Porous-DeepONet:Learning the Solution Operators of Parametric Reactive Transport Equations in Porous Media

Reactive transport equations in porous media are critical in various scientific and engineering disciplines,but solving these equations can be computationally expensive when exploring different scenarios,such as varying porous structures and initial or boundary conditions.The deep operator network(DeepONet)has emerged as a popular deep learning framework for solving parametric partial differential equations.However,applying the DeepONet to porous media presents significant challenges due to its limited capability to extract representative features from intricate structures.To address this issue,we propose the Porous-DeepONet,a simple yet highly effective extension of the DeepONet framework that leverages convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to learn the solution operators of parametric reactive transport equations in porous media.By incorporating CNNs,we can effectively capture the intricate features of porous media,enabling accurate and efficient learning of the solution operators.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the Porous-DeepONet in accurately and rapidly learning the solution operators of parametric reactive transport equations with various boundary conditions,multiple phases,and multiphysical fields through five examples.This approach offers significant computational savings,potentially reducing the computation time by 50–1000 times compared with the finite-element method.Our work may provide a robust alternative for solving parametric reactive transport equations in porous media,paving the way for exploring complex phenomena in porous media.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Various Cytokines in Otitis Media

The expression and clinical significance of relevant cytokines in otitis media (OM) are discussed, and the alterations to the pathological state of the otitis media mucosa are further understood through the study of cytokine transduction pathways. More and more studies have shown that relevant cell proliferation and inflammation progression pathways play a role in the development of otitis media, such as the Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway, which are involved in the proliferation of the middle ear mucosa during otitis media, which affects the mucosal cilia, motor function, Eustachian tube function, and the mucosal ciliary function. These studies provide new ideas for the treatment of otitis media and further explore the feasibility of immunotherapy in the future treatment of otitis media. In this paper, we present a review of the latest research progress on the expression of various cytokines in otitis media.

Evaluation of Human-Oriented Transport in City Hall Transportation Projects Approach to Sustainable Case Study of the Kerman City Hall

In Iran, the implementation of public transport and non-motorized transport infrastructure warrants the need to allocate adequate funding from the state and city hall. In this regard, in city hall development plans (the format approved by the Ministry of Interior), urban transportation plan has been one of the ten chapters. The purpose of this paper is to survey the content and documents related to the allocation of funds to the traffic sector in the former development program of Kerman city hall and by the way, assess the role of human-oriented transportation among the plans and programs of Kerman city hall. Therefore, the amount of funds allocated to the transport sector in Kerman city hall development plans and programs has been investigated for a period of six years (2009-2014). Comparative analysis method is used for surveying the position and the importance of sustainable transport among planners and urban management. Kerman is the historical city and the most important city in the South East of Iran. Due to uncontrolled population growth in recent decades, a large number of cars added to its pathways, so it is required to have a plan of sustainable transportation programs to be evaluated traffic. Results of the analysis indicate that the budget allocated to the development of the vehicle-oriented transportation is much more than human-oriented transportation and in fact, human-oriented systems of transport such as walking and cycling are considered less than the others. Also in the old fabric of Kerman city that has formed on the basis of the human-oriented transportation, the lowest level of funding is intended to regulate transportation. With this description, it is clear that achieving sustainable development and human-oriented in urban transport sector, it fundamentally needs paradigm shift in urban transport development and revision in the attitudes of managers and planners, and in the meantime it is necessary to correct the programming cycle of urban development along with review of the allocating funds mechanism and to define projects in various sectors. Urban and transport planners can conduct municipalities projects with costing not too much and hereto provide non-motorized styles in the field of urban transport networks. If only allocated apart of the overall funding for roads, highways and city streets to the development of public transport and non-motorized transportation options, the impact would be very high.

Optimized nonhyperbolic moveout correction equation of long-offset seismic data for TI media with an arbitrary spatial orientation

The conventional long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation is derived for the transverse isotropic media with a vertical symmetric axis（VTI）.It cannot be extended to the transverse isotropic media with an arbitrary spatial orientation of symmetry axis（ATI）.In this paper,we optimize a modified long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation for ATI media based on the conventional nonhyperbolic moveout equation and the exact analytical solution of the quartic moveout coefficient（A_4） and NMO velocity for ATI media that were derived in our previous work.Compared with the exact traveltimes of the ray-tracing algorithm for anisotropic media,this optimized equation can be used to calculate the traveltime varying with survey line azimuth in arbitrary strong or weak ATI media.It can replace the time-consuming, multi-offset,and multi-azimuth ray tracing method for forward modeling of long-offset reflection traveltimes in ATI media,which is useful to further anisotropic parameter inversion using long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout.

Experimental study on the velocity-dependent dispersion of the solute transport in different porous media

The hydrodynamic dispersion is an important factor influencing the reactive solute transport in the porous media, and many previous studies assumed that it linearly varied with the average velocity of the groundwater flow. Actually, such linear relationship has been challenged by more and more experimental observations, even in homogeneous media. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between hydrodynamics dispersion and the flow velocity in different types of porous media through a laboratory-controlled experiment. The results indicate that (1) the dispersion coefficient should not be a linear function of the flow velocity when the relationship between the flow velocity and the hydraulic gradient can be described by Darcy's law satisfactorily;(2) Power function works well in describing the dispersion coefficient changing with the flow velocity for different types of porous media, and the power value is between 1.0-2.0 for different particle sizes.

Tuning crystal orientation and charge transport of quasi-2D perovskites via halogen-substituted benzylammonium for efficient solar cells

Quasi-two-dimensional(quasi-2D)perovskites with high stability usually suffers from poor device efficiency.Chemical tuning of the spacer cations has been an effective strategy to achieve efficient and stable quasi-2D perovskite solar cells.Here,we demonstrate that 3-halogon-substituted benzylammonium iodide(3X-BAI,X=F,Cl,Br,I)can significantly affect the orientation of low-dimensional perovskites and charge transport from perovskite to hole extraction layer,as well as device performance.With 3Br-BAI,we achieve the highest device efficiency of 13.21%for quasi-2D perovskites with a nominal n=3 average composition.Our work provides a facile approach to regulate vertical crystal orientation and charge transport via tuning the molecular structure of organic spacer toward high performance quasi-2D perovskite solar cells.

MMT:The Next-Generation Media Transport Standard

In this paper, we discuss the development of MPEG media transport （MMT）, which is a next-generation media transport standard effort by ISQ/MPEG. The architecture and functional areas of MMT are described. The functionality of existing media transport is analyzed to determine whether there is a need for this new media standard. From this analysis, potential areas for standardization in MMT have been identified.

Experimental investigation on rainfall infiltration and solute transport in layered porous and fractured media

Layered structures with upper porous and lower fractured media are widely distributed in the world. An experimen- tal investigation on rainfall infiltration and solute transport in such layered structures can provide the necessary foundation for effectively preventing and forecasting water bursting in mines, controlling contamination of mine water, and accomplishing ecological restoration of mining areas. A typical physical model of the layered structures with porous and fractured media was created in this study. Then rainfall infiltration experiments were conducted after salt solution was sprayed on the surface of the layered structure. The volumetric water content and concentration of chlorine ions at different specified positions along the profile of the experiment system were measured in real-time. The experimental results showed that the lower fractured media, with a considerably higher permeability than that of the upper porous media, had significant effects on preventing water infil- tration. Moreover, although the porous media were homogeneous statistically in the whole domain, spatial variations in the features of effluent concentrations with regards to time, or so called breakthrough curves, at various sampling points located at the horizontal plane in the porous media near the porous-fractured interface were observed, indicating the diversity of solute transport at small scales. Furthermore, the breakthrough curves of the outflow at the bottom, located beneath the underlying fractured rock, were able to capture and integrate features of the breakthrough curves of both the upper porous and fractured media, which exhibited multiple peaks, while the peak values were reduced one by one with time.

Social Media Based Transportation Research: the State of the Work and the Networking

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of social media data as important traffic information sources. In this paper, we review social media based transportation research with social network analysis methods.We summarize main research topics in this field, and report collaboration patterns at levels of researchers, institutions, and countries, respectively. Finally, some future research directions are identified. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Effect of Clay Minerals on Transport of Surfactants Dispersed Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Porous Media

Clay minerals can hinder the transport of various contaminants in soil and aquifer, but how clay minerals affect the transport of nanoparticles in aquifers has not been investigated in depth. In this paper, the transport of surfactants dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） in welldefined quartz sand and mixtures of quartz sand and clay minerals（kaolinite and montmorillonite） with varying ionic strengths was studied. Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate（SDBS） and octyl-phenolethoxylate（TX100） MWCNT suspensions can migrate through quartz sand easily, but the presence of less than 2% w/w clay minerals in quartz sand can significantly hinder the transport of MWCNT suspensions, especially at high ion strength（0.6 m M CaCl2）. The inhibition mechanism of clay minerals for surfactant-dispersed MWCNTs in porous media is the interception of MWCNTs. Kaolinite has stronger inhibition effect for MWCNTs transport than montmorillonite because more kaolinite can be retained in the quartz sand. Adsorption of surfactants by clay minerals does not affect the transport of MWCNTs significantly. This finding is important for the environmental assessment of MWCNT transport risks in soils and aquifers.

Modelling Simultaneous Transport of Bioreactive Solutes and Microorganisms in Porous Media

Recent years have seen the development of a number of mathematical models for the description of the simultaneous transport of microorganisms and bioreactive solutes in porous media. Most models are based on the advection dispersion equation, with terms added to account for interactions with the surfaces of the solid matrix, transformations and microbial activities. Those models based on the advection dispersion equation have all been shown to represent laboratory experimental data adequately although various assumptions have been made concerning the pore scale distribution of bacteria. This paper provides an overview of the recent work on modelling the transport and fate of microorganisms and bioreactive solutes in porous media and examines the different assumptions regarding the pore scale distribution of microorganisms.

Pressure evolution in shock-compacted granular media

The pressure evolution associated with the transient shock-induced infiltration of gas flow through granular media consisting of mobile particles is numerically investigated using a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach.The coupling between shock compaction and interstitial flow has been revealed.A distinctive two-stage diffusing pressure field with deflection occurring at the tail of the compaction front is found,with corresponding spikes in both gaseous velocity and temperature profiles emerging within the width of the compaction front.The compaction front,together with the deflection pressure,reaches a steady state during the later period.An analytical prediction of the steady deflection pressure that considers the contributions of porosity and the non-isothermal effect is proposed.The isothermal single-phase method we developed,combining the porosity jump condition across the compaction front,shows consistent pressure evolution with the non-isothermal CMP-PIC one under weak shock strength and low column permeability.Lastly,the microscale mechanism governing the formation of not only pressure deflection but also gaseous velocity and temperature spikes within the width of the compaction front has been described.These aforementioned evolutions of the flow field are shown to arise from the nozzling effects associated with the particle-scale variations in the volume fraction.

MSB Universal Media Transport蓝光播放机

Universal Media Transport，顾名思义，它会是款全能型播放机。除了支持蓝光重播，还具备USB和网络连接功能，兼容的数据类型则包括母带级FLAC文件。有意思的地方是：它配备有闪存，音乐数据流会先存储在闪存中，

室内环境下多孔有机织物水汽输运问题的研究

为提高本科生借助仿真软件解决实际问题的能力,本文从一个简单的衣物晾晒的问题出发,采用假设-建模-仿真-分析的顺序介绍了针对室内环境下多孔有机织物水汽输运问题的研究模式,可以视为解决输运问题的典型案例.本文以图像的形式给出室内环境下多孔有机织物温度、相对湿度以及含水量随时间的变化关系,并通过改变初始条件(如通风面积、平均风速和环境温度)进一步探究环境参量对织物水汽输运的影响,对于学习输运过程理论以及提高实际运用能力都有一定的参考价值.

案例教学在专业学位研究生“食品加工与贮运专题”课程中的应用

“食品加工与贮运专题”是食品加工与安全专业硕士的一门核心课程,其教学改革对于培养应用型食品硕士人才至关重要。在“食品加工与贮运专题”课程教学过程中,适宜地引入师生熟悉的、与食品生产和贮藏相关的、关注学科发展前沿的代表性案例,能最大限度地激发学生学习热情,鼓励其探索并解决实际问题。这种教学模式有利于研究生深入思考与食品加工及贮藏工艺相关的问题,并通过讨论获取解决办法,掌握重难点,真正实现理论知识的扩展和迁移。同时,任课教师应从兼顾传统教学、考虑学生适应性、注重总结归纳等方面,关注案例教学融入课堂的可行性,对教学模式、内容及考核方式进行改革,以达到课堂教学与食品生产过程的有机结合,提高“食品加工与贮运专题”课堂教学效果,引导学生树立正确的责任观和价值观。

城市运营绩效下铁路枢纽研究——以使用后评估为切入点

铁路枢纽是城市运营的重要环节,满意度是衡量铁路枢纽建设程度的重要标准。文章基于城市运营的角度对铁路交通枢纽关于乘客使用感受的相关文献进行归纳,运用Cite Space对文献进行可视化分析,并构建文献关系网络。从指标框架与实证研究两方面剖析交通枢纽运营过程中的乘客使用后评价研究现状:结果表明乘客对于铁路枢纽满意,但需加强与城市衔接方面的研究,乘客感受数据的获取较为全面、数据分析方式可靠,为城市运营研究提供思路。基于此,“以人为本”的城市运营要鼓励多方主体的参与并更加关注居民的需求和福祉,利用科技手段收集、分析和应用城市运营数据,优化城市运营体系,提高城市质量和人民幸福指数。

制造“想象之场”:网红旅行地的媒介凝视、地方想象和意义生产

媒介旅行已深度嵌入整体生活体验中,文化和旅游融合发展更是大势所趋。以电视剧《去有风的地方》为例,引入“想象之场”的概念,揭示“电视剧—新媒体—观众/游客”等多元主体如何呈现、想象和形塑大理这一网红旅行地的“实在性”“象征性”和“功能性”属性。研究发现,依托大理制造的“想象之场”,既是传统与现代相遇的“物理之场”,也是视觉与故事融合的“叙事之场”。它是理想乡村的想象性重建,呈现的是世相百态,折射的是平凡自我;它尝试消解社会的加速结构,疗愈焦虑的心灵,也吸引公众去往远方,在地打卡。在合力制造“想象之场”的循环过程中,公众媒介凝视的是其“实在性”,叙事运输后集体想象的是其“象征性”,两者最终为实现“功能性”服务。“想象之场”通过故事和想象强化大理的“精神乌托邦”意象,其中涌动着抵抗加速社会的力量,重塑青年群体的希望和韧性,更描绘出乡村振兴和文旅融合发展的美好蓝图。

四网融合条件下以客流需求为导向的市域铁路运输组织优化建议

[目的]区域一体化建设对区域多层次轨道交通网络的融合发展提出了更高的要求。在四网融合趋势下,应充分考虑客流需求,以客流需求为导向进行市域铁路的运输组织优化。[方法]从长江三角洲等区域轨道交通四网融合背景和市域铁路在其中的功能定位出发,明确了轨道交通互联互通的内涵。从客运需求总量、市域铁路客流分担率、运力供给和客运需求的匹配性3个方面阐述了当前市域铁路面临的运输组织困境。以客流需求为导向,从战略层、策略层及运营层3个层面提出了市域铁路运输组织的优化建议。[结果及结论]当前市域铁路运输组织的3大制约因素分别为线路规划建设与客运需求的差异、市域铁路与其他运输方式竞争优势不明显、缺少客流导向的列车开行方案调整机制及方法。从战略层角度应强化顶层设计,形成一体化运输组织体系;从策略层角度应化竞为合,发挥多模式轨道交通网络化效应;从运营层角度应以人为本,实行多样化行车组织模式。