The Reality and Application of Yin and Yang

Ancient Chinese philosophers discovered Yin and Yang and the laws of Yin and Yang movement during their exploration and practice of nature more than two thousand years ago, and applied them to life, science, philosophy and medicine, playing an important role in the achievement of ancient Chinese civilization. Through historical changes, yin and yang have gradually been regarded as a concept or theory, thus making it difficult for people to understand the connotation of Yin-Yang and make new discoveries and progress. Nowadays, many scholars in China and the West are interested in studying the treasures of ancient Chinese civilization. We illustrate the actual function of Yin and Yang by explaining the essential state of matter, the law of physical movement, the transformation of energy, and then illustrate the practical application in life and science. In conclusion, yin-yang is a key to unlocking the treasures of traditional Chinese civilization, which can help to bring into play its original values, and continue to provide new insights and directions for the development of modern science and the advancement of humanities.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Diseases Based on Sixty JiaZi and Eight Palaces <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (V)

Theory of Sixty JiaZi (60 甲子) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten lucky avoids disaster” (顺势而为, 趋吉避凶). Sixty JiaZi is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human body is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.

Assessment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on the Theory of Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine

The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by yin and yang.The current technologies used in Western medicine for detecting ankylosing spondylitis is summarized,divided,and reasoned with the philosophical views of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Disease Based on Eight Palaces or Eight Veins <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (IV)

Theory of eight palaces (八宫) or eight veins (八脉) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (江山易改, 本性难移). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as a congenital heart disease.

Analogous Systems Principles and Concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Congruence Couple Therapy

This article explicates the analogous principles and concepts between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and congruence couple therapy(CCT).Although originating out of vastly different times and places,TCM and CCT share a view of health based on systems understanding to facilitate the interconnections of the parts of an organism rather than focusing on eliminating symptoms.Both approaches aim to release Qi(气)and vitality by removing blockages through adjusting the interactions,adaptation,and balance of multiple elements and Yin‑Yang energies.The goal is to liberate the Qi or life force through improved holistic balance and cooperation.While TCM focuses on interventions at the level of the body,CCT focuses on the attention,awareness,acknowledgement,and alignment of the four human dimensions consisting of the intrapsychic,interpersonal,intergenerational,and universal‑spiritual.In light of the current trend toward increasing mental,substance use,and neurological disorders,in particular among countries of middle and low income,dialogue to explore these compatibilities between TCM and CCT is conducive to the continuous evolution of TCM and Western therapies to address not only physical health but also the exigencies of contemporary addiction and mental health care within a mind–body relationship matrix.

扶阳健脾汤-滋阴养胃汤顺势给药和逆势给药对健康大鼠生理指标的影响

目的通过顺势和逆势给药大鼠扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的研究来进一步验证中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论,以及评价扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的亚急性毒性。方法选取无特定病原体级SD大鼠48只,雌雄各半,按性别、体质量(空腹)排序,采用计算机随机法分为顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组和对照组,每组12只。对顺势饲喂组大鼠早上给予滋阴养胃汤颗粒制剂溶液,下午给予扶阳健脾汤颗粒制剂溶液灌胃,逆势饲喂组大鼠给药顺序与顺势饲喂组相反;阴阳合药饲喂组大鼠给予扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤合药颗粒制剂混合溶液灌胃,分早晚两次给药;给予对照组早晚灌胃等量超纯水,四组大鼠均每周给药5 d,共给药7周。分别于饲喂第1天、第10天、第20天、第30天、第45天时观察各级大鼠的皮肤毛发、行为状态、兴奋程度、激怒反应、睡眠状态、大便状态。分别于饲喂后第1周、第3周、第5周、第7周的周一、三、五测定大鼠采食量和体质量,饲喂7周后检测大鼠血液常规和血生化指标,计算脏器系数。结果饲喂第3周、第5周、第7周,顺势饲喂组日均采食量明显低于对照组;饲喂第5周、第7周,逆势饲喂组体质量明显高于对照组;饲喂7周后,顺势饲喂组和逆势饲喂组的心脏脏器系数明显低于对照组,而顺势饲喂组的脾脏脏器系数明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组单核细胞计数明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的甘油三酯明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组的血清总胆固醇明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的空腹血糖明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的肌酐明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的白蛋白明显高于对照组。结论顺势给药、逆势给药、混合给药可引起大鼠空腹血糖降低,肌酐增高;此外,顺势给药还可引起大鼠心脏脏器系数、单核细胞计数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇降低,脾脏脏器系数、白蛋白增高,表明顺势给药会促进大鼠的气血运行,有利于减少食物的摄入以及促进大鼠代谢体内的碳水化合物和蛋白质的代谢,从而进一步验证了中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论。

吕晓东论治肺结节经验撷菁

总结吕晓东教授运用中医药治疗肺结节的临床经验和学术思想。吕晓东教授基于阳化气,阴成形的两个基本生理功能观,考察肺结节的发生、发展的病理环节,认为肺结节形成之机理复杂,病因纷繁,为阴分邪气积聚为肺,但病性基础变化总体以阳虚为关键,病理以气滞痰瘀胶着于肺络为核心。在肺络病的指导原则下,运用扶阳抑阴、通补肺络的手段,恢复阳主阴从,一气周流,肺络调和的生理状态,从而调复肺脏的异常功能状态、消弭肺结节的病理改变,恢复身心健康的目的,临床每获良效,具有推广应用的价值。

中药滋阴补阳方剂治疗肾气亏虚型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症对患者超声动态多参数的影响评价

目的评价中药滋阴补阳方剂治疗肾气亏虚型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症对患者超声动态多参数的影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月江西省妇幼保健院收治的80例肾气亏虚型多囊卵巢综合征患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字法将其分为观察组(40例)与对照组(40例)。对照组采用枸橼酸氯米芬片治疗,观察组在对照组方法的基础上联合中药滋阴补阳方剂治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果、卵泡发育情况、激素水平、子宫动脉血流灌注情况及子宫内膜厚度。结果观察组的有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的卵泡及优势卵泡数目多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)均低于对照组,雌二醇(E2)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的子宫内膜厚度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将中药滋阴补阳方剂应用于肾气亏虚型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者治疗中,可积极改善患者的激素水平及子宫动脉血流灌注情况,同时能够促进卵泡发育,增加子宫内膜厚度,改善症状,值得推广。

基于阴平阳秘理论探讨中药干预自噬与骨质疏松的关系

骨质疏松是老年健康的极大威胁,其病理主要是骨密度降低,骨髓成骨细胞减少,破骨细胞骨吸收加剧,二者平衡打破,导致皮质骨胶原形成减少,松质骨丢失加快。自噬存在于所有真核生物的活动之中,对于骨重建平衡的维持起着重要作用。中医治疗骨质疏松前景良好,阴平阳秘是指阴阳平衡的一种状态,是中医整体观的体现。自噬在骨质疏松中体现着阴平阳秘,基于阴平阳秘探究药物干预骨质疏松中的细胞自噬,对中医药发展有重要价值。

瑞格列奈片联合加味肾气丸治疗阴阳两虚型2型糖尿病临床观察

目的分析瑞格列奈片联合加味肾气丸对2型糖尿病阴阳两虚型患者的治疗效果。方法纳入2020年10月—2021年10月山东省枣庄市薛城区人民医院100例阴阳两虚型2型糖尿病患者进行探究,以单双号方式分两组,对照组使用常规治疗和瑞格列奈片治疗,观察组在此基础上联合加味肾气丸。通过症状积分观察两组疗效,并对比其血糖和临床指标。结果治疗后,观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白数据低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血清视黄醇结合蛋白4、白细胞介素-6、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶数据均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的主要症状、次要症状积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论瑞格列奈片联合加味肾气丸治疗阴阳两虚型2型糖尿病患者,可以减轻炎性反应,提升抗氧化、抗纤维化能力,并能够减轻患者症状,对于控制并发症、延缓病情进展有着积极作用,值得推广。

中医药从“阴阳失调”理论调控cAMP/PKA信号通路治疗注意缺陷多动障碍的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)难控制、易反复,严重损害儿童运动、情绪及学习生活。ADHD发病机制不明,涉及神经递质传递、神经炎症及氧化应激等,病机本质责之于“阴阳失调”。环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)信号通路的激活可诱导一系列蛋白底物磷酸化而参与运动及学习记忆的形成,并能促进神经递质合成,抑制促炎因子和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的释放而改善ADHD的核心症状,且该通路失调所导致的能量代谢障碍、神经冲动传递异常与中医“阴阳失调”理论不谋而合。中医药通过干预cAMP/PKA信号通路恢复阴阳平衡对儿童ADHD的防治发挥了重要作用,并有效解决了精神类药品在儿童中使用受限的问题。基于ADHD中医药研究的日益增多,本文阐述了cAMP/PKA信号通路的结构、传导及其与ADHD机制、中医病机及辨证分型的关系,归纳了中药复方、单体及单味中药干预cAMP/PKA信号通路治疗ADHD的研究现状,旨在为ADHD的中药药理学研究提供依据,丰富ADHD“阴阳失调”的中医理论内涵,为ADHD的防治提供新见解、新方向。

基于“中医阴阳学说”探讨反应性星型胶质细胞A1/A2表型与阿尔茨海默病的关系

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,主要临床表现为认知和记忆障碍,发病机制异常复杂,涉及多种因素,防治不当,将给家庭和社会带来巨大负担。星形胶质细胞(AS)是中枢神经系统(CNS)中最丰富的一类神经胶质细胞,在AD的发生发展中扮演重要角色。在CNS受损后,AS被激活并改变其细胞特性,形成反应性星形胶质细胞(RAs),其表型可变为A1型AS(A1S)与A2型AS(A2S),两者在功能上分别表现为神经毒性与神经保护性。中医阴阳学说贯穿中医学的各个方面,用以解释人体生理和病理的变化,以及指导疾病的诊断、治疗和保健。A1S与A2S在功能上表现出双重特性,与中医阴阳学说有相似之处。因此,通过“抑阳扶阴”的方式,调整机体的“阴阳”平衡,有望抑制A1S的“阳性”作用,促进A2S的“阴性”作用,从而达到预防和治疗AD的目的。将中医阴阳学说与西医学相结合,不但有助于丰富中医阴阳理论的现代内涵,而且通过中医阴阳学说解读AS表型的变化,为中医药在防治AD方面提供新的靶点和思路。

彭培初运用对药及角药治疗晚期前列腺癌经验集萃

前列腺癌是男性泌尿生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,以正气亏虚、阴阳失衡为病机核心,癌毒内生为发病关键。彭培初教授总结晚期前列腺癌“阴阳两虚、脾肾不足、寒湿凝滞、癌毒蕴积”的病机规律,治疗上重视调节肺、脾、肾,主张虚实兼顾、寒温并用以使阴阳平衡,正气化生,并形成了一系列对药和角药的配伍,起到了协同增效的作用。

丘余良以平为期思想治疗狼疮性肾炎经验

狼疮性肾炎是系统性红斑狼疮的严重并发症。丘余良主任认为“以平为期”是治疗狼疮性肾炎的关键。西医治疗以糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂为主,但需要注意调整用药剂量及用药方案;中医应针对阴阳失衡的主要病机,以平调阴阳、清热解毒、祛湿化瘀、补益脏腑为主。此文对丘余良主任医师以平为期,中西医结合治疗狼疮性肾炎的经验进行总结,并探讨阴阳平衡及免疫平衡在治疗中的重要性。

王珂名老中医基于“天癸理论”论治痤疮经验

痤疮是一种较常见且易反复发作的皮肤病,王珂教授对治疗痤疮有其独到的认识和治疗经验,提出对痤疮病机认识应从“天癸理论”出发,结合后天脾胃易损,认为天癸失衡,肾中阴阳失调是痤疮产生的内在因素;后天脾胃易损、冲任二脉失司、脾虚生湿、湿郁化热、阻滞局部导致发病;病后气机不畅,痰瘀阻络,瘢痕色素形成。在治疗上以补天癸,调阴阳治其根,清热利湿、调和局部气血除其标,提倡固本兼除标,临床中常用滋肾、清热、凉血、行气之法治之,常收良效。

基于自噬调控探讨平衡阴阳治疗慢性肾脏病理论创新和临床实践

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)是由各种原因引起的以肾脏结构损害和功能障碍为主要表现的慢性疾病,其进展呈进行性、不可逆性。自噬是清除衰老细胞和受损的胞质蛋白的自稳机制,自噬失调则会加速肾脏病的进展,这与中医阴阳平衡理论有着相似的内涵。因此,自噬可能是CKD中阴阳平衡的微观基础。CKD初期,自噬水平尚稳定,宜选方用药遵循调和;中后期肾中自噬水平异常,络脉不和,当调和肾络、心肾平调。当前研究已证实一些中药成分及复方制剂可以通过调节自噬保护肾脏,自噬不足时,当“益火之源”,选用性味辛温、苦寒的温阳益气、活血泄浊之品提升自噬水平、加快代谢效率,维持细胞更新与凋亡的平衡;自噬过度时,应“壮水之主”,选用酸甘、苦咸之品等益肾填精、补血祛瘀之品降低自噬水平,通过“滋补”或“去瘀生新”的方式避免细胞凋亡与损伤,从而延缓CKD进展。

老年高血压性脑小血管病患者的血压特点及与中医证型的相关性

【目的】探讨老年高血压性脑小血管病患者的血压特点及其与中医证型的相关性。【方法】采用回顾性分析方法,纳入老年原发性高血压患者189例,根据是否患有脑小血管病将患者分为脑小血管病组87例和非脑小血管病组102例。收集2组患者的血压相关检查参数及中医临床四诊资料,运用统计学方法分析血压特点及其与中医证型之间的相关性。【结果】(1)动态血压参数:脑小血管病组患者的24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、日间平均收缩压(DSBP)、日间平均舒张压(DDBP)、夜间平均收缩压(NSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(NDBP)、24 h平均脉压(24hPP)、日间平均脉压(DPP)、夜间平均脉压(NPP)、最高收缩压、清晨收缩压、日间收缩压负荷值及夜间收缩压负荷值的平均值均高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01)。(2)血压变异性:脑小血管病组患者的夜间收缩压标准差(NSSD)平均值高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01)。(3)血压昼夜节律:2组患者的动态血压昼夜节律比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,非脑小血管病组以非杓型(50例,49.02%)和杓型(31例,30.39%)为主,而脑小血管病组以非杓型(38例,43.68%)和超杓型(31例,35.63%)为主。(4)Logistic回归分析结果显示:24hSBP(OR=1.296,95%CI:1.112~1.511)、最高收缩压(OR=1.074,95%CI:1.006~1.146)、清晨收缩压(OR=1.064,95%CI:1.013~1.118)、异常血压昼夜节律(OR=3.736,95%CI:1.663~8.390)是脑小血管病的相关影响因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(5)中医证型分布:非脑小血管病组以痰湿壅盛证(58.82%)、阴虚阳亢证(21.57%)为主,脑小血管病组以阴虚阳亢证(51.72%)、痰湿壅盛证(21.84%)为主。(6)不同证型的血压特点:痰湿壅盛证脑小血管病组的DPP显著高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01),阴虚阳亢证脑小血管病组的24hDBP、NDBP显著高于非脑小血管病组(P<0.01)。【结论】24hSBP、最高收缩压、清晨收缩压水平升高以及异常血压昼夜节律可能是导致老年高血压性脑小血管病发病的重要危险因素。痰湿壅盛型老年高血压患者更应关注日间平均脉压水平,阴虚阳亢型老年高血压患者更应注重舒张压水平的监测。老年高血压患者应动态观察血压各项相关指标,早期有效调控血压有助于脑小血管病的防治。