Biodegradable metals such as magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research due to their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability.However,traditional casting,extrusio...Biodegradable metals such as magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research due to their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability.However,traditional casting,extrusion,and commercial processing have limitations in manufacturing components with a complex shape/structure,and these processes may produce defects such as cavities and gas pores which can degrade the properties and usefulness of the products.Compared to conventional techniques,additive manufacturing(AM)can be used to precisely control the geometry of workpieces made of different Mg-based materials with multiple geometric scales and produce desirable medical products for orthopedics,dentistry,and other fields.However,a detailed and thorough understanding of the raw materials,manufacturing processes,properties,and applications is required to foster the production of commercial Mg-based biomedical components by AM.This review summarizes recent advances and important issues pertaining to AM of Mg-based biomedical products and discusses future development and application trends.展开更多
背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管...背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。展开更多
Lanosterol and ergosterol are the active principles with potential pharmacological activities in Inonotus obliquus. However, the two sterols are less accumulated in cultured mycelia of the fungus. In this study, diffe...Lanosterol and ergosterol are the active principles with potential pharmacological activities in Inonotus obliquus. However, the two sterols are less accumulated in cultured mycelia of the fungus. In this study, different carbon and nitrogen sources and pH levels together with three metal ions were assayed for their effects on accumulation of the two sterols in the fungus. Among the tested media the growth medium consisting of glucose (1.5%), rice powder (0.5%), yeast extract (0.4%), wheat bran (0.1%), KH2PO4 (0.01%) and MgSO4·7H2O (0.05%) with pH level at 6.5 yielded a maximum production of the two sterols, which can further be increased following the treatment of Ag+, Cu2+ and Ca2+. Supplementing Ag+ at concentrations of 0.28 and 0.35μmol partially inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis, leading to an enhanced accumulation of lanosterol, the presence of intermediates of ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and a reduced accumulation of ergosterol in cultured mycelia of I.展开更多
Medical waste incinerator （MWI） fly ash is regarded as a highly toxic waste because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals anddioxins, including polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinate...Medical waste incinerator （MWI） fly ash is regarded as a highly toxic waste because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals anddioxins, including polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinateddibenzofurans （PCDFs）. Therefore fly ash from MWI must be appropriately treated before beingdischarged into the environment. A melting process based on adirect current thermal plasma torch has beendeveloped to convert MWI fly ash into harmless slag. The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in fly ash and vitrified slag were investigated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, while the content of PCDD/Fs in the fly ashes and slags was measured using method 1613 of the US EPA. The experimental results show that thedecomposition rate of PCDD/Fs is over 99% in toxic equivalent quantity value and the leaching of heavy metals in the slag significantlydecreases after the plasma melting process. The produced slag has a compact and homogeneous microstructure withdensity of up to2.8 g/cm3 .展开更多
背景:血管生成对于组织修复与再生是必不可少的,提高医用金属材料促血管生成的能力是近年来的研究热点。目的:整理讨论了医用金属材料促内皮细胞血管化的可能分子机制,为后续研发各种促血管生成的医用金属材料奠定基础。方法:检索PubMed...背景:血管生成对于组织修复与再生是必不可少的,提高医用金属材料促血管生成的能力是近年来的研究热点。目的:整理讨论了医用金属材料促内皮细胞血管化的可能分子机制,为后续研发各种促血管生成的医用金属材料奠定基础。方法:检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、中国知网和万方数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“medical metal materials OR alloy”“stent OR scaffold”“vascularization OR angiogenesis”“molecular mechanism OR signaling pathway”“endothelial cells”,中文检索词为“医用金属材料、金属”“支架”“血管化、血管生成”“分子机制、信号通路”“内皮细胞”,最终纳入76篇文献进行分析总结。结果与结论:①医用金属材料植入机体后在降解过程中所释放的金属离子,可以通过促进内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、黏附和提高成管能力来影响血管生成。②镁、锌、铜、锶及钴等金属离子可以激活Wnt、PI3K/Akt、MAPK、缺氧诱导因子1α/血管内皮生长因子等信号通路,上调血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子及缺氧诱导因子1α等血管生成因子的表达,促进血管生成相关细胞因子的分泌,从而诱导血管生成。③金属植入体内引起的免疫反应不仅影响植入材料的稳定性,还会影响血管化及成骨效果。④金属离子的浓度会影响血管生成的过程,金属材料降解过快,金属离子爆发积累会导致细胞毒性。确定金属离子最佳促血管化及成骨分化的浓度,是开发多功能金属材料的关键。⑤通过合金化、表面修饰改性等手段提高金属材料的耐腐蚀性,调控金属离子释放速率,有利于营造良好的成骨和血管生成微环境,加速组织的修复与再生。⑥金属促血管生成的机制丰富,但具体分子机制尚未彻底明晰,未来仍需进一步的研究。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B1515120078,2021A1515111140,and 2021B1515120059)National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2020YFC1107202)+3 种基金Science Research Cultivation Program(PY2022002)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202206010030)City University of Hong Kong Donation Research Grants[DONRMG No.9229021 and 9220061]as well as City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant[SRG 7005505].
文摘Biodegradable metals such as magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research due to their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability.However,traditional casting,extrusion,and commercial processing have limitations in manufacturing components with a complex shape/structure,and these processes may produce defects such as cavities and gas pores which can degrade the properties and usefulness of the products.Compared to conventional techniques,additive manufacturing(AM)can be used to precisely control the geometry of workpieces made of different Mg-based materials with multiple geometric scales and produce desirable medical products for orthopedics,dentistry,and other fields.However,a detailed and thorough understanding of the raw materials,manufacturing processes,properties,and applications is required to foster the production of commercial Mg-based biomedical components by AM.This review summarizes recent advances and important issues pertaining to AM of Mg-based biomedical products and discusses future development and application trends.
文摘背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangsu Province （No. 05KJA36012）, and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （BK2006034）
文摘Lanosterol and ergosterol are the active principles with potential pharmacological activities in Inonotus obliquus. However, the two sterols are less accumulated in cultured mycelia of the fungus. In this study, different carbon and nitrogen sources and pH levels together with three metal ions were assayed for their effects on accumulation of the two sterols in the fungus. Among the tested media the growth medium consisting of glucose (1.5%), rice powder (0.5%), yeast extract (0.4%), wheat bran (0.1%), KH2PO4 (0.01%) and MgSO4·7H2O (0.05%) with pH level at 6.5 yielded a maximum production of the two sterols, which can further be increased following the treatment of Ag+, Cu2+ and Ca2+. Supplementing Ag+ at concentrations of 0.28 and 0.35μmol partially inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis, leading to an enhanced accumulation of lanosterol, the presence of intermediates of ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and a reduced accumulation of ergosterol in cultured mycelia of I.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.Y5100192)
文摘Medical waste incinerator （MWI） fly ash is regarded as a highly toxic waste because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals anddioxins, including polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinateddibenzofurans （PCDFs）. Therefore fly ash from MWI must be appropriately treated before beingdischarged into the environment. A melting process based on adirect current thermal plasma torch has beendeveloped to convert MWI fly ash into harmless slag. The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in fly ash and vitrified slag were investigated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, while the content of PCDD/Fs in the fly ashes and slags was measured using method 1613 of the US EPA. The experimental results show that thedecomposition rate of PCDD/Fs is over 99% in toxic equivalent quantity value and the leaching of heavy metals in the slag significantlydecreases after the plasma melting process. The produced slag has a compact and homogeneous microstructure withdensity of up to2.8 g/cm3 .
文摘背景:血管生成对于组织修复与再生是必不可少的,提高医用金属材料促血管生成的能力是近年来的研究热点。目的:整理讨论了医用金属材料促内皮细胞血管化的可能分子机制,为后续研发各种促血管生成的医用金属材料奠定基础。方法:检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、中国知网和万方数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“medical metal materials OR alloy”“stent OR scaffold”“vascularization OR angiogenesis”“molecular mechanism OR signaling pathway”“endothelial cells”,中文检索词为“医用金属材料、金属”“支架”“血管化、血管生成”“分子机制、信号通路”“内皮细胞”,最终纳入76篇文献进行分析总结。结果与结论:①医用金属材料植入机体后在降解过程中所释放的金属离子,可以通过促进内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、黏附和提高成管能力来影响血管生成。②镁、锌、铜、锶及钴等金属离子可以激活Wnt、PI3K/Akt、MAPK、缺氧诱导因子1α/血管内皮生长因子等信号通路,上调血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子及缺氧诱导因子1α等血管生成因子的表达,促进血管生成相关细胞因子的分泌,从而诱导血管生成。③金属植入体内引起的免疫反应不仅影响植入材料的稳定性,还会影响血管化及成骨效果。④金属离子的浓度会影响血管生成的过程,金属材料降解过快,金属离子爆发积累会导致细胞毒性。确定金属离子最佳促血管化及成骨分化的浓度,是开发多功能金属材料的关键。⑤通过合金化、表面修饰改性等手段提高金属材料的耐腐蚀性,调控金属离子释放速率,有利于营造良好的成骨和血管生成微环境,加速组织的修复与再生。⑥金属促血管生成的机制丰富,但具体分子机制尚未彻底明晰,未来仍需进一步的研究。
