Reason Analysis and Risk Prevention of Soaring Price of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials

In recent years,the price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials soars continuously,and the resulting price risk increasingly looms large,which has critically affected midstream and downstream industries and peoples' demand for drug,and imperiled healthy and orderly development of traditional Chinese medicinal industries.Based on the status quo of continuous skyrocketing price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials at present,we winkle out the root cause of soaring price as follows:the supply and demand lose balance;the production costs hike up;there are other factors responsible for soaring price.This paper further analyses the impact of sharp increase in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials on all links of industry chain as follows:the medicinal herb growers never benefit from soaring price;the counterfeiters and forgers in midstream industry increase;the gross profit rate of Chinese medicine enterprises declines.In accordance with the risk arising from abnormal fluctuation in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,corresponding precautionary measures are put forward as follows:promote the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of value chain;curtail the production and management cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of organization chain;stabilize price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of information chain;reduce transaction cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of logistics chain.

Problems in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Industry in Shiyan City and Countermeasures

Through the analysis on the cultivation advantages and development problems of traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, some measures were proposed to enlarge and enhance the traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry, namely, large-scale, standardized, market-oriented and regionalized planting, thereby making it the pillar industry for farmers to increase income.

Effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO_2) Controlled Atmosphere on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity of Three Storage Pests in Chinese Medicinal Materials

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of controlled atmosphere stress of carbon dioxide （ CO2 ） on Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity of in- sect, so as to analyze the biological mechanism of the action of controlled atmosphere stress on insect. [ Method] Using nitrotetrazolium blue chloride （NBT） light reduction method, SOD activity of drugstore beetle （ Stegobium panlceum ）, cigarette beetle （ Lasioderma serricorne） and coffee bean beetle （Araecerus fasciculatus） was studied, and the stress response of the enzyme under controlled atmosphere stress of CO2 was analyzed. [ Result ] SOD activity of drugstore beetle, cigarette beetle and coffee bean beetle exposed to controlled atmosphere stress of high concentrations of CO2 for 3 and 6 h had certain degree of increase, and the activity sig- nificantly increased from 2.011±0.954,2.664±0.218 and 1.458±0.718 to 3. 135±0. 105,3.050±0.673 and 2.975±0.229 U/（per pest · 30 min） after treat- ment for 6 h. [ Conclusion] Controlled atmosphere stress of high concentrations of CO2 had certain activation effect on SOD activity of storage pest in Chinese me- dicinal material within the context of sub-lethal events. The results could enrich the insecticidal mechanism of controlled atmosphere and theoretical system of analy- sis on insect resistance to controlled atmosphere.

A Novel Sample Introduction Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of As,Se,Ge and Hg in Chinese Medicinal Material

A novel technique of Moveable Reduction Bed Hydride Generator（MRBHG）was applied tohe hydride generation or cold vapor generation of As，Se，Ge，and Hg existing In TraditionalChinese Medicinal Material（TCM）．The simultaneous determination of the multi－elements wasperformed with ICP－MS．A solid reduction system involving the use of potassiumtetraborohydride and tartaric acid was applied to generating metal hydride or cold vaporefficiently．The factors affecting the metal cold vapor generation were studied．The mainadvantage of the technique is that only a 4μL volume of sample was required for the cold vapor

Antioxidant Activity of 50 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Varies with Total Phenolics

This study was designed to determine the total phenolic content of 50 herbs and to examine their antioxidant potential. In the sample preparation, 60% ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent for the subsequent experiments. Folin-Cicolteau phenol reagent and a colorimetric method were used to determine the total phenolic content of the selected herbs. The result showed that total phenolic content of those herbs ranged from 2 to 185 mg/g. In antioxidant assay, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) values ranged from 2 to 134 mg GAE/g;the IC50 values of DPPH?·, ·OH and ?scavenging were in the range of 0.06 - 5.50 mg/mL, 0.017 - 0.636 mg/mL and 0.050 - 0.681 mg/mL respectively. Flos caryophylli was the exceptant in the ?scavenging assay because there was no linear relation between the concentration and the scavenging percentage. Compared to gallic acid, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in antioxidant assay as positive control, the most potential antioxidant herbs were Cacumen platycladi, Radix et Rhizoma rhei, Rhizoma rhodiolae crenulatae, and Rhizoma sanguisorbae with considerable content of phenolics. Especially, a positive and significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and FRAP value or DPPH· scavenging percentage.

Research Progress of Soil Factors Affecting the Quality of Chinese Medicinal Materials

The paper summarized the effects of soil on the quality of Chinese medicinal materials from the aspects of physical,chemical and biological properties of soil,in order to provide a reference for further research on the internal relationship between soil factors and the quality of Chinese medicinal materials,and to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and quality improvement of Chinese medicinal materials.

Intellectual Property Rights and Authentic Protection of Chinese Wolfberry in Xinjiang

This paper introduced the biological characteristics and medicinal value of medlar(Lycium chinense Miller).It studied Chinese wolfberry industry and its agricultural intellectual property resources in Xinjiang.In addition,it analyzed main problems such as the lag in the construction of authentic medicinal materials bases and insufficient deep processing of related products.Finally,it proposed eight recommendations including cultivating biological species with more medicinal value and creating an advantageous area of characteristic authentic medicinal materials.

Development of Specialized Courses and Establishment of Teaching Materials in Nursing of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11 thCentral Committee of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the promotion and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the pace of TCM nursing work has been accelerated in nationwide,and a group of integrated Chinese and western medicine nurses have been cultivated preliminarily. However,professional nurses of integrated Chinese and western medicine are still deficient extremely. The target of talent cultivation,based on the theory of "focusing on humanism,expanding diathesis,and enhancing practice to highlight the accommodation and integration of nurses of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine",is to cultivate competent,practical and interdisciplinary senior nursing talents with strong professional basis,skilled operations,rich humanistic literacy,and sharp innovative spirit who not only master modern nursing knowledge and skills,but also can perform comprehensive nursing under the guidance of TCM theory of holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and nursing. This study,through investigating and analyzing the settings of3-year nursing professional courses in about 20 senior medical colleges,including senior nursing education of TCM,reformed the development of professional nursing courses of integrated Chinese and western medicine and the establishment of educational materials according to the course settings and educational work modes,so as to analyze the current status of nursing education of integrated Chinese and western medicine,determine course targets,and establish course system and educational work modes.

Formulation of Work-Study Combined and Result-Oriented Integrated Curriculum Standards

According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.

Comparison of Sulfur Dioxide Residue in Chinese Me-dicinal Materials by Titration-fluorescence Spectrome-try and Pharmacopoeia Method

With sulphur-fumigated Chinese medicinal materials （Fritillaria thunbergii , Isatis #utigotica , Asparagus cochinchinensis and Poria cocos ） as the test materials, sulfur dioxide or sulfite residue was determined by the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 edition） and titration-fluorescence spectrometry, respec- tively. The results showed that there were significant differences in measured value between titration-fluorescence spectrometry and phmmacopoeia method. The t result of titration-fluorescence spectrometry was much closer to the actual content of sulfur dioxide in Chinese medicinal materials. Thus, titration-fluo- rescence spectrometry had higher application value

Published papers about Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge as a Chinese medicinal material

Xu Cuihong, Shu Zhiming, Wang Yan, Miao Fang, Zhou ke. The accumulation rule of the main medicinal components in different organs of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2010, 21（09）： 2129-2132. Email： miaofangmf@ 163,com

An optimal medicinal and edible Chinese herbal formula attenuates particulate matter-induced lung injury through its anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis activities

Objective:Identifying novel strategies to prevent particulate matter(PM)-induced lung injury is crucial for the reduction of the morbidity of chronic respiratory diseases.The combined intervention represented by herbal formulae for simultaneously targeting multiple pathological processes can provide a more beneficial effect than the single intervention.The aim of this paper is therefore to design a safe and effective medicinal and edible Chinese herbs(MECHs)formula against PM-induced lung injury.Methods:PM-induced oxidative stress,inflammatory response and apoptosis A549 cell model were used to screen anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic MECHs,respectively.A network pharmacology method was utilized to rationally design a novel herbal formula.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was utilized to assess the quality control of MECHs formula.The excretion of magnetic iron oxide nanospheres of the MECHs formula was estimated in zebrafish.The MECH formula against PM-induced lung injury was investigated with mice experiments.Results:Five selected herbs were rationally designed to form a new MECH formula,including Citri Exocarpium Rubrum(Juhong),Lablab Semen Album(Baibiandou),Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu),Mori Folium(Sangye)and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(Yuzhu).The formula effectively promoted the magnetic iron oxide nanospheres excretion in zebrafish.The mid/high dose formula significantly prevented PM-induced lung damage in mice by enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px,reducing the MDA and ROS level and attenuating the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1βand TNFa),down regulating the protein expression of NF-κB,STAT3 and Caspase-3.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the effective MECHs formula will become a novel strategy for preventing PM-induced lung injury and provide a paradigm for the development of functional foods using MECHs.

Gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern Chinese medicine

isTraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a highly complex chemical substance system,which not only reflected in the complexity of the chemical components and their interrelationships,but also in the intricacy of the prescription’s connection with the human body.Component compatibility strategy has been proposed for developing modern TCM since 2005 and established comprehensive relevant technologies and research approaches.Moreover,to meet the safety and efficacy of current pharmaceuticals,research on fixed-dose combination drugs is directed by modern scientific theories,conforms to TCM compatibility principles and clarifies material basis and pharmacological mechanisms and component-effect correlations.This review summarized gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern TCM research and assessed their advantages and disadvantages in light of contemporary drug combination research practices.

Current status and innovation attempt of compiling textbooks of Chinese medicine in medical colleges in China

At present,there are two modes in the compilation of textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine,one is stuck in one's own way and the other is to copy Western medicine completely.The reason is that the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities are reduced into a hodger with no purpose,or the other is to cater to Western medicine system and give up the academic system of traditional Chinese medicine and lose the essence of traditional Chinese medicine.Through the"diagnosis and treatment strategy"and"knowledge link"of the new Chinese medicine textbooks,the author tries to make a breakthrough in the compilation,and puts forward the compilation ideas of rectifying the position of Chinese medicine textbooks,starting from the learning thinking of Western medicine students,and reflecting the characteristics of Chinese medicine and modern research results.

中药资源化学学科引领中药资源全产业链循环利用与绿色发展的创新与实践

中药资源化学学科的概念、内涵与外延、目标与任务等的提出及建设发展已20年。回顾20年的建设发展历程,围绕中药资源的科学生产与有效利用不断探索与创新实践,理论内涵进一步丰富,研究模式进一步完善,技术体系进一步拓展,形成了系列研究成果并得到推广应用,服务于中药资源产业的高质量发展,为中药资源全产业链提质增效与绿色发展做出了应有的贡献。然而,随着我国中医药产业的快速增长和产业链的不断拓展延伸,中药农业与中药工业生产过程产生的废弃物及副产物与日俱增,造成的资源浪费和环境污染已成为行业发展面临的新的重大问题。以中药资源全产业链循环利用与低碳绿色发展的模式建立与实例分析,以及中药资源循环利用生态产业示范园区创建为主线,展示近些年来取得的阶段性成效,以期为中药资源产业由线性经济模式向循环经济模式的低碳绿色转型提供示范和参考,为中药资源利用效率提升和新质生产力创造提供借鉴,为推动中药资源产业领域经济社会发展的低碳绿色提供助力。

药食同源药材与中国老年人认知损害关系的横断面研究

目的明确药食同源药材与老年人认知损害的关系,并探讨这种作用在各特征分层人群中的差异性。方法基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey,CLHLS)2018年的数据,采用二元Logistic回归分析药食同源药材与中国老年人认知损害的相关性;并按人口学、社会经济、健康及生活方式等特征分层后进行全调整模型亚组分析。结果共有10564名受访者纳入分析,相对于很少食用药食同源药材组,经常食用药食同源药材组可以降低认知风险28%(OR:0.72,95%CI:0.52~0.99)。亚组分析显示经常(几乎每天)食用药食同源药材,80岁以上、家庭高收入组、患有1种或多种心血管代谢和神经疾病、体重偏低或超重的老年人,可以分别降低认知损害风险30%(OR:0.70,95%CI:0.492~0.983)、57%(OR:0.43,95%CI:0.23~0.80)、46%(OR:0.54,95%CI:0.35~0.85)、67%(OR:0.33,95%CI:0.16~0.71)和64%(OR:0.36,95%CI:0.15~0.87)。结论老年人经常食用药食同源药材(人参、黄芪、当归、枸杞子)的一种或多种有可能降低认知损害的风险。80岁以上、家庭高收入组、患有心血管代谢及神经疾病、体重偏低或超重、居住在东部地区的老年人食用药食同源药材更有可能获益。应优先在我国东部地区,重点识别患有心血管代谢及神经疾病、体重偏低或超重的老年人,采用因地制宜的方案开展药食同源药材预防痴呆。

基于中药监管科学创新技术体系破解国家中药类产品集中带量采购难点

在国家推动药品集中带量采购(以下简称集采)工作常态化背景下,中成药大品种在全国范围内的集采已经落地开展,中药饮片的省际联合采购也正在进行,而未来中药配方颗粒纳入集采也是大势所趋。然而,中药不同于化学药品,其原料来源于天然资源,组成成分复杂、功效主治多样,是一个多功效、多组分的复杂体系,加之中药类产品生产过程复杂,产品质量良莠不齐,生产成本相差悬殊,如何在中药类产品集采中科学评价产品质量,体现优质优价,以及如何科学评估中药类产品的生产成本,制定合理的最高限价,都是中药集采工作执行中亟待解决的难点问题。针对上述难点,笔者提出基于中药监管科学体系,创新制定中药类产品质量等级标准以及构建全产业链溯源与供应保障平台,从而确保中药类产品集采保质、提级、稳供、高质量发展的新思路。

民国时期东北第一大药材集散地营口调查研究

全面收集清末、民国时期史志文献,民国出版图书、期刊、日报及日伪编纂汇编类文献,参考建国后出版文史资料中的口述文献,去伪存真,去粗取精,对民国时期东北地区起源最早、规模最大的中药材集散地营口发源、兴盛、凋敝、衰落之全过程加以调查研究;探究其成为东北第一大药材集散地的历史地理、交通、药材资源优势,重点讨论当地药材集散的种类、规模、变化规律和经营模式,了解其在民国独特社会进程和近代中医药学科发展影响下的时代特色,为尽可能全面客观认识民国中药产业史及民国药业探源溯流提供重要依据。

三种秦巴特色中药材的历史沿革与研究进展

秦巴地区特有的气候与水土环境使陕西成为中国生物多样性最丰富的省份之一。陕西自古就是重要的中药材适生区,有“天然药库”“秦地无闲草”等美誉,道地中药材有杜仲、秦艽、丹参和黄姜等。道地性的内核是自然环境与生态条件共同演化造就了中药材的性质与功效,为了从千年临床用药经验和研究中全面认识秦巴特色中药材,本研究通过古籍资料考证结合现代研究,选取不同种属3种秦巴特色中药材杜仲、秦艽和黄姜对采收加工、性味归经、炮制提取、化学成分、功效主治、新药研发进行了梳理归纳,探析道地性的物质基础,科学阐释其作用机制,为合理利用、科学开发秦巴特色中药材提供思路,为创新中国药的现代化研发提供源泉。

药食同源中药材中多环芳烃的污染溯源与风险评估

目的研究4种不同药用部位药食同源中药材中多环芳烃的污染现状、溯源解析与健康风险。方法采用固相分散萃取前处理技术联合高效液相色谱-紫外荧光串联检测器(HPLC-UV-FLD)同时在线检测技术,对中药材中4种不同药用部位进行污染检测、来源解析和健康风险评估。结果中药材中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)污染水平范围在ND~150.50μg/kg,芘(Pyr)的检出率最高(51.43%),其次为䓛(Chr,45.71%),苯并[a]芘在所有样品中均未检出。2~6环中,4环占比最高(41.22%~50.95%),其次为3环(22.23%~49.05%)和2环(ND~36.56%),5~6环均未检出。特征比率分析表明,石油、煤炭和生物质燃烧是药食同源中药材多环芳烃的主要来源。荧蒽(Flu)的致癌毒性贡献率最高(37.06%),其次为苯并[a]蒽(BaA,23.59%)。药食同源中药材终生致癌风险范围在2.90×10^(-8)~1.75×10^(-7),ILCR值小于10^(-6)。结论35种药食同源中药材中4种不同药用部位普遍存在PAHs污染,但其致癌风险可以忽略。