Advances in the Application of DNA Chip in Animal Medicine

Accompanying with the increasingly saturated genome figures,DNA chip has been widely applied.Thanks to its advantages of integration,miniaturization and automation,DNA chip becomes a powerful research tool in various research fields including biology,medicine and chemistry.This article overviews the application of DNA chip technology in animal medicine from gene expression spectrum research,pathogenic microbial detection,bacterial typing,genetic mutations and polymorphism detection,pathogenic microbial genomics research,as well as its principle and classification.

A Systematic Review of Animal and Clinical Studies on the Use of Scaffolds for Urethral Repair

Replacing urethral tissue with functional scaffolds has been one of the challenging problems in the field of urethra reconstruction or repair over the last several decades. Various scaffold materials have been used in animal studies, but clinical studies on use of scaffolds for urethral repair are scarce. The aim of this study was to review recent animal and clinical studies on the use of different scaffolds for urethral repair, and to evaluate these scaffolds based on the evidence from these studies. Pub Med and OVID databases were searched to identify relevant studies, in conjunction with further manual search. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated. Of 555 identified studies, 38 were included for analysis. It was found that in both animal and clinical studies, scaffolds seeded with cells were used for repair of large segmental defects of the urethra, such as in tubular urethroplasty. When the defect area was small, cell-free scaffolds were more likely to be applied. A lot of pre-clinical and limited clinical evidence showed that natural or artificial materials could be used as scaffolds for urethral repair. Urinary tissue engineering is still in the immature stage, and the safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness of the scaffolds are needed for further study.

Construction of Case Database for Postgraduate Course Aquatic Animal Pathogen Biology

As an application instructional course for Aquatic Animal Medicine(AAM),Aquatic Animal Pathogen Biology needs to be guided by a large number of examples and cases,but the current case database construction faces many urgent problems.In view of this,this paper analyzes the characteristics of professional education of AAM postgraduate students.With the goal of cultivating applied personnel that meet the requirements of the times,and the guiding ideology of strengthening the reform of the education model in colleges and universities,and improving the quantity and quality of personnel training,it builds a case database for the course Aquatic Animal Pathogen Biology in accordance with modern postgraduate teaching needs.

A Brief Analysis on Citation Forms of English Journal Titles in References of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Journals

In this paper,the problems of citation forms of English journal titles in references of animal science and veterinary medicine journals were described and analyzed. And the English names of animal science and veterinary medicine journals and corresponding abbreviations were listed for reference by authors.

Study on Case Library Construction of Inspection and Quarantine of Aquatic Animal

By making use of the technical advantages of Guangzhou Huibiao Testing Technology Center in the field of testing, the project analyzes the characteristics of undergraduate professional education in aquatic animal medicine, and intends to build a case library of Inspection and Quarantine of Aquatic Animal suitable for modern undergraduate teaching needs, with training applied talents to meet the requirements of the times as the goal, and strengthening the reform of college education mode and improving the quantity and quality of talent training as the guiding ideology.

Construction of Bilingual Teaching Mode of Aquatic Animal Bacteriology in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Aquatic Animal Bacteriology is a basic course of Aquatic Animal Medicine discipline.Bacteriology is not only a frontier subject in the field of life sciences,but also one of the most rapidly developing scientific fields today.The Belt and Road Initiative has brought opportunities and challenges to the upgrading and development of this discipline,so this discipline faces many problems that need to be solved.In view of this,this study combined the development trend of the discipline,reorganized and optimized the course content,and prepared sophisticated multimedia courseware,to stimulate students'learning initiative and enthusiasm,expand the field of professional knowledge,improve their English translation and writing skills,so as to lay a solid foundation for their future service to the Belt and Road Initiative.

Characterization of natural peptides in Pheretima by integrating proteogenomics and label-free peptidomics

Pheretima,also called“earthworms”,is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).However,its zoological origin is unclear,both in the herbal market and CPMs.In this study,a strategy for integrating in-house annotated protein databases constructed from close evolutionary relationship-sourced RNA sequencing data from public archival resources and various sequencing algorithms(restricted search,open search,and de novo)was developed to characterize the phenotype of natural peptides of three major commercial species of Pheretima,including Pheretima aspergillum(PA),Pheretima vulgaris(PV),and Metaphire magna(MM).We identified 10,477 natural peptides in the PA,7,451 in PV,and 5,896 in MM samples.Five specific signature peptides were screened and then validated using synthetic peptides;these demonstrated robust specificity for the authentication of PA,PV,and MM.Finally,all marker peptides were successfully applied to identify the zoological origins of Brain Heart capsules and Xiaohuoluo pills,revealing the inconsistent Pheretima species used in these CPMs.In conclusion,our integrated strategy could be used for the in-depth characterization of natural peptides of other animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines,especially non-model species with poorly annotated protein databases.

Stem cells:a promising candidate to treat neurological disorders

Neurologic impairments are usually irreversible as a result of limited regeneration in the central nervous system.Therefore,based on the regenerative capacity of stem cells,transplantation therapies of various stem cells have been tested in basic research and preclinical trials,and some have shown great prospects.This manuscript overviews the cellular and molecular characteristics of embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,neural stem cells,retinal stem/progenitor cells,mesenchymal stem/stromal cells,and their derivatives in vivo and in vitro as sources for regenerative therapy.These cells have all been considered as candidates to treat several major neurological disorders and diseases,owing to their self-renewal capacity,multi-directional differentiation,neurotrophic properties,and immune modulation effects.We also review representative basic research and recent clinical trials using stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson＇s disease,Alzheimer＇s disease,and age-related macular degeneration,as well as traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma.In spite of a few unsuccessful cases,risks of tumorigenicity,and ethical concerns,most results of animal experiments and clinical trials demonstrate efficacious therapeutic effects of stem cells in the treatment of nervous system disease.In summary,these emerging findings in regenerative medicine are likely to contribute to breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders.Thus,stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of nervous system diseases.

Evaluation of Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Aqueous Extract of Armadillidium vulgare Latreille

Objective： To assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of Armadillidium vulgare（AV）. Methods： The antinociceptive effect of AV（400, 600 and 800 mg/kg） was investigated in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced nociceptive, and hot plate tests. Phlogogen-induced paw edema using carrageenan, dextran, or compound 48/80 as phlogogen was used as inflammatory models to evaluate AV＇s anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the bioactive substances glucosamine（GLc N） and taurine in AV were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results： Oral treatment of the mice with AV（600 and 800 mg/kg） significantly reduced the number of writhes in the acetic acid-induced writhing test（P〈0.01） but not the hot plate test（P〉0.05）. All doses tested significantly inhibited paw-withdrawal during the second phase of the formalin-induced nociceptive model（P〈0.01）. AV demonstrated a strong anti-inflammatory effect in all those inflammatory models（P〈0.05）. Conclusions： AV has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, providing scientific evidence of the efficacy of its traditional use in pain treatment. Furthermore, GLc N and taurine contribute, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory activity of AV.