Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimyco- bacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strai...Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimyco- bacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strain U32 comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes ever sequenced so far. Unlike the linear topology found in streptomycetes, this chromosome is circular, particularly similar to that of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and Nocardia farcinica, representing their close relationship in phylogeny and taxonomy. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shared the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it was unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than N. farcinica, indicating the distinct metabolic characteristics evolved via adaptation to diverse ecological niches. Besides a core region analogous to that common in streptomycetes, a novel ＇quasicore＇ with typical core characteristics is defined within the non-core region, where 21 out of the total 26 gene clusters for secondary metabolite production are located. The rifamycin biosynthesis gene cluster located in the core encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme essential for the conversion of rifamycin SV to B, revealed by comparing to the highly homologous cluster of the rifamycin B-producing strain S699 and further confirmed by genetic complementation. The genomic information of A. mediterranei demonstrates a metabolic network orchestrated not only for extensive utilization of various carbon sources and inorganic nitrogen compounds but also for effective funneling of metabolic intermediates into the secondary antibiotic synthesis process under the control of a seemingly complex regulatory mechanism.展开更多
Study of the effect of dissolved oxygen and shear stress on rifamycin B fermentation with A. mediterranei XC 9-25 showed that rifamycin B fermentation with Amycolatoposis mediterranei XC 9-25 needs high dissolved oxyg...Study of the effect of dissolved oxygen and shear stress on rifamycin B fermentation with A. mediterranei XC 9-25 showed that rifamycin B fermentation with Amycolatoposis mediterranei XC 9-25 needs high dissolved oxygen and is not very sensitive to shearing stress. The scale-up ofrifamycin B fermentation withA, mediterranei XC 9-25 from a shaking flask to a 15 L fermentor was realized by controlling the dissolved oxygen to above 25% of saturation in the fermentation process, and the potency of rifamycin B fermentation in the 15 L fermentor reached 10 g/L after 6-day batch fermentation. By continuously feeding glucose and ammonia in the fermentation process, the potency of rifamycin B fermentaion in the 15 L fermentor reached 18.67 g/L, which was 86.65% higher than that of batch fermentation. Based on the scale-up principle of constantly aerated agitation power per unit volume, the scale-up of rifamycin B fed-batch fermentation with continuous feed from a 15 L fermentor to a 7 m^3 fermentor and further to a 60 m^3 fermentor was realized successfully. The potency of rifamycin B fermentation in the 7 m^3 fermentor and in the 60 m^3 fermentor reached 17.25 g/L and 19.11 g/L, respectively.展开更多
利福霉素发酵过程中pH变化规律能够反映菌体对不同营养物质的利用情况及菌体生理特性的变化,并与最终放瓶效价有一定的关联。据此建立了一种以发酵前期(±50 h)pH变化为判断依据的新的快速筛选菌种的方法,即发酵前期pH下降到谷底较...利福霉素发酵过程中pH变化规律能够反映菌体对不同营养物质的利用情况及菌体生理特性的变化,并与最终放瓶效价有一定的关联。据此建立了一种以发酵前期(±50 h)pH变化为判断依据的新的快速筛选菌种的方法,即发酵前期pH下降到谷底较早的菌株高产的可能性很大(概率接近70%),并在双亲株灭活种间融合法选育利福霉素SV菌株中进行了应用,筛选到了高产融合菌株F-3及F-16,两菌株分别比出发菌株效价提高了11%和17%。同时,得到了两个亲株(利福霉素SV产生菌U-32、利福霉素B产生菌X#-1)的酶解条件(U-32:10 m g/mL、34°C、2 h;X#-1:10 m g/mL、34°C、3 h)及原生质体双灭活标记条件(U-32:UV 20 m in;X#-1:60°C、50 m in),双灭活原生质体用500 g/L PEG融合,融合频率约1.04×10-5。展开更多
基金This paper is dedicated to the late Professor JS Chiao, who initiated the research in China for rifamycin production employing A. mediterranei more than 30 years ago and who continued the endeavor to resolve the mechanism of the ＇nitrate stimulating effect＇ up to the last breath of his life. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30830002）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2007AA021301, 2007AA021503）, and the Research Unit Fund of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences （7103506）.
文摘Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimyco- bacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strain U32 comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes ever sequenced so far. Unlike the linear topology found in streptomycetes, this chromosome is circular, particularly similar to that of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and Nocardia farcinica, representing their close relationship in phylogeny and taxonomy. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shared the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it was unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than N. farcinica, indicating the distinct metabolic characteristics evolved via adaptation to diverse ecological niches. Besides a core region analogous to that common in streptomycetes, a novel ＇quasicore＇ with typical core characteristics is defined within the non-core region, where 21 out of the total 26 gene clusters for secondary metabolite production are located. The rifamycin biosynthesis gene cluster located in the core encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme essential for the conversion of rifamycin SV to B, revealed by comparing to the highly homologous cluster of the rifamycin B-producing strain S699 and further confirmed by genetic complementation. The genomic information of A. mediterranei demonstrates a metabolic network orchestrated not only for extensive utilization of various carbon sources and inorganic nitrogen compounds but also for effective funneling of metabolic intermediates into the secondary antibiotic synthesis process under the control of a seemingly complex regulatory mechanism.
文摘Study of the effect of dissolved oxygen and shear stress on rifamycin B fermentation with A. mediterranei XC 9-25 showed that rifamycin B fermentation with Amycolatoposis mediterranei XC 9-25 needs high dissolved oxygen and is not very sensitive to shearing stress. The scale-up ofrifamycin B fermentation withA, mediterranei XC 9-25 from a shaking flask to a 15 L fermentor was realized by controlling the dissolved oxygen to above 25% of saturation in the fermentation process, and the potency of rifamycin B fermentation in the 15 L fermentor reached 10 g/L after 6-day batch fermentation. By continuously feeding glucose and ammonia in the fermentation process, the potency of rifamycin B fermentaion in the 15 L fermentor reached 18.67 g/L, which was 86.65% higher than that of batch fermentation. Based on the scale-up principle of constantly aerated agitation power per unit volume, the scale-up of rifamycin B fed-batch fermentation with continuous feed from a 15 L fermentor to a 7 m^3 fermentor and further to a 60 m^3 fermentor was realized successfully. The potency of rifamycin B fermentation in the 7 m^3 fermentor and in the 60 m^3 fermentor reached 17.25 g/L and 19.11 g/L, respectively.
文摘利福霉素发酵过程中pH变化规律能够反映菌体对不同营养物质的利用情况及菌体生理特性的变化,并与最终放瓶效价有一定的关联。据此建立了一种以发酵前期(±50 h)pH变化为判断依据的新的快速筛选菌种的方法,即发酵前期pH下降到谷底较早的菌株高产的可能性很大(概率接近70%),并在双亲株灭活种间融合法选育利福霉素SV菌株中进行了应用,筛选到了高产融合菌株F-3及F-16,两菌株分别比出发菌株效价提高了11%和17%。同时,得到了两个亲株(利福霉素SV产生菌U-32、利福霉素B产生菌X#-1)的酶解条件(U-32:10 m g/mL、34°C、2 h;X#-1:10 m g/mL、34°C、3 h)及原生质体双灭活标记条件(U-32:UV 20 m in;X#-1:60°C、50 m in),双灭活原生质体用500 g/L PEG融合,融合频率约1.04×10-5。
