCT played its role in the treatment of CRC mainly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. [Conclusions] This study comprehensively identified the FFCT components. Supplemented by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, it is expected to provide a scientific theoretical basis and an important reference for FFCT therapeutic components identification, key target verification and mechanism of action in the treatment of CRC.