Status Quo and Countermeasures of Humanities Quality Education in Clinical Teaching for Medical Students

In recent years,frequent conflicts between doctors and patients have attracted widespread attention from various sectors of society.The reasons for the tense doctor-patient relationship involve three major factors,namely social,medical,and patient factors.In the process of building social harmony,the people’s demand for daily health knowledge and basic medical security is increasing day by day.Among them,medical humanities quality education plays a particularly important role in building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.Strengthening the humanities quality education of medical students and creating a harmonious doctor-patient environment can better improve the tense doctor-patient relationship and reduce the occurrence of doctor-patient conflicts,ultimately promoting social stability.This requires medical schools not only to cultivate medical students’clinical diagnosis and treatment abilities,but also to enhance their humanistic qualities,strengthen medical humanities education,and face the requirements of medical development and the task of Healthy China.It is of great significance to improve the humanities quality education program for medical students.This article aims to explore the status quo of humanities quality education in clinical teaching for medical students and propose countermeasures to address the issues.

Evaluation of Sleep Quality in Undergraduated Medical Students

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality of medical students to identify the main factors that affect sleep patterns. Methods: According to the methodology, 154 students participated in the research, attending from the first to the sixth year of the course. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale were applied. Descriptive statistics techniques were applied and demonstrated in the form of tables and graphs. The comparison of variables was carried out using statistical tests. Results: The results showed that most students do not sleep very well. It was observed that 68.83% of a total of 106 students are bad sleepers. Conclusion: It is concluded that medical students sleep a low number of hours by period, which could interfere in impairment of attention, learning and memory formation, interfering in academic performance. On the other hand, they showed greater daytime sleepiness compared to the general population.

Analysis of the Necessity and Modalities of Imparting Death Education to Medical Students Undergoing Training in Oncology Departments

Patients with advanced-stage tumors may experience various psychological problems that can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of cancer treatment and the quality of their survival.Therefore,it is crucial for oncologists to prioritize addressing the psychological issues that patients encounter throughout the diagnosis and treatment process.As future frontline healthcare professionals,oncology medical students should receive education on end-of-life care early on in their training.This will enable them to develop a profound appreciation for the value of life,deliver improved medical services,and contribute to the humanization of medicine.Furthermore,they will be able to provide terminal patients and their families with effective professional guidance,assisting patients in finding peaceful endings with minimal pain and helping families come to terms with the inevitable realities they face.Moreover,this education can effectively enhance their sense of responsibility toward life and cultivate a positive and optimistic attitude toward their own lives.

Current Status of Key Competencies among Medical Students: A Latent Profile Analysis

The purpose of this study was to understand the overall level of key competencies of medical students and explore the potential profile of key competencies, promoting quality education, and improving the quality talent cultivation in medical colleges. A stratified random sampling method selected 734 medical students from four medical colleges in Chongqing Province of China. A general information questionnaire and a key competencies survey questionnaire were used to conduct the survey. The overall score and scores of each dimension of key competencies were analyzed. Latent profile analysis was conducted to classify the key competencies of medical students and compare the distribution differences of demographic variables among different categories. The results showed that 26% of medical students have never heard of the concept of key competencies, and 59% of them are not familiar with the content related to key competencies. The score of key competencies is 3.66 ± 0.60, with the highest score in the dimension of responsibility and the lowest score in the dimension of humanistic accomplishment. The latent profile analysis classified them into three categories: “low key competencies group (14.71%)”, “medium key competencies group (36.79%)”, and “high key competencies group (48.50%)”. The R3STEP regression analysis results showed statistically significant differences in educational level and whether they served as student cadres among different key competencies categories of medical students. This paper discusses three different potential key competencies categories among medical students, and the overall level of key competencies is relatively good. However, medical students lack a comprehensive and systematic understanding of key competencies. Humanistic accomplishment, healthy living, and practical innovation are the three dimensions with lower scores and should be given more attention. Medical colleges should integrate the concept of key competencies into teaching and implement it in medical practice to cultivate more high-quality medical talents for society.

Exploration of Curriculum Ideology and Politics Integrating Medical Humanities Cultivation Model to Enhance Medical Core Values

Purpose:To explore the application effect of the cultivation mode of Curriculum Ideology and Political Integration of Medical Humanities to enhance the core values of medicine in the clinical internship stage of medical students.Methods:Students in the clinical internship stage of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College were selected,and a total of 156 students in one random class in each grade were taken as the observation group and received the integration cultivation mode;148 students were taken as the control group and employed the traditional mode.The teaching effect of interns in the two groups was analyzed.Results:The teaching performance of students in both groups after clinical internship teaching was improved compared with that before admission;the teaching performance,teaching effect,teaching evaluation,and teaching satisfaction of the observation group were higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:The integration of the medical humanities training model with curriculum ideology and politics in the clinical internship of medical students is conducive to the improvement of teaching performance,teaching evaluation,teaching satisfaction of teachers and students,and the development and improvement of core values of medical students,which is of good value for teaching application.

Analysis on Humanistic Education of Medical Students

Medical students are the major force of future medical scientific research and clinical work, and itis of great necessity for medical students to have humanistic education, which is also an inevitable way of improving medical students＇ clinical practice quality. Social progress demands that medical students should not only have excellent professional skills, but also be able to think about problems from medical,social, moral and ethics perspectives, establishing the people-oriented patient-centered noble medical ethics, having a good ability to communicate with people.

Path Breakthrough of Medical Humanities Education From the Perspective of“All-Staff,Whole-Process,and All-Round Education”

Medical education is an important cornerstone for the development of healthcare,and medical humanities education,as an integral part of medical education,plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating people’s health guardians with high medical ethics.We adopted the method of stratified random sampling to select 309 students and 107 faculty members from three independent medical colleges in Sichuan province as the research subjects and distributed questionnaire surveys investigating in three dimensions:overall cognition of medical humanities,evaluation of medical humanistic qualities,and the current situation of medical humanities education,supplemented by an in-depth literature review and interviews with subject matter experts.We found that“tech-centrism”still has a great influence,the self-evaluation of medical students’humanistic quality is generally not high,the educational concept of“emphasizing professional skills over morality”of faculty and staff is still quite prevalent,and there is still the“last mile”phenomenon in medical humanities education.In order to promote the integrated development of“new medicine”and“new liberal arts”and break the barriers of“tech-centrism”and“instrumental rationality,”it is necessary to change the educational concept and strengthen the education of all employees,break through the bottleneck of internships and strengthen the whole process of education,integrate educational resources and strengthen all-round education,improve the incentive mechanisms,strengthen the assessment methods,and provide Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the development of medical humanities education.

Impacts and challenges of United States medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

The delivery of medical student education has changed rapidly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Students in their pre-clinical years have transitioned to online courses and examinations.Students in their clinical years are not permitted on clinical rotations,and face uncertainties in career exploration and the residency application process.Medical students in all stages of training are volunteering and helping their communities.The future presence of COVID-19 throughout the United States is unknown,and medical students are eager to return to their training.This paper outlines current challenges in medical student education and the various responses that have been adopted.We also discuss possible future directions for students through involvement in telemedicine,outpatient clinic visits,and non-respiratory inpatient care tasks as adequate personal protective equipment,COVID-19 testing,and resources become more widely available.

Chinese medical students’interest in COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)happened in early December and it has affected China in more ways than one.The societal response to the pandemic restricted medical students to their homes.Although students cannot learn about COVID-19 through clinical practice,they can still pay attention to news of COVID-19 through various channels.Although,as suggested by previous studies,some medical students have already volunteered to serve during the COVID-19 pandemic,the overall willingness of Chinese medical students to volunteer for such has not been systematically examined.AIM To study Chinese medical students’interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and what roles they want to play in the pandemic.METHODS Medical students at Peking Union Medical College were surveyed via a webbased questionnaire to obtain data on the extent of interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19,attitude towards volunteerism in the pandemic,and career preference.Logistic regression modeling was used to investigate possible factors that could encourage volunteerism among this group in a pandemic.RESULTS A total of 552 medical students responded.Most medical students showed a huge interest in COVID-19.The extent of students’interest in COVID-19 varied among different student-classes(P<0.05).Senior students had higher scores than the other two classes.The number of people who were‘glad to volunteer’in COVID-19 represented 85.6%of the respondents.What these students expressed willingness to undertake involved direct,indirect,and administrative job activities.Logistic regression analysis identified two factors that negatively influenced volunteering in the pandemic:Student-class and hazards of the voluntary job.Factors that positively influenced volunteering were time to watch COVID-19 news,predictable impact on China,and moral responsibility.CONCLUSION More innovative methods can be explored to increase Chinese medical students’interest in reading about the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and doing voluntary jobs during the pandemic.

Medical students as disaster volunteers:A strategy for improving emergency department surge response in times of crisis

Disasters resulting in mass casualty incidents can rapidly overwhelm the Emergency Department(ED).To address critical manpower needs in the ED’s disaster response,medical student involvement has been advocated.Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School is in proximity to Singapore General Hospital and represents an untapped manpower resource.With appropriate training and integration into ED disaster workflows,medical students can be leveraged upon as qualified manpower.This review provides a snapshot of the conceptualization and setting up of the Disaster Volunteer Corps-a programme where medical students were recruited to receive regular training and assessment from emergency physicians on disaster response principles to fulfil specific roles during a crisis,while working as part of a team under supervision.We discuss overall strategy and benefits to stakeholders,emphasizing the close symbiotic relationship between academia and healthcare services.

Medical Students’Views on Psychiatry in Germany and Italy:Survey

Objectives:In 2019,the Insititue for Health Metrics and Evaluation reported that 16%of life lost were attributed to mental health.As a result,global shortage of psychiatrists is a pressing issue due to the increasing burden of mental illness.In 2016,a mere 5%of US medical students chose psychiatry as a career,a trend mirrored in Germany and Italy.As the medical students of 2016 have graduated or transitioned into residency in 2023,their attitudes towards psychiatry could have contributed to today’s shortage of psychiatrists.The global mental health burden has only been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.This study explores the attitudes of German and Italian medical students towards psychiatry,their career aspirations,and the influence of factors such as personal experience and education on their interest in the field.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 799 medical students in two European countries in 2016.Participants answered questions about their attitudes towards psychiatry,their psychiatric education,and personal experiences.Inferential analyses were performed using chi-square tests and a significance level of 0.05.Results:The number of years in medical school,personal experiences,and perceived quality of education significantly affected specialty choice and ranking of psychiatry compared to other specialties.Internships,psychiatric placements,and views on psychiatric instructors also played a significant role in choosing psychiatry as a career.Conclusions:Assessing medical students’attitudes towards psychiatry and the factors that influence their career choices,such as psychiatric education and personal experiences,can inform changes to attract students to the field.Addressing the worldwide shortage of psychiatrists is crucial to reduce the burden of mental health and substance use disorders.

Cultivate Innovative and Entrepreneurial Qualities among Medical Students through Curriculum Ideology and Politics

As the main body of promoting the development of medical science and technology, medical students play an extremely important role in promoting the construction of new medical science. New medicine is a new concept based on the development of traditional medicine, breaking the discipline barrier, aiming to cultivate composite talents, taking reality as the orientation, and combining with the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence. Cultivating medical students’ innovation and entrepreneurship literacy is not only the internal need of the construction of innovative medical talents in new medical sciences, but also the development need of promoting the optimization of medical disciplines and effectively promoting the construction of an innovative country. As the main place for training medical talents, medical colleges and universities should integrate classroom ideology and politics with the new medical background to improve medical students’ professional knowledge, professional ethics, humanistic quality and scientific and technological quality, promote the cultivation of medical students’ innovative spirit, and further innovate medical theories, technologies and concepts. It lays a solid foundation for cultivating top medical talents with both innovative thinking and cultural self-confidence and building an innovative country.

English Forum on Medical Humanities of SMMU:An interdisciplinary innovative teaching practice

To conform to the college English teaching reform from English for General Purposes (EGP) to English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in the vital transfer era, the Foreign Language Department of Second Military Medical University (SMMU) launched an English for Medical Academic Purpose (EMAP) curriculum with English Forum on Medical Humanities (EFMH), a project-based teaching practice. Based on Rogers' learner-centered humanistic teaching approach which emphasizes students' involvement and experiences in learning, EFMH puts students and their practice in a central place. After four-year exploration and operation, the Forum has developed from a small-scaled embryo into an internationalized, standardized and professionalized event, having produced fruitful outcomes. It is expected that the success of EFMH will provide inspiring experiences and enlightenments for higher medical education in terms of academic English teaching and teachers' responsibilities to foster high-quality medical students.

Non-simulator-based techniques in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy for medical students: a systematic review

Non-simulator-based examination methods of the fundal examination have shown to be cost-effective.We reviewed different non-simulator-based direct fundoscopy examination methods used in undergraduate curricula and their outcomes.PubMed(MEDLINE) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using standard Medical Subject Heading(MeSH) terms ophthalmoscopy,medical education,undergraduate medical education,medical student,educational assessment and learning.The search included publications until 28^(th)February 2019.We obtained 34 articles after screening abstracts;of them,12 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis.The studies were comprised of diverse teaching methods which included fundal photograph matching with corresponding eye,continuous education using community-based eye clinics,formal instructions and demonstrations prior to skills training,ophthalmoscopy skills practice using eye pathologies,teaching versus conventional ophthalmoscopy and group-based teaching.We concluded that non-simulator-based techniques such as use of fundal photograph matching of an eye of a volunteer,introduction to eye pathologies,smaller student groups and formal instructions with video demonstrations prior to skills training were highly effective in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy for undergraduate medical students.

Assessment of toxicology knowledge in the fourth-year medical students:Three years of data

BACKGROUND:Pharmacology and toxicology are core content knowledge for physicians.Medical students should demonstrate understanding of general pharmacology and basic treatment of poisoning.The objective of this study was to measure the knowledge of the 4th-year medical students(MS4)on these topics over 3 years.METHODS:A multiple-choice exam(15 questions)was administered to MS4 students in spring of 2010,2011,and 2012.Questions were developed by medical toxicologists to evaluate basic knowledge in three areas:pharmacologic effects(PE),treatment of poisoning(TOP),and pharmacokinetics(PK).The students were grouped by intended specialtiesinto pharmacologic intense(anesthesia,emergency medicine,internal medicine,pediatrics,and psychiatry),less pharmacologic intense specialties(dermatology,OB/GYN,ophthalmology,pathology,physical medicine and rehabilitation,radiology,and surgery)and by completion of a pharmacology or toxicology elective.Mean group scores were compared using ANOVA.RESULTS:Totally 332 of 401(83%)students completed the survey.Mean scores were stable over the three years,higher for students completing a toxicology rotation and for students entering a pharmacologically intense specialty.CONCLUSION:The external validity is limited to a single medical school with incomplete participation and content was limited by the survey length.Consistent results over the three-year period and correlation of performance with completing a toxicology rotation and intent to enter a pharmacology intensive specialty suggest this survey may correlate with toxicology knowledge.Implementation of required core courses focused on toxicology may improve core content knowledge in fourth year medical students.

Medical students’ willingness to work in post-conflict areas: A qualitative study in Sri Lanka

Background: The north-east (NE) region of Sri Lanka observed a critical health workers’ shortage after the long-lasting armed conflict. This study aimed to explore medical students’ attitudes towards working in the NE and to identify factors determining such attitudes. Methods: A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in two medical schools, one in the NE and the other near the capital, in October 2004. Data were qualitatively analysed using the framework approach. Results: Three main themes were identified: 1) Professional motives and career plans;2) Students’ perceptions of the healthcare situation in the NE;and 3) Students’ choice of the NE as a future practice location. It was found that familiarity with the difficulties faced by the NE people was a major motivation for medical students to work in the NE in the future. For NE students, familiarity was linked to their sense of belonging. For non-NE students, their personal experience of the NE familiarized them with the difficult situation there, which positively influenced their willingness to work there. Demotivations to work in the NE were poor working and living conditions, fewer opportunities for postgraduate education, language differences, insecurity, and fear of an unpleasant social response from the NE communities. Conclusions: NE local medical students had a sense of belonging to the NE and compassion for the Tamil people as members of the ethnic group. They were willing to work in the NE if their concerns about difficult working and living conditions and postgraduate education could be solved. Non-NE students who were familiar with the NE situation through their personal experience also showed a willingness to work there;thus, early exposure programmes in medical education might help to increase the health workforce in the NE. It is also expected that non-NE physicians working for the NE people would facilitate reconciliation and the rebuilding of trust between two ethnic groups.

Curricular Content Level of Complexity Is a Factor of Depression and Learning in Medical Students

The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of Human Physiology curriculum on depression and academic performance of medical students. Beck instrument was applied before exams’ period to all students who voluntarily participated and the grades gotten in each of the three Human Physiology exams were correlated with all first year’s averages. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. We found a significant relationship between the complexity of Human Physiology curriculum and the number of cases of depression, resulting in low academic average;high correlations were among Human Physiology contents and those of Biochemistry and Anatomy. It is important to implement support programs to follow students’ emotional welfare as well as to go over the subject’s content.

Teaching reproductive endocrinology in Iran: Pilot assessment of hospital-based clinical modules for medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences

This pilot study evaluated effectiveness and acceptance of a new hospital-based reproductive endocrinology curriculum among Iranian medical students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was used to compare two teaching methods as applied to junior medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students were randomly assigned to one of two clinical teaching settings;no student experienced both modules. Coursework for the pilot (experimental) group (n = 19) utilized a teaching approach comprising lectures, genetics laboratory, pelvic ultrasound, small group sessions, and opportunities to observe advanced reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, ICSI, and embryo transfer. A control group (n = 34) received reproductive endocrinology instruction by the ‘traditional curriculum’, consisting mainly of lectures. Students were sampled at baseline and again atthe conclusion of their reproductive endocrinology session. Pre- and post-test data were analyzed for both groups;post-test differences between groups were also compared. No significant differences in mean age or gender mix were identified between the two study groups. Overall, the ques- tionnaire did not identify any significant intergroup differences for any parameter investigated. Although student acceptance rate appeared similar for both educational modules, the ratio of students having a “favorable regard” for reproductive medicine declined only among students randomized to the control group (41.2% vs. 32.3%). This report offers the first data on teaching reproductive endocrinology to medical students in Iran. Both traditional and innovative approaches to teaching reproductive endocrinology were well-accepted by students, although negative post-test responses were more common among students in the control group. While periodic quality assessments for existing clinical teaching methods are necessary, introduction of alternative teaching approaches is also important. Additional studies are planned to evaluate the impact this initiative may have on results on standardized tests measuring reproductive endocrinology knowledge, as well as election of further specialization in training.

Stress Sensitivity and Signs of Anxiety or Depression among First Year Clinical Dental and Medical Students

Background: Negative stress symptoms are reported in the literature among clinical dental and medical students and can include signs of anxiety or depression. However, very little has been researched about existing psychological preconditions of these students that could make them more vulnerable to negative stress symptoms. Objective: The aims were to explore first year clinical dental and medical students’ experiences of stress intensity, stress sensitivity and signs of anxiety or depression. Gender was also explored as a possible predictor of these psychosocial phenomena. Methods: First year clinical students at Aarhus University dental (n = 49) and medical schools (n = 59) were recruited to fill out a 45-item questionnaire that comprised demographics and three scales: Cohens Perceived Personal Stress (PPS-10), Stress Sensitivity Inventory (SSI) and Depression Anxiety & Stress Scale (DASS-21). Groups and genders were compared by frequency and using association statistics, bivariate odds ratios, nominal logistic regression and ANOVA. Results: Stress intensity perceptions were moderate to high for many. Dental students scored higher than medical students on all mean test scores. In general, women showed higher levels of stress than men. Dental students scored significantly higher than medical students on Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Stress with ANOVA tests. However, when gender, age and medical or dental student status were added into a logistic regression analysis in which high stress sensitivity was the main dependent variable, only high scores in perceived stress intensity and signs of depression and anxiety showed significant main effects. Conclusion: Present study confirmed the literature that reports high degrees of stress among dental and medical students. But more importantly, Stress Sensitivity Inventory appeared to be a reliable and excellent predictor of high perceived stress and signs of depression and anxiety. It can be useful to detect and prevent student psychosocial dysfunction in clinical learning environments. An important challenge for medical and dental educational institutions is to provide specific student emotional support as early as needed as well as to consider appropriate stress prevention curriculum reforms.

A longitudinal surgical systems strengthening research program for medical students:the exploration of a model for global health education

Background:In response to the staggering global burden of conditions requiring emergency and essential surgery,the development of international surgical system strengthening(SSS)is fundamental to achieving universal,timely,quality,and affordable surgical care.Opportunity exists in identifying optimal collaborative processes that both promote global surgery research and SSS,and include medical students.This study explores an education model to engage students in academic global surgery and SSS via institutional support for longitudinal research.Objectives:We set out to design a program to align global health education and longitudinal health systems research by creating an education model to engage medical students in academic global surgery and SSS.Program design and implementation:In 2015,medical schools in the United States and Colombia initiated a collaborative partnership for academic global surgery research and SSS.This included development of two longitudinal academic tracks in global health medical education and academic global surgery,which we differentiated by level of institutional resourcing.Herein is a retrospective evaluation of the first two years of this program by using commonly recognized academic output metrics.Main achievements:In the first two years of the program,there were 76 total applicants to the two longitudinal tracks.Six of the 16(37.5%)accepted students selected global surgery faculty as mentors(Acute Care Surgery faculty participating in SSS with Colombia).These global surgery students subsequently spent 24 total working weeks abroad over the two-year period participating in culminating research experiences in SSS.As a quantitative measure of the program’s success,the students collectively produced a total of twenty scholarly pieces in the form of accepted posters,abstracts,podium presentations,and manuscripts in partnership with Colombian research mentors.Policy implications:The establishment of scholarly global health education and research tracks has afforded our medical students an active role in international SSS through participation in academic global surgery research.We propose that these complementary programs can serve as a model for disseminated education and training of the future global systems-aware surgeon workforce with bidirectional growth in south and north regions with traditionally under-resourced SSS training programs.