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Assessing Factors Influencing Solar Energy Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises in Mzuzu City, Malawi
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作者 Mkhalipie Avenea Beatrice Ke Jiang 《Energy and Power Engineering》 2024年第7期257-284,共28页
One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers... One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers, such as installation costs, have prevented small and medium-sized enterprises from investigating this invention. Malawi has a significant energy shortfall such that most businesses have been hindered from their profit maximization goals. The “Photovoltaic systems” (PV) that transform sunlight into electricity are the subject of this study. This type of solar energy system is situated on the building’s roof and generally produces electricity for businesses and even homes. Solar energy offers a great impact to small and medium enterprises in Mzuzu city with a cost-effective and dependable alternative to energy that has the potential to change the game. Therefore the aim of the study was to identify factors that encourage the adoption of solar energy among small medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu city. And to identify some of barriers faced when adopting solar energy among small and medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu. The research approach employed in the study was a survey. A survey is a type of research methodology in which primary data is gathered from a sample using a questionnaire. When information is to be gathered from a wider sample, a survey is employed. A bigger sample size was needed in this study in order to facilitate hypothesis testing. It is advised to apply a logical approach while using the survey. The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale. The study used convenience sampling to select study participants. The sample size in this study was determined using Cochran’s sample size formula. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. About 97.2% of the participants were aware of solar as a source of energy compared to 2.8 % who were unaware. The majority of participants use solar energy for lighting only, seconded by those who use electricity. The least number of participants use solar energy for cooling only. The majority of participants 21.5% indicated partnership and collaboration as the most motivating factor for the adoption of solar energy. This was followed by technical expertise 19.1 % the least number of participants 10.8% expressed that policy and regulatory frameworks were associated with the adoption of solar energy. This study found that there are no statistically significant factors influencing barriers to the adoption of solar energy. The price of solar energy adoption was identified as the least factor associated with the acceptance or rejection of solar energy. Nonetheless, the reasons given by the homes that had embraced solar technology aligned with the findings of other studies. This survey also found that although the public was aware of solar energy, and technology, there were still a number of factors that mattered, especially for non-adopters. 展开更多
关键词 Solar Energy Small and medium enterprises Solar Energy Adoption
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Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regulation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory
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作者 Shuang Zhao Hongbin Gu +2 位作者 Lianfang Xue Dongsheng Wang Bin Huang 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 CAS 2024年第7期538-556,共20页
The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of trea... The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed. 展开更多
关键词 Optimal Control Theory Small and medium-Sized enterprises Water Environment Regulation Contract Mechanism
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A Model of Cloud-Based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for Small and Medium Enterprise
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作者 Mohammad Jahangir Alam Shoman Das Sharma Tanjia Chowdhury 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2024年第10期37-50,共14页
Cloud Computing is an uprising technology in the rapid growing IT world. The adaptation of cloud computing is increasing in very large scale business organizations to small institutions rapidly due to many advanced fe... Cloud Computing is an uprising technology in the rapid growing IT world. The adaptation of cloud computing is increasing in very large scale business organizations to small institutions rapidly due to many advanced features of cloud computing, such as SaaS, PaaS and IaaS service models. So, nowadays, many organizations are trying to implement Cloud Computing based ERP system to enjoy the benefits of cloud computing. To implement any ERP system, an organization usually faces many challenges. As a result, this research has introduced how easily this cloud system can be implemented in an organization. By using this ERP system, an organization can be benefited in many ways;especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can enjoy the highest possible benefits from this system. 展开更多
关键词 Cloud Computing Cloud Comparison Cloud Models enterprise Resource planning (ERP) Small and medium enterprise (SME)
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The Thinking of Financing under Dual Economies Character In Medium & Small Enterprises
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作者 王维佳 鞠丽丽 《海外英语》 2011年第11X期366-369,共4页
In China,the dual economies show prominence in financial field.It leads to the serious dual credit ration and becomes one of the main cause which makes financing in medium & small sized enterprises becomes harder ... In China,the dual economies show prominence in financial field.It leads to the serious dual credit ration and becomes one of the main cause which makes financing in medium & small sized enterprises becomes harder and harder.On basis of this situation,we theoretically pose that we can alleviate the difficulty through the dual cooperation of financial control and the deepening of finance. 展开更多
关键词 Dual ECONOMIES CHARACTER medium & Small Sized enterprises FINANCING
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Assessment for Production and Operation Ability of Medium and Small-sized Enterprises Based on Neural Network 被引量:3
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作者 WANG Yu-hong XU Jun +1 位作者 WANG Guan ZENG Qi 《Journal of China University of Mining and Technology》 EI 2006年第3期376-380,共5页
In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was establi... In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was established based on BP neural network. The conjunction weights of the neural network were continuously modified from output layer to input layer in the process of neural network training to reduce the errors between the anticipated and actual outputs. The results from an example show that this method is reliable and feasible. The production and operation abilitv of an enterorise with assessed result of 0.833 is fairly oowerful, and that with assessed result of 0.644 is average. 展开更多
关键词 medium and small-sized enterprises production and operation ability BP neural network ASSESSMENT
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Fuzzy integral based measurement and assessment of medium and small enterprises'product innovation 被引量:1
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作者 毕克新 张铁柱 +1 位作者 孙金花 冯英浚 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2003年第3期278-283,共6页
A fuzzy integral based way of measurement assessment has been established by using linguistic varia-bles and combining fuzzy integral with hierarchy analysis for measurement of medium and small enterprises'product... A fuzzy integral based way of measurement assessment has been established by using linguistic varia-bles and combining fuzzy integral with hierarchy analysis for measurement of medium and small enterprises'product innovation. The conclusions drawn from analyses made with 20 medium and small enterprises providebases for governments to formulate applicable policies and for medium and small enterprises to enhance theirproduct innovation. 展开更多
关键词 medium and small enterprises (MSE) product innovation measurement and assessment fuzzy integral
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Digital Transformation of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Production Manufacturing 被引量:2
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作者 Manel Koumas Paul-Eric Dossou Jean-Yves Didier 《Journal of Software Engineering and Applications》 2021年第12期607-630,共24页
Industry 4.0 concepts have brought about a wind of renewal in the organization of companies and their production methods. However, this integration is subject to obstacles when it comes to Small and Medium sized Enter... Industry 4.0 concepts have brought about a wind of renewal in the organization of companies and their production methods. However, this integration is subject to obstacles when it comes to Small and Medium sized Enterprises—SMEs: the costs of new technologies to be acquired, the level of maturity of the company regarding its level of digitization and automation, human aspects such as training employees to master new technologies, reluctance to change, etc. This article provides a new framework and presents an intelligent support system to facilitate the digital transformation of SMEs. The digitalization is realized through physical, informational, and decisional points of view. To achieve the complete transformation of the company, the framework combines the triptych of performance criteria (cost, quality, time) with the notions of sustainability (with respect to social, societal, and environmental aspects) and digitization through tools to be integrated into the company’s processes. The new framework encompasses the formalisms developed in the literature on Industry 4.0 concepts, information systems and organizational methods as well as a global structure to support and assist operators in managing their operations. In the form of a web application, it will exploit reliable data obtained through information systems such as Enterprise Resources Planning—ERP, Manufacturing Execution System—MES, or Warehouse Management System—WMS and new technologies such as artificial intelligence (deep learning, multi-agent systems, expert systems), big data, Internet of things (IoT) that communicate with each other to assist operators during production processes. To illustrate and validate the concepts and developed tools, use cases of an electronic manufacturing SME have been solved with these concepts and tools, in order to succeed in this company’s digital transformation. Thus, a reference model of the electronics manufacturing companies is being developed for facilitating the future digital transformation of these domain companies. The realization of these use cases and the new reference model are growing up and their future exploitation will be presented as soon as possible. 展开更多
关键词 Industry 4.0 Small and medium enterprises Human-Machine Interface Cyber-Physical System Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things Information Systems Advanced Robotics Lean Manufacturing DMAIC
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Mechanism of Interaction between Entrepreneurial Spirit and Growth of Small and Medium Sized Private Enterprises
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作者 Peng XIE 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2016年第6期34-39,共6页
In the context of government appeal of " mass entrepreneurship and innovation",all areas launched the movement of " mass entrepreneurship" and " grassroots entrepreneurship". As parts of ... In the context of government appeal of " mass entrepreneurship and innovation",all areas launched the movement of " mass entrepreneurship" and " grassroots entrepreneurship". As parts of vitality of China's market economy,small and medium sized private enterprises become grassroots of market competition in talents,funds,and technologies. This paper combined three levels of entrepreneurial spirit and small and medium sized private enterprises,studied acting mechanism of entrepreneurial spirit,discussed competitive power of small and medium sized private enterprises,and recommended that small and medium sized private enterprises should cultivate core competitive power,adapt to external environment,and create external environment support,to realize sound development. 展开更多
关键词 ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT Small and medium sized PRIVATE enterprises enterprisE GROWTH
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STUDY ON MEASURE OF TECHNICAL INNOVATION ABILITY IN MEDIUM AND SMALL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
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作者 BiKexin DingXiaohui +1 位作者 ZhangTiezhu FengYingjun 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2004年第1期40-45,共6页
Measure index system of technical innovation in medium and smallmanufacturing enterprises is established according to principles of exploration, adaptability,standardization, generalization, feasibility, comparability... Measure index system of technical innovation in medium and smallmanufacturing enterprises is established according to principles of exploration, adaptability,standardization, generalization, feasibility, comparability and combination of economic benefit andcontinual development. It includes index of technical innovation capacity, informationaladministration on technical innovation, and investment of technical innovation, economic benefit,green technical level, social contribution and other influential indexes. Approach to measure oftechnical innovation in medium and small manufacturing enterprises is presented based on combinationof grey relation and fuzzy hiberarchy analysis, and conclusions are drawn based on practicalanalysis of 20 medium and small enterprises, which provides the basis for the medium and smallenterprises to select technical innovation policies and the government to constitute relativepolicies. 展开更多
关键词 medium and small manufacturing enterprises Technical innovation ability Measure Grey relation Fuzzy hierarchy analysis
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Commercial Banks Responses toward Small and Medium Enterprises Survival in the Context of the COVID-19 in Africa 被引量:1
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作者 Annstellah Gakii Karoli Kolokonyi Romano Miceni 《Journal of Sustainable Business and Economics》 2022年第3期12-17,共6页
The African government has implemented measures to sustain an investable economic downturn as it navigates the fiscal effect of the viral spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Consequently,commercial banks in A... The African government has implemented measures to sustain an investable economic downturn as it navigates the fiscal effect of the viral spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Consequently,commercial banks in Africa have come hand in hand toward support of SMEs activities by increasing their borrowing power and reducing interest rates.Despite all these measures the general performance of small and medium enterprises(SMEs)across Africa as pertains to revenues and profits has gone down.This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the measures undertaken by commercial banks to ensure proper running and continuity of activities in the SMEs sector in Africa.The research is founded on the theories of innovation diffusion and resource-based theory.This study will use a mixed research design,which will include descriptive and explanatory research.The proposed target population will be Africa’s thriving commercial banks.The primary and secondary data will be used from commercial bank reports and the central bureau of statistics reports across Africa.The data will be analyzed using a multiple linear regression model.The finding indicated that commercial banks in Africa have brought in solutions and measures to adapt to the crisis being implicated on the SMEs by the COVID-19 pandemic.Based on the findings of the desktop reviews,the study concludes that commercial banks have a significant influence on SMEs during this period of COVID-19,and with the assistance of the government,they have implemented more policies to support the activities of SMEs. 展开更多
关键词 AFRICA COVID-19 Commercial banks Small and medium enterprises
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A Novel Lifecycle Model for Web-based Application Development in Small and Medium Enterprises 被引量:1
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作者 Wei Huang Ru Li +3 位作者 Carsten Maple Hong-Ji Yang David Foskett Vince Cleaver 《International Journal of Automation and computing》 EI 2010年第3期389-398,共10页
Software engineering's lifecycle models havc proven to be very important for traditional software development. However, can these models be applied to the development of Web-based applications as well? In recent yea... Software engineering's lifecycle models havc proven to be very important for traditional software development. However, can these models be applied to the development of Web-based applications as well? In recent years, Web-based applications have become more and more complicated and a lot of efforts have been placed on introducing new technologies such as J2EE, PhP, and .NET, etc., which have been universally accepted as the development technologies for Web-based applications. However, there is no universally accepted process model for the development of Web-based applications. Moreover, shaping the process model for small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which have limited resources, has been relatively neglected. Based on our previous work, this paper presents an expanded lifecycle process model for the development of Web-based applications in SMEs. It consists of three sets of processes, i.e., requirement processes, development processes, and evolution processes. Particularly, the post-delivery evolution processes are important to SMEs to develop and maintain quality web applications with limited resources and time. 展开更多
关键词 WEB development of Web-based applications lifecycle models small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
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Mechanism of Impact of Entrepreneurial Spirit on the Development of Small and Medium-sized Private Enterprises in China 被引量:1
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作者 Feihong CHEN Jiayue LI +1 位作者 Yisheng PENG Xi ZHAN 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2017年第6期1-6,共6页
As a necessary factor for a successful business,entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurshi... As a necessary factor for a successful business,entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation,a large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises have emerged in all walks of life in China. This paper examines the differences in the definition of entrepreneurial spirit by different scholars,the influence of Chinese entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises,the origin of the spirit of private entrepreneurs with Chinese characteristics,and the disadvantages of the spirit of small and medium-sized private entrepreneurs in China. It is necessary to further improve entrepreneurial spirit to contribute to the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises and help China to build the national economic system. 展开更多
关键词 Small and medium-sized private enterprises Entrepreneurial spirit Impact mechanism
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The Importance of Cultural Intelligence for Leader to Communicate Effectively: Case Study in Micro Small Medium Enterprises
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作者 Ati Cahayani Aristo Surya Gunawan 《Chinese Business Review》 2018年第11期525-531,共7页
Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There ... Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There are some reasons why MSMEs are difficult to sustain, i.e., good management people by communicate effectively. Authors believe that one of important ability that owners, as a leader, must have in order to communicate effectively is cultural intelligence. Even in MSMEs, cultural intelligence plays important part because employees in MSMEs are diverse. They come from different region (mean having different tradition) and have different level of education. Methodology that is used in this article is qualitative method, and techniques of data collection are interview and observation. Technique of choosing informant is purposive and convenience while data analysis is using content analysis. The result of this study shows that leaders in MSMEs already have cultural intelligence to communicate with their employee. Leaders who have cultural intelligence can choose right method to communicate effectively with their employee. 展开更多
关键词 CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE LEADER MICRO small medium enterprises effective communication
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Analysis of Core Competency Required for the Managerial Work Force of Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan
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作者 Chien-Hua Shen Chun-Mei Chou +1 位作者 Hsi-Chi Hsiao Yu-Je Lee 《Journal of Software Engineering and Applications》 2013年第3期111-113,共3页
This study aims to probe into the core competencies, as should be possessed by the managerial work forces of firms, from the perspective of employers’ in small and medium enterprises. The findings can serve as refere... This study aims to probe into the core competencies, as should be possessed by the managerial work forces of firms, from the perspective of employers’ in small and medium enterprises. The findings can serve as references for planning core courses of employee training and labor employment. Based on the research purposes, this study adopted revised DACUM, conducted literature review, and applied a questionnaire survey. The subjects were the members of SMEs Honor Instructor Association of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, and the Society of Management Science. Random sampling was used, with the number of employees as the units. The valid return rate was 24.2%. After testing goodness of fit of K-S single samples, this study found that a corporate management work force should have 11 items of core competencies, and 35 items of secondary competency. 展开更多
关键词 Small and medium enterprises enterprisE Training Core COMPETENCY
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Data Mining for Small and Medium Enterprises: A Conceptual Model for Adaptation
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作者 Tariq Saeed 《Intelligent Information Management》 2020年第5期183-197,共15页
The following paper explored data mining issues in Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs), firstly exploring the relationship between data mining and economic development. With SME’s contributing most employment prosp... The following paper explored data mining issues in Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs), firstly exploring the relationship between data mining and economic development. With SME’s contributing most employment prospects and output within any emerging economy such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Adopting technology will improve SME’s potential for effective decision making and efficient operations. Hence, it is important that SMEs have access to data mining techniques and implement the most suited into their business to improve their business intelligence (BI). The paper is aimed to critically review the existing literature on data mining in the field of SME to provide a theoretical underpinning for any future work. It has been found data mining to be complicated and fragmented with a multitude of options available for businesses from quite basic systems implemented within Excel or Access to more sophisticated cloud-based systems. For any business, data mining is trade-off between the need for data analysis, and intelligence against the cost and resource-use of the system put in place. Multiple challenges have been identified to data mining, most notably the resource-intensive nature of systems (both in terms of labor and capital) and the security issues of data collection, analysis and storage;with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) a key focus for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia businesses. With these challenges the paper suggests that any SME starts small with an internal data mining exercise to digitalize and analyze their customer data, scaling up over time as the business grows and acquires the resources needed to properly manage any system. 展开更多
关键词 Data Mining Machine Learning Business Intelligence Small and medium enterprises Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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The Challenge of Implementing Information Security Standards in Small and Medium e-Business Enterprises
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作者 Ja’far Alqatawna 《Journal of Software Engineering and Applications》 2014年第10期883-890,共8页
The dynamic nature of online systems requires companies to be proactive with thwarting information security threats, and to follow a systematic way for managing and evaluating the security of their online services. Th... The dynamic nature of online systems requires companies to be proactive with thwarting information security threats, and to follow a systematic way for managing and evaluating the security of their online services. The existence of security standards is an important factor that helps organisations to evaluate and manage security by providing guidelines and best practices that enable them to follow a standard and systematic way to protect their e-Business activities. However, the suitability of available information security standards for Small and Medium e-Business Enterprises (e-SME) is worth further investigation. In this paper three major security standards including Common Criteria, System Security Engineering-Capability and Maturity Model and ISO/IEC 27001 were analysed. Accordingly, several challenges associated with these standards that may render them difficult to be implemented in e-SME have been identified. 展开更多
关键词 Information Security STANDARDS E-BUSINESS Small and medium enterprises
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The Requirements for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in Croatia and the European Union
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作者 Goran Kutnjak Matija Radovic Diana Blaskovic 《Chinese Business Review》 2012年第7期649-655,共7页
Small and medium enterprises are the main institutional medium of the European economy. This is also recognized by the government of the Republic of Croatia, which emphasizes their importance and values their dynamism... Small and medium enterprises are the main institutional medium of the European economy. This is also recognized by the government of the Republic of Croatia, which emphasizes their importance and values their dynamism and capability for revitalizing the Croatian economy, and supports this by ways of subsidies. But, for all the effort, the economic position of small and medium enterprises in the terms of globalization is becoming more complex and uncertain, limited by time and more demanding. This does not correspond with the thesis which states that in the environment and conditions of the modem market economy, which is dynamised by progress in science, technology, information and communication, entrepreneurship has manifested a progressive dimension with the character and needs of all economic activity, as well as a tendency to achieve set objectives and generate change. Recently, after the repeated recession, which was encumbered by the effects of the one before, the conditions of doing business and survival for small and medium enterprises have changed significantly in a negative sense. So, there is a justified cause for questioning earlier stances about small and medium enterprises and their capability to be a motor of development of the Croatian economy, as well as to reevaluate their influence in the context of GDP growth, to focus on the importance and prevalence of certain sectors of the economy, to critically evaluate economic measures which do not lead to a reduction in unemployment and to define the requirements for future development of the small and medium enterprises, which implicates the increased economic efficiency, quality and living standards. 展开更多
关键词 requirements DEVELOPMENT small and medium enterprises Republic of Croatia
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The role of e-readiness assessment criteria in accepting e-commerce for small and medium size enterprisesmDevelopment of technology acceptance model
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作者 Nour-Mohammad Yaghoubi Roya Shakeri 《Chinese Business Review》 2010年第2期21-26,共6页
This paper develops Davis technology acceptance model by adding two criteria of e-readiness assessment. For small and medium size enterprises, the paper evaluates the credit of developed model in studying the efficien... This paper develops Davis technology acceptance model by adding two criteria of e-readiness assessment. For small and medium size enterprises, the paper evaluates the credit of developed model in studying the efficient factors in internet technology acceptance, which is one of the most applicable communication tools in e-commerce. The added factors, taken from models and means of e-readiness assessment, are "existing information technology infrastructures" as well as "organization's training". The authors study 45 small and medium size enterprises in the city of Tehran, which are active in information technology products and services. Using Lisrel structural equation modelling, it is shown that there is a meaningful relationship between the added factors and the variables indicating internet network usage. Therefore, the better factors of e-readiness assessment lead to the higher acceptance level of electronic communication tools in e-commerce. 展开更多
关键词 information technology E-READINESS E-COMMERCE technology acceptance small and medium size enterprises
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A Model to Analyze Small and Medium Enterprises' Training Needs Related to the Internationalization
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作者 Federica Pascucci Valerio Temperini Sara Bartoloni 《Chinese Business Review》 2016年第1期18-32,共15页
Formal training can play a particularly important role in supporting the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, the demand for education services by the latter still appears limited. T... Formal training can play a particularly important role in supporting the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, the demand for education services by the latter still appears limited. This is due to known structural and cultural limits that are found widely in this type of business and to the fact that the provision of training---especially that which is funded^oes not seem to address adequately SMEs' needs; in many cases, such training is not stimulating, because it is perceived as too general. In fact, SMEs do not constitute a single homogeneous group and therefore assistance needs vary among the different types of firms. So, especially in relation to internationalization, it is clear that there are important differences to consider due to the variety of approaches and ways of developing this process. In order to optimize the resources to invest in the promotion of training, there is a need to find a proper balance between providing "viable solutions for all businesses" and offering "targeted responses and tailored services". In such a context, the main objective of this paper is to identify and systematize the variables that most influence the SMEs' training needs related to internationalization by taking into account the differences among them. To this end, an empirical analysis was developed involving a significant number of Italian SMEs by using a combination of qualitative research methods. The results show the critical issues faced by the investigated firms during their internationalization process and highlight some important variables that affect their training needs: export involvement, characteristics of the product/market, characteristics of the company, exporting strategy, and human resources. Based on these variables, the writers identified clusters of firms characterized by similar needs and problems to be faced. 展开更多
关键词 small and medium enterprise (SME) INTERNATIONALIZATION export involvement KNOWLEDGE trainingneeds training services
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Study on Construction and Countermeasures of Technological Innovation Environment within Medium and Small-sized Enterprises in Hubei Province
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作者 Lei Wang Zuwu Shen 《Chinese Business Review》 2004年第11期28-37,共10页
Based on the application of the latest technological innovation theory and the successful experience generated by the domestic and overseas medium and small-sized enterprises, this thesis proposes a theoretical framew... Based on the application of the latest technological innovation theory and the successful experience generated by the domestic and overseas medium and small-sized enterprises, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework, strategic proposition and some secure measures for the regional technological innovation to promote the technological innovation within medium and small-sized enterprises in Hubei Province. In addition, the author also provides some tactics concerning the original motivation, technological market, innovation talents and innovation system, which aim at offering some consultation for the government decision, optimize industrial structure, implement the innovation strategy and propel to the medium and small-sized enterprises' development. 展开更多
关键词 technological innovation medium and small-sized enterprises regional development innovation environment innovation tactics
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