Targeting the mechano-microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells:a promising therapeutic strategy for liver cancer

Over the past 2 decades,cancer stem cells(CSCs)have been identified as the root cause of cancer occurrence,progression,chemoradioresistance,recurrence,and metastasis.Targeting CSCs is a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer management and treatment.Liver cancer(LC)is a malignant disease that can endanger human health.Studies are increasingly suggesting that changes in the liver mechanical microenvironment are a primary driver triggering the occurrence and development of liver cancer.In this review,we summarize current understanding of the roles of the liver mechano-microenvironment and liver cancer stem cells(LCSCs)in liver cancer progression.We also discuss the relationship between the mechanical heterogeneity of liver cancer tissues and LCSC recruitment and metastasis.Finally,we highlight potential mechanosensitive molecules in LCSCs and mechanotherapy in liver cancer.Understanding the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the mechano-microenvironment and LCSCs may provide fundamental insights into liver cancer progression and aid in further development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Impairment of the Endothelium and Disorder of Microcirculation in Humans and Animals Exposed to Infrasound due to Irregular Mechano-Transduction

The microcirculation of mammals is an autoregulated and complex synchronised system according to the current demand for nutrients and oxygen. The undisturbed course of vital functions such as of growth, blood pressure regulation, inflammatory sequence and embryogenesis is bound to endothelial integrity. The sensible vasomotion is particularly dependent on it. Mechano-transduction signalling networks play a critical role in vital cellular processes and are the decisive physiological mechanism for an adequate NO-release, main responsible for the autoregulation of vessels. Disturbed endothelial integrity, originating, e.g., from chronic oxidative stress and/or mechanic (oscillatory) stress, leads to disturbance of vasomotion as well as a disequilibrium of redox systems, recognized as main cause for the development of chronic inflammation diseases such as atherosclerosis and corresponding secondary illnesses, possibly cancer. The endothelial cytoskeleton, which corresponds to a viscoelastic “tensegrity model”, offers the possibility for mechano-transduction via its special construction. The rapidly growing knowledge about mechanical forces in cellular sensing and regulation of the last years (that culminated in the Nobel Prize award for the decoding of pressure/vibration sensing ion channels), led us to the following hypothesis: The extern stressor “Noise” produces under certain conditions an oscillatory stress field in the physiologically laminar flow bed of capillaries, which is able to lead to irregular mechano-transductions. Findings provide a strict dependence on frequency in mechano-transduction with determination of thresholds for a 1:1 transmission. The knowledge, recently gained on endothelial mechano-transduction, sheds a new light on the importance of low frequencies. This could indicate the long-sought pathophysiological way in which infrasound can exert a stressor effect at the cellular level. Noise-exposed citizens, who live near infrastructures such as a biogas installation, heat pumps, block-type thermal power stations and bigger industrial wind turbines (IWT’s), show worldwide mainly a symptomatology associated with microcirculatory disorder. Conceivable are also effects on insects or fishes, since the piezo-channels are recognised as conserved structures of all multicellular organism. An experimental design is proposed to demonstrate the direct pathological influence of infrasound of defined strength, frequency, effect/time profile and duration on the sensitive vasomotion.

Characterization of Calcined Kaolin/TiO_2 Composite Particle Material Prepared by Mechano-Chemical Method

Calcined kaolin/TiO2 composite particle material （CK/TCPM） was prepared with TiO2 coating on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by the mechano-chemical method. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to investigate the microstructures and morphologies, respectively. The mechanism of the mechano-chemical reaction between calcined kaolin and TiO2 was studied by infrared spectra （IR）. The results show that TiO2 coats evenly on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by Si-O-Ti and Al-O-Ti bonds on their interfaces. The hiding power and whiteness of CK/TCPM are 17.12 g/m^2 and 95.7%, respectively, presenting its similarity to TiO2 in pigment properties.

Modelling thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical interactions for nuclear waste disposal

A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical（THMC） formulation is described in this paper.Special attention is paid to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as engineered barriers in the disposal of nuclear radioactive waste.The types of processes considered in the chemical formulation include hydrolysis,complex formation,oxidation/reduction reactions,acid/base reactions,precipitation/dissolution of minerals and cation exchange.Both kinetics-and equilibrium-controlled reactions are incorporated.The formulation is implemented in a numerical code.An application is presented concerning the performance of a large-scale in-situ heating test simulating high-level radioactive waste repository conditions.

Unified symmetry of mechano-electrical systems with nonholonomic constraints

The unified symmetry of mechano-electrical systems with nonholonomic constraints are studied in this paper, the definition and the criterion of unified symmetry of mechano-electrical systems with nonholonomic constraints are derived from the Lagrange-Maxwell equations. The Noether conserved quantity, Hojman conserved quantity and Mei conserved quantity are then deduced from the unified symmetry. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Edge sulfurized graphene nanoplatelets via vacuum mechano-chemical reaction for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high energy applications due to their high capacities,low cost and eco-friendliness. However, the particularly rapid capacity decay owing to the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfide intermediate into the electrolyte still hamper their practical applications.And the reported preparation procedures to sulfur based cathode materials are often complex, and hence are rather difficult to produce at large scale. Here, we report a simple mechano-chemical sulfurization methodology in vacuum environment applying ball-milling method combined both the chemical and physical interaction for the one-pot synthesis of edge-sulfurized grapheme nanoplatelets with 3D porous foam structure as cathode materials. The optimal sample of 70%S–Gn Ps-48 h(ball-milled 48 h) obtains 13.2 wt% sulfur that chemically bonded onto the edge of Gn Ps. And the assembled batteries exhibit high initial discharge capacities of 1089 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 950 mAh/g at 0.5 C, and retain a stable discharge capacity of 776 mAh/g after 250 cycles at 0.5 C with a high Coulombic efficiency of over 98%. The excellent performance is mainly attributed to the mechano-chemical interaction between sulfur and grapheme nanoplatelets. This definitely triggers the currently extensive research in lithium–sulfur battery area.

PARTICLEBOARD STRESS RELAXATION THROUGHOUT MECHANO-SORPTIVE CREEP OF GLUELINES

A review on methods for controlling the dimensional stability of particleboards. a second pressing at the same temperature as the first pressing may possibly have three main effects on PF resin bonded particleboard durability: (a) the effect of mechano-sorptive behaviour; (b) the effect of softening of cell wall polymers, (c) the improvement of cure of PF resins. Effects (a) and (b) may accelerate the removal of the recoverable part of residual compressive strain replace of it with the development of the viscous component, thus, relax the compressive stresses.

Mechano-electric Effect of Hardened Cement Paste During Quasi-static Loading

Mechano-electric effect of cement paste was investigated in this paper. As compressive stress was applied on the specimen, an electrical current was observed. The intensity of the electrical current increased with stress increasing, and decreased with stress decreasing. Different measurement methods were also discussed in this paper. This phenomenon was related to the electrokinetic phenomenon of solid/liquid interface in cement paste. The study on mechano-electric effect of hardened cement paste provides a new method for making smart concrete structures.

Manufacture of high-dispersed W-Cu composite powder by mechano-thermal process

In order to improve the process of co-reduction of oxide powder, a new mechano-thermal process was de-signed to produce high-dispersed W-Cu composite powder by high temperature oxidation, short time high-energymilling and reduction at lower temperature. The particle size, oxygen content and their sintering abilities of W-Cucomposite powder in different conditions were analyzed. The results show that after a quick milling of the oxidepowder for about 3-10 h, the reduction temperature of the W-Cu oxide powder can be lowered to about 650 ℃ from700-750 ℃ owning to the lowering of particle size of the oxide powder. The average particle size of W-Cu powder af-ter reduction at 650 ℃ is about 0.5 μm smaller than that reduced at 750 ℃. After sintering at 1 200 ℃ for 1 h inhydrogen atmosphere, the relative density and thermal conductivity of final products (W-20Cu) can attain 99.5%and 210 W @ m-1 @ K-1 respectively.

Mechano-Synthesized Orthoferrite Starting from Wüstite Assisted by SPS

Stoichiometric mixtures of FeO and Y2O3 were milled and heat treated to obtain yttrium iron garnet, Y3Fe5O12. Two types of heating systems were used: one, a spark plasma sintering machine and the second, an electrical oven. The magnetic properties of the resulting specimens have been analyzed and discussed as a function of the grain size and the particles’ morphology. The partial formation of garnet and orthoferrite phases was revealed on the obtained powder through microstructural analyses after 9 h of ball milling. The milled powders were transformed into the orthoferrite phase after the SPS-treatment at 700°C and 900°C. Magnetic-saturation studies revealed magnetic responses up to 12.7 emu/g for specimens SPS-treated at 700°C, whereas 2.1 emu/g for samples SPS-treated at 900°C. Conventionally treated specimens at 700°C developed 0.36 emu/g of magnetization, while 0.93 emu/g was registered for those treated at 900°C.

Mechano-activated surface modification of calcium carbonate in wet stirred mill and its properties

Surface modification of calcium carbonate particles using sodium stearate(SDS) as a modification agent incorporated with the simultaneous wet ultra-fine grinding in the laboratory stirred mill was investigated. The physical properties and application properties of modified calcium carbonate were measured and evaluated. The action mechanism between SDS and calcium carbonate in the modification was studied by infrared spectrometry(IR) and X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy(XPS). The results indicate that the crushing mechanic force intensity can obviously influence the modification effect of calcium carbonate because of mechano-chemical effect. The hydrophilic surface of calcium carbonate is turned into hydrophobic after modification. The properties of polyethylene(PE) filled by modified calcium carbonate powder is markedly improved. And the adsorption of SDS could occur by chemical reaction with calcium carbonate surface.

Tuning the mechanosensitivity of a BK channel by changing the linker length

一些大传导力的 Ca2+ 和激活电压的 K+( 放射性元素) 隧道被膜段激活。然而， BK 隧道的门 mechano 的机制仍然不好被理解。以前的研究导致了连接器门戒指建筑群作为一个被动弹簧工作的建议，力量由细胞内部的 Ca2+ 产生了到门打开隧道的 transducing。这提出膜段是否也被传给 mechanosensitive (MS ) 的门的问题经由连接器门建筑群的放射性元素隧道。学习这，我们在激活段的放射性元素隧道(SAKCaC ) 改变了连接器长度，并且在结果的变异的隧道的 gating 上检验了膜段的效果。弄短而扩大连接器，增加的连接器减少了，隧道 mechanosensitivity 当面并且当细胞内部的 Ca2+ 不在时。然而，电压和 Ca2+ 敏感没被膜段显著地改变。而且， SAKCaC 在相对高的细胞内部的 Ca2+ 集中或膜去极对膜段变得不太敏感。这些观察建议一旦隧道在开状态的符合构造，在春天的紧张部分被释放，膜段是不太有效的。我们的结果与那膜段经由 MS 放射性元素隧道的连接器门戒指建筑群被转移到门的想法一致。

NUMERICAL GEODYNAMIC MODELLING OF COUPLED MECHANO-THERMO-HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND ITS APPLICATION IN PREDICTIVE EXPLORATION IN THE FENGHUANGSHAN ORE FIELD, TONGLING

Mineralisation is the result of the coupled multi-geodynamic processes in the crust. The coupled mechano-thermo-hydrological (MTH) processes are the basic physical processes that govern the location of the hydrothermal mineralization, which can be simulated in the computer by using of the numerical codes, such as FLAC. The numerical modeling results can be used not only to explain the features of existing ore deposits, but also to predict the favorable mineralization locations. This paper has summarized the basic equations describing coupled MHT processes in the water-saturated porous rocks, the principles of FLAC, and its application to the MHT processes related to copper mineralization in the Fenghuangshan ore field. We used the FLAC to simulate the syn-deformation cooling and fluid flowing evolution after the intrusion was emplaced and solidified. The modeling results suggest a most prospective exploration area where the subsequent exploration supported the prediction and the test bore hole disclosed the high quality copper ore bodies in the target, demonstrating a positive role of the numerical MTH modeling in facilitating predictive ore discovery.

层合磁电能量采集器的研究进展

层合磁电(ME)能量采集器具有微型化、柔性化和功能多样化等优点,在植入医疗、物联网(IoT)和微机电系统(MEMS)等低功耗设备的自供电监测中具有广阔的应用前景。评述了该采集器的最新研究进展,介绍了其磁-机-电耦合能量转换机理,梳理了各种高频、低频磁能采集器和低频混合能采集器的类型与结构特点,综合比较分析了器件性能,指出高频磁能采集器在植入设备无线供电医疗诊治中的潜在优点和低频采集器在载流IoT设备自供电传感监测中的显著优势。最后总结了该采集技术目前存在的问题和未来发展方向。

微重力环境下心血管系统的机械应答及转导机制研究进展

重力是对地表生物影响最广泛的机械力学信号之一,在维持心血管正常结构和功能方面发挥关键作用。在太空环境中,重力缺失会导致心血管系统的生理机械环境发生变化,可能引起心血管系统结构和功能方面的适应性改变或重塑。然而,人类对微重力环境下心血管系统如何感知、转导和响应机械应力改变仍知之甚少。本文综述了近年来心血管系统在微重力环境下的机械应力感受器和信号转导研究成果,对心血管系统感知和响应微重力的分子机制,以及新型力学感受器、关键信号通路和潜在干预靶点展开预测和讨论,旨在为防治空间微重力引起的心血管系统适应性改变提供新思路。

Expression and subcellular localization of mechano-growth factor in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch

Mechano-growth factor (MGF) is a stretch sensitive factor in myocytes, and it might also be produced by other mechanocytes under mechanical stimulation. In this study, both the mRNA and protein expression of MGF were detected in stretched osteoblasts. Quantitative analysis showed that a cyclic stretching stimulation caused a quick and sharp increase of MGF mRNA and protein expression from a low basal level under no stretch; the mRNA and protein levels respectively peaked in 6 and 12 h to 5 and 5.2 fold over the basal level and returned to normal by 24 h. The subcellular distribution of MGF protein was revealed by immunofluorescence analysis to be restricted to the nucleus. We concluded that cyclic stretching stimulation could induce MGF expression in osteoblasts in a pulsing fashion; and the nuclear distribution of MGF suggested that MGF might act in mechanocytes as an autocrine growth factor.

低介电片状FeNi吸波剂的山嵛酸辅助制备及其织构行为

目的在吸波剂表面化学吸附一层绝缘小分子,制备低介电常数且耐腐蚀的低频吸波剂。方法通过机械化学处理活化合金粒子表面,增强山嵛酸与合金粒子间形成的化学吸附,从而制备具有低介电常数、光滑表面、高晶粒取向度和耐腐蚀的片状Fe50Ni50@山嵛酸吸波剂。结果形成的山嵛酸包覆层可调控球磨过程中粉体间的冷焊效应和粉体受到的外界载荷,诱导Fe50Ni50粉体沿{111}晶面的滑移,促使粉体内形成{001}面织构。同时,绝缘且疏水的山嵛酸包覆层可阻碍粉体间导电网络的形成,降低片状Fe50Ni50吸波剂的介电常数,使粉体兼具低介电常数、高磁导率和耐腐蚀能力。结论Fe50Ni50@山嵛酸吸波剂粒子展现出良好的低频吸波性能和耐腐蚀能力,为发展兼具优良耐环境性能和低频强吸收能力的新型吸波材料提供了一种思路。

Effect of alkalis on deacetylation of konjac glucomannan in mechano-chemical treatment

This paper presents experimental results on the effect of alkalis such as NaOH, KOH and Ca（OH）2 on deacetylation of a konjac glucomannan （KGM） powder under mechano-chemical （MC） treatment, The results show that the alkalinity of modifiers is a dominant factor for deacetylation of KGM, In addition, characteristics, such as swelling property, viscous stability and thermal behavior of the deacetylated KGM are analyzed

Recent progress in organic mechanoluminescent materials

Mechanoluminescence（ML） refers to the light emission from various organic and inorganic materials upon mechanical stimulus. As a new class of smart materials, mechanoluminescent materials are widely applicable for fluorescence switches, mechanosensors, security papers, optoelectronic devices and data storage etc. In the past few years, systematic investigations have been carried out, resulting in the production of a variety of mechanoluminescent materials. In this review, recent progress in pure organic mechanoluminescent materials is summarized, including mechanofluorescent and triboluminescent effects from conjugated small molecules.

Mechano-thermal synthesis and characterization of nano-structured Fe/FeS for application in photocatalysis

A novel method was used to prepare a nano-structured 32 wt% Fe/FeS core/shell powder via a mechanothermal route by l-h heat treatment of a mechanically activated powder mixture of Fe and S. The structural and microstructural characteristics, formation mechanism, magnetic properties, and photocatalytic activity of the powder were studied by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, surface area analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, vibrating sample magnetometry, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. A detailed study of the mechanism of transformation showed that during the heat treatment process, an FeS2 phase was formed as the intermediate product. In the final product, an FeS shell approximately 2 nm in thickness was formed on the Fe core. In the presence of NaCI as a process control agent, the particle size decreased and the size distribution became more uniform. Mechanical activation and NaCI addition together led to a decrease of the saturation magnetization from 82 to 74emu/g. The photocatalytic activity of the powder in the degradation of methylene blue was 50%.