Nursing-related Patient Safety Events in Hospitals

To explore the method of identifying nursing-related patient safety events, types, contributing factors and evaluate consequences of these events in hospitals of China, incident report program was established and implemented in 15 patient units in two teaching hospitals of China to get the relevant information. Among 2935 hospitalized patients, 141 nursing-related patient safety events were reported by nurses. Theses events were categorized into 15 types. Various factors contributed to the events and the consequence varied from no harm to patient death. Most of the events were pre- ventable. It is concluded that incident reporting can provide more information about patient safety, and establishment of a program of voluntary incident reporting in hospitals of China is not only urgent but also feasible.

Knowledge Representation in Patient Safety Reporting: An Ontological Approach

Purpose： The current development of patient safety reporting systems is criticized for loss of information and low data quality due to the lack of a uniformed domain knowledge base and text processing functionality. To improve patient safety reporting, the present paper suggests an ontological representation of patient safety knowledge. Design/methodology/approach： We propose a framework for constructing an ontological knowledge base of patient safety. The present paper describes our design, implementation,and evaluation of the ontology at its initial stage. Findings： We describe the design and initial outcomes of the ontology implementation. The evaluation results demonstrate the clinical validity of the ontology by a self-developed survey measurement. Research limitations： The proposed ontology was developed and evaluated using a small number of information sources. Presently, US data are used, but they are not essential for the ultimate structure of the ontology.Practical implications： The goal of improving patient safety can be aided through investigating patient safety reports and providing actionable knowledge to clinical practitioners.As such, constructing a domain specific ontology for patient safety reports serves as a cornerstone in information collection and text mining methods.Originality/value： The use of ontologies provides abstracted representation of semantic information and enables a wealth of applications in a reporting system. Therefore, constructing such a knowledge base is recognized as a high priority in health care.

The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

Background: Healthcare providers were faced daily with many decision-making that impacted patients’ safety. According to dual process theory, there were two types of thinking: Experiential style (ES) and Rational Style (RS). Both thinking styles had an impact on individuals’ decisions making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out nurses’ and physicians’ styles of thinking and how this impacted patients’ safety. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Nurses and physicians sample of adults (n = 308), 190 (61.7%) of the sample were nurses and 118 (38.3%) of the sample were physicians. Participants completed a self-report online survey, which included demographic information followed by questionnaires to measure thinking style and a cognitive puzzle to see if the medical error was associated with certain styles of thinking. Results: The main findings were that nurses (M = 2.41, SD = 0.37) had significantly higher scores compared to physicians (M = 2.29, SD = 0.39) in their ES, t(305) = 2.73, p = 0.007;with medium effect size, d = 0.37692. Conclusion: Nurses differed from physicians in ES where nurses had a significantly higher score than physicians which could be positive for patients’ safety as higher ES would report errors compared to lower ES.

Promoting Clinician Well-Being and Patient Safety Using Human Factors Science: Reducing Unnecessary Occupational Stress

Our healthcare delivery system has accumulated complexity of payment, regulation systems, expectations and requirements. Often these are not designed to align with clinical thinking process flow of patient care. As a result, clinicians are utilizing enormous mental (cognitive) resource to comply with these complexities, over and above the baseline mental effort required to give good care to the patient. Recent studies suggest a significant number of physicians, advanced practice providers and nurses no longer want to stay in healthcare due to difficult work expectations and conditions that have become unreasonable. Technology has benefitted healthcare delivery, but also is a conduit of many expectations that have been grafted upon clinician workloads, exceeding the resources provided to accomplish them. Cognitive load is a measure of mental effort and is divided into Intrinsic, Germane and Extraneous Cognitive Load. Extraneous Cognitive Load (ECL) is what is not necessary and can be removed by better design. High cognitive load is associated with increased risk of both medical error and clinician burnout. Chronic high level occupational stress occurs from dealing with this job/resource imbalance and is showing serious personal health impact upon clinicians and the quality of the work they can provide for patients. Since organizational systems have become more complex, leadership methods, clinician wellbeing and patient safety efforts need to adjust to adapt and succeed. Safety efforts have tended to predominantly follow methods of a few decades ago with predominant focus upon how things go wrong (Safety I) but are now being encouraged to include more of the study of how things go right (Safety II). Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) science has been used in many industries to preserve worker wellbeing and improve system performance. Patient safety is a product of good system performance. HFE science helps inform mechanisms behind Safety I and II approach. HFE concepts augment existing burnout and safety interventions by providing a conceptual roadmap to follow that can inform how to improve the multiple human/technology, human/system, and human/work environment interfaces that comprise healthcare delivery. Healthcare leaders, by their influence over culture, resource allocation, and implementation of requirements and workflows are uniquely poised to be effective mitigators of the conditions leading to clinician burnout and latent medical error. Basic knowledge of HFE science is a strategic advantage to leaders and individuals tasked with achieving quality of care, controlling costs, and improving the experiences of receiving and providing care.

The Relationship between Understaffing of Nurses and Patient Safety in Hospitals—A Literature Review with Thematic Analysis

Introduction: Patient safety and the occurrence of adverse events in hospitals is a topic which has been widely addressed over the last decades. In that respect, there has been an increasing interest in the effect of working conditions on patient safety, and whether understaffing and adverse events are correlated. This paper therefore reports results from a study of under- staffing of nurses understood as a lack of nurses available to conduct the tasks required of them. This implies that nurses are forced to ignore or postpone important tasks, thereby compromising patient safety. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to increase the knowledge of understaffing of hospital nurses, and the consequences that understaffing may have on patient safety. Methods: A literature search of the databases Chinal, Medline, Cochrane library, Isi Web of Science and Academic Search premiere was conducted in the period January 2014 to February, 2016. Results: Results are categorized into two main themes and four subthemes. The first main theme describes the direct relationship between understaffing and patient safety. Poor staffing increases the risk of mortality, and adverse conditions such as pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis and hospital-related infections. The second main theme relates to the indirect implications of understaffing for patient safety. These implications pertain to the lack of time that nurses could give each patient, limitations in the quality of nursing, and challenges in safe medication administration. Conclusions: The study documents the relationship between understaffing of nurses and adverse events in hospitals, revealingthat understaffing of nurses is a risk factor for hospitalized patients.

Patient Safety,Adverse Healthcare Events and Near-Misses in Obstetric Care—A Systematic Literature Review

Systematic development of a patient safety culture is necessary because lack of quality care leads to human suffering. The aim of this review was to identify evidence of obstetric adverse events (AEs) and near-misses in the context of patient safety. We conducted a search of the published literature from Europe, Australia and the USA in the following databases: Cinahl, Cochrane, Maternity and Infant Care, Ovid, Pro-quest and PubMed, guided by PRISMA procedures. A total of 427 studies were screened, 15 full papers retrieved and nine studies included in the final thematic analysis. The selected papers address a broad spectrum of adverse patient safety events in obstetric care. The themes that emerged were: type of AEs, near-misses and their consequences, strategies to support and improve Patient Safety (PS) and domains related to the WHO Patient Safety competence outcomes. The findings of the first theme were grouped into the following categories: healthcare professionals’ perspectives on ethical conflicts, attributing blame and responsibility, and patients’ perspectives on lack of trust and involvement, as well as medication errors. The second theme, strategies to support interventions to improve PS, was based on two sub-themes: communicating effectively and gaining competence by learning from adverse events, while the third theme was domains related to the WHO Patient Safety competence outcomes. In conclusion, few studies have examined strategies for managing AEs despite the existence of programmes that target the implementation of changes, such as improved teamwork training. In addition to exploring strategies to make safety a priority for patients and healthcare professionals, it is of the utmost importance to improve communication with patients and between professionals in order to maintain and enhance safety. Efforts by organizations and individuals to continuously develop knowledge about the risk of AEs and the use of best practice guidelines are also essential.

Observation on the Application Effect of Targeted Infusion Safety Nursing in Inpatients with Cancer

Objective:To study the clinical effect of targeted infusion safety nursing during infusion of inpatients with cancer.Methods:From January 1,2020,to January 1,2023,a total of 6,614 infusion patients were treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,and 300 inpatients with cancer were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 150 patients in each group.The control group received routine infusion nursing,and the observation group received targeted infusion safety nursing.The targeted infusion safety nursing was judged by comparing the nursing quality assessment,incidence of adverse events,patient compliance,and patients’mastery of infusion knowledge between the two groups.clinical effect.Results:After the targeted infusion safety nursing was given to the patients in the observation group,the patients in this group recognized the nursing quality,and the statistical score was higher than that in the control group;the incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group.The compliance of the observation group was higher than that of the control group.The mastery of health knowledge in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.02).Conclusion:After implementing targeted infusion safety nursing for inpatients with cancer,it can effectively prevent the occurrence of adverse events,improve patient compliance,and increase the mastery of relevant knowledge of patients.

Patient safety practices and medical errors: Perception of health care providers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Even though evidences are limited in developing countries, the probability of patients being harmed in hospitals when receiving care might be much greater than that of the industrialized nations. Thus, aim of this study was to assess patient safety practice and the perceived prevalence of medical errors at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted during June, July and August 2010 in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Patient safety grade and the perceived prevalence of medical errors were computed descriptively. Then, the effect of various independent variables on patient safety grade was assessed using multiple linear regressions analysis. Result: The overall patient safety grade as rated by the participants was excellent (7.2%), very good (20.7%), acceptable (36.0%), poor (30.0%) and failing (6.4%). Complications related to anesthesia occurred sometimes, rarely and never according to 30.8%, 43% and 15.8% of the respondents, respectively. Death in low mortality patients was reported to occur most of the time by 10.4% of the respondents. In addition, failure to rescue, infection due to medical care, postoperative hemorrhage, postoperative sepsis, birth injury to the neonate, obstetric trauma to the mother were reported to happened. Supervisor expectation and actions promoting patient safety (p < 0.001), and communication openness and feedback about errors (p = 0.002) had positive correlation with patient safety grade. Conclusion: this study indicated that poor patient safety practice and potentially preventable medical errors in the hospital.

Patient Safety Efforts in Tanzania: A Rapid Review of Two-Decades Efforts (2002-2022) to Inform Interventions towards Attainment of 2030 Targets

Introduction: The need to address the problem of patient safety has been a focus of World Health Assembly (WHA) meetings of 2002, 2019 and 2021. The 2019 WHA Resolution urged the Member States to take action on patient safety. We aimed to review patient safety efforts in Tanzania from 2002 to 2022 to inform improvement efforts towards the 2030 target. Methods: A rapid literature review was conducted between January 2002 and April 2022. We searched Google, PubMed and PubMed Central in April and May 2022 using the following search terms: PubMed—“patient safety Tanzania”, “blood safety in Tanzania”, “safe surgery Tanzania”, and “healthcare-associated infections Tanzania”;Google—“blood safety in Tanzania”, injection safety in Tanzania”, “infection prevention and control”, “radiation safety in health facilities in Tanzania”;and PubMed Central—“injection safety in Tanzania. Results: The search identified 4160 articles, of which 4053 were removed in initial screening;21 were duplicates, giving 86 relevant articles for full screening. Of the 86 articles, 04 were removed after the full screening, hence remaining with 82 articles. Among the 82 eligible articles, 27 are on IPC, 26 on safe surgery, 12 on blood safety, 07 on radiation safety, 06 on injection safety, and 02 on medication safety. One article was relevant to—blood safety, IPC and injection safety;and one article was relevant to—IPC and injection safety. Conclusion: Most of the eligible literature was on IPC and safe surgery, followed by blood safety, radiation safety, injection safety and medication safety. The literature on IPC has highlighted the need to strengthen efforts to address AMR. Findings from the implementation of the safe surgery 2020 intervention warrants for its scale-up to other zones. There is a need to strengthen hemovigilance and pharmacovigilance functions;and strengthen quality management and assurance systems and regulatory functions to ensure radiation safety.

Safety of the Patient from the Medication

Currently, more than 7% of admissions to acute care hospitals am related with AEMs （adverse events to medications）. AEMs are the sixth cause of death, causing a cost of over $5.6 million dollars （USD） per hospital per year. There is an estimate that between 19% and 23% of hospitalized patients will have an adverse effect within the first 30 days after being discharged, 14.3% will be re-admitted and 70% of these events will be related to a medication prescription. Fortunately, at least 58% of these AEMs are preventable, since they result from a lack of information on the medication, prescription and dosage errors and from the abuse and underuse of the same. Polymedicated patients, especially the elderly with multiple pathologies and/or chronic patients that need to be admitted into the hospital more frequently, usually to internal medicine, neurology, psychiatry, rehabilitation and intensive care, are precisely the most liable to suffer from medication errors. It must be the objective to aim for the increase in the patient safety standards when it comes to medications.

Failure to prevent medication errors: We need smarter nearly error proof systems

Purpose: To determine if nurses are able to identify medication errors that have the potential to bypass computer physician order entry (CPOE) and smart ordering systems. Background: Medical care systems employ computer “smart” systems to reduce medication errors by using artificial intelligence (preprogrammed methods of decision support and error reduction). However, these systems are not perfect and they can be bypassed. Nurses who carry out the order represent the last check point in error prevention prior to the administration of medication orders. Methods: A paper exercise was created with 513 physician orders. Nurses were asked to indicate whether they would carry out the order, refuse to carry out the order, consult a pharmacist for clarification, or carry out the order with special precautions. Nurses were given the option of using any nursing or medical reference. Results: The rate of correctly identifying 23 of the contraindicated orders was low. Both experienced and inexperienced nurses had high rates of not identifying the errors despite similar use of references and requests for assistance from pharmacists. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that if an error escapes a smart system, nurses were able to identify most of these errors, but not all of these. The current system features high stress, self-esteem issues, time pressure, high volume, and high risk. The system must change radically to meet the public’s expectations of being nearly error free which can only be achieved with smarter systems that are more resistant to human errors.

Critical values of monitoring indexes for perioperative major adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with biliary diseases

BACKGROUND Major adverse cardiac events(MACE) in elderly patients with biliary diseases are the main cause of perioperative accidental death, but no widely recognized quantitative monitoring index of perioperative cardiac function so far.AIM To investigate the critical values of monitoring indexes for perioperative MACE in elderly patients with biliary diseases.METHODS The clinical data of 208 elderly patients with biliary diseases in our hospital from May 2016 to April 2021 were retrospectively analysed. According to whether MACE occurred during the perioperative period, they were divided into the MACE group and the non-MACE group.RESULTS In the MACE compared with the non-MACE group, postoperative complications, mortality, hospital stay, high sensitivity troponin-Ⅰ(Hs-TnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), myoglobin(MYO), B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), and Ddimer(D-D) levels were significantly increased(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that postoperative BNP and D-D were independent risk factors for perioperative MACE, and their cut-off values in the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve were 382.65 pg/mL and 0.965 mg/L, respectively.CONCLUSION The postoperative BNP and D-D were independent risk factors for perioperative MACE, with the critical values of 382.65 pg/mL and 0.965 mg/L respectively. Consequently, timely monitoring and effective maintenance of perioperative cardiac function stability are of great clinical significance to further improve the perioperative safety of elderly patients with biliary diseases.

Clinical profile of medication-related emergencies among patients presenting to the emergency department:An observational study

Objective:To determine the clinical profile of patients presenting with medication-related emergencies to the Emergency Department of our institute.Methods:This was an observational study conducted between November 2018 and September 2020 at Bangalore Baptist Hospital,Karnataka.A total of 138 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study.The severity of adverse drug reactions(ADR)is assessed based on the Hurwitz severity assessment scale of ADR.Glasgow coma scale at the time of presentation and source of medication were noted.The type of drug overdose,requirement of advanced airway and vasopressors,and the outcome were also assessed.Results:Among medication-related emergencies(n=138)in our study,ADR contributed to 70.3%(n=97)of the study population,and drug overdose accounted for 29.7%(n=41).One-third of the ADR occurred in patients aged above 60 years.Most patients were hemodynamically stable and did not require vasopressors,or advanced airway in both groups.Most patients had Glasgow coma scale ranging from 13-15 in both groups.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most used medicine(17/41,41.5%)and most medications were over the counter drugs(25/41,61.0%)in the drug overdose group;meanwhile in the ADR group,anti-diabetic medication was the most used medicine(34/97,35.1%)and most medications were prescribed in the ADR group(93/97,95.9%).Conclusions:Our study shows that ADR is the most common type of medication-related emergency.

Personality Traits, Thinking Styles, and Emotional Intelligence in Nursing, towards Healthcare Providers’ Characterization and Safer Patient Care

Background: This study explored nursing personality traits (Big Five Inventory BFI), emotional intelligence (EI), and thinking styles (Rational, RS, and Experiential, ES) together with demographic data to see how they could relate and the implication of this on nurses and patient safety. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Nursing sample (n = 435). Participants completed a self-report online survey, which included demographic information, followed by questionnaires to measure personality traits, thinking styles, and emotional intelligence. Results: Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between EI and Extraversion;there was a moderate positive correlation between the two variables, r = 0.487, p r = 0.731, p r = 0.723, p r = -0.666, p r = 0.467, p Conclusion: Different studies consolidated each other, and all converge and channel into the concept of characterization of healthcare providers for better support to them and safer patient care. EI correlated with all BFI components, and both positively impacted all desirable behaviors. Therefore, it would be valuable if organizations invested in increasing EI in their providers as it might highlight areas for improvement and equip providers with appropriate and advantageous coping strategies.

护士用药安全管理实践现状与思考

用药安全管理是患者安全管理的重要内容。护士作为患者用药的最终执行者,其用药安全管理水平对于保证住院患者的治疗安全至关重要。文章回顾了国内外用药安全管理与实践现状,总结我国护士在用药安全管理实践中取得的进展与成效,为进一步推动住院患者用药安全水平的提升提供参考。

PDCA循环管理在提高床均医疗质量安全不良事件上报例数中的应用效果

目的根据等级医院评审和三级公立医院绩效考核的要求,研究计划-实施-检查-处理(Plan-Do-Check-Action,PDCA)循环管理在提高床均医疗质量安全不良事件上报例数中的应用效果。方法选取广东省农垦中心医院2021年1—12月床均医疗质量安全不良事件上报例数进行现状分析,并制定改进措施,持续监测;再选取2022年1—12月的床均医疗质量安全不良事件报告情况,通过对比改进前后验证PDCA循环法的作用效果。结果2022年1—12月医疗质量安全不良事件上报例数为887例,季度床均医疗质量安全不良事件报告例数分别为:第一季度15.5例,第二季度21.0例,第三季度19.4例,第四季度32.8例。2021—2022年床均医疗质量安全不良事件上报例数呈上升趋势。2022年1—12月医院不良事件上报例数高于2021年1—12月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用PDCA循环的管理思路能有效提高床均医疗质量安全不良事件上报例数,加强医疗安全,提高服务质量。

基于FAERS的哌拉西林他唑巴坦不良事件信号挖掘与分析

目的挖掘哌拉西林他唑巴坦(TZP)的药品不良事件(ADE)信号,促进临床合理、安全用药。方法采用比例失衡法对美国食品药品管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)自建库至2024年3月所有TZP ADE报告进行信号挖掘,分析报告病例的基本情况及不良反应相关信息。结果共提取得到主要怀疑药物涉及ADE报告数为20620513条,TZP为主要怀疑药物涉及ADE报告数为6489条。共挖掘ADE信号543个,涉及25个器官/系统分类(SOC),二次筛选最终检测出ADE信号数43个,其中新的ADE信号17个,ADE信号涉及SOC分类的数量排名前5为分别是皮肤及皮下组织类疾病、全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、各类检查、感染及侵染类疾病、血液及淋巴系统疾病;ADE信号数排名前5位的首选术语分别为皮疹、发热、急性肾损伤、瘙痒、血小板减少症。青霉素类药物在血液及淋巴系统疾病存在多种不良反应信号,TZP导致血小板减少病例数最多,苯唑西林导致粒细胞缺乏关联强度比例报告比值比最高;TZP导致白细胞减少疗程中位数为11.00 d,累积剂量中位数为148.50 g;该药导致粒细胞缺乏疗程中位数为14.00 d,累积剂量中位数为216.00 g;该药导致血小板减少症疗程中位数为7.00d,累积剂量中位数为87.00 g。结论用药期间需密切关注皮肤及皮下组织类疾病相关不良反应,可能较胃肠道系统疾病更多;临床大剂量或长疗程应用TZP时可导致多个系统发生不良反应,尤其需密切关注血液及淋巴系统疾病相关不良反应,避免发生严重不良反应。

肿瘤放射治疗医学物理实习生的患者安全教育课程探索

放射治疗的技术复杂,患者治疗安全性备受医患家属关注。在这一背景下,放射治疗物理实习生的患者安全培训成为实习课程中非常重要的环节。患者安全培训不仅要求实习生掌握基础理论知识,更需要培养临床紧急情况时的综合应对能力,以确保患者在接受治疗时的安全。该研究介绍了解放军总医院第一医学中心针对放疗医学物理实习生制定的患者安全教育培训课程,并评估学习效果。该课程为期2个月,涵盖了基础理论、临床技能、质量保证、沟通教育和伦理等12个教学主题领域;通过结合在线资源自主学习、课堂授课理论教学、模拟临床情境演练和故障模式分析讨论实践教学,全面提升了实习生在放射治疗中的患者安全意识和应对能力。培训反馈结果显示,62名参与培训的医学物理实习生在患者安全知识、质量控制流程、辐射防护原则、团队协作能力以及医患沟通技巧等方面均有显著提升;在理论知识方面,实习生从培训前的Level1(基础理解)提升至Level3.5(深入理解),并在模拟实践技能上展现出能够独立处理复杂临床情况的能力。

公立医院急诊患者安全管理与救援能力提升研究

在公立医院高质量发展的大背景下,提升疾病救治能力,为广大人民群众提供高质量、高水平的医疗服务,已成为各级公立医院的追求目标。急诊是反映医院医疗质量管理的窗口,各项急救工作高度依赖医生的判断以及医护人员的协作,属于高风险流程,需要医院管理者高度重视。淮安某公立医院利用医疗失效模式与效应分析工具(healthcare failure mode and effect analysis,HFMEA)对急诊患者进行安全管理,包括成立HFMEA团队,绘制现况价值流程,计算风险指数和决策树分析后实施改善方案,有效提升了急诊医疗质量与安全。同时通过建立健全应急救援组织架构、强化应急救援管理内涵质量、打造一流救援平台和优秀应急救援队伍,全面提升了医院在应急状态下的综合救援能力。

基于患者360视图的护理不良事件管理系统构建与应用

目的构建基于患者360视图的护理不良事件管理系统,优化护理不良事件管理流程。方法护理不良事件管理系统包含可视化安全预警、向导式上报及反馈追踪、分层系统培训3个功能模块,于2021年1月正式应用。结果系统应用后,压力性损伤、给药错误以及不良事件整体发生率均较应用前下降,其中给药错误发生率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而管路滑脱、跌倒/坠床的发生率较应用前略有增加;护理不良事件整改达标率由92.8%提高至95.7%(P<0.05);组织科护士长培训12次,组织全院护士长专项培训20余次,开展护理质量安全管理标准化操作规程工作坊12场次。结论基于患者360视图的护理不良事件管理系统可以提高护理风险识别率,降低护理不良事件发生率。下一步需在充分考虑患者特点与需求的基础上进一步优化系统功能。