Improving the operational stability of perovskite solar cells with cesium-doped graphene oxide interlayer

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have made great advances in terms of power conversion efficiency(PCE),yet their subpar stability continues to hinder their commercialization.The interface between the perovskite layer and the charge-carrier transporting layers plays a crucial role in undermining the stability of PSCs.In this work,we propose a strategy to stabilize high-performance PSCs with PCE over 23%by introducing a cesium-doped graphene oxide(GO-Cs)as an interlayer between the perovskite and hole-transporting material.The GO-Cs treated PSCs exhibit excellent operational stability with a projected T80(the time where the device PCE reduces to 80%of its initial value)of 2143 h of operation at the maximum powering point under one sun illumination.

Monitoring Study of Long-Term Land Subsidence during Subway Operation in High-Density Urban Areas Based on DInSAR-GPS-GIS Technology and Numerical Simulation

During subway operation,various factors will cause long-term land subsidence,such as the vibration subsidence of foundation soil caused by train vibration load,incomplete consolidation deformation of foundation soil during tunnel construction,dense buildings and structures in the vicinity of the tunnel,and changes in water level in the stratum where the tunnel is located.The monitoring of long-term land subsidence during subway operation in high-density urban areas differs from that in low-density urban construction areas.The former is the gathering point of the entire urban population.There are many complex buildings around the project,busy road traffic,high pedestrian flow,and less vegetation cover.Several existing items requiremonitoring.However,monitoring distance is long,and providing early warning is difficult.This study uses the 2.8 km operation line between Wulin Square station and Ding’an Road station of Hangzhou Subway Line 1 as an example to propose the integrated method of DInSAR-GPS-GIS technology and the key algorithm for long-term land subsidence deformation.Then,it selects multiscene image data to analyze long-termland subsidence of high-density urban areas during subway operation.Results show that long-term land subsidence caused by the operation of Wulin Square station to Ding’an Road station of Hangzhou Subway Line 1 is small,with maximumsubsidence of 30.64 mm,and minimumsubsidence of 11.45 mm,and average subsidence ranging from 19.27 to 21.33 mm.And FLAC3D software was used to verify the monitoring situation,using the geological conditions of the soil in the study area and the tunnel profile to simulate the settlement under vehicle load,and the simulation results tended to be consistent with the monitoring situation.

Assessment for Production and Operation Ability of Medium and Small-sized Enterprises Based on Neural Network

In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was established based on BP neural network. The conjunction weights of the neural network were continuously modified from output layer to input layer in the process of neural network training to reduce the errors between the anticipated and actual outputs. The results from an example show that this method is reliable and feasible. The production and operation abilitv of an enterorise with assessed result of 0.833 is fairly oowerful, and that with assessed result of 0.644 is average.

The Optimization on Operation Characteristicsof Urban Medium Voltage Network

Traditional small current grounding system has many advantages. Pilot operation shows that optimized one has even better operation characteristics. It has proven to be a geenrallly properand relatively perfect neutyal grounding method in urban MV network.

The progress of operational forest fire monitoring with infrared remote sensing

Forest wildfires pose significant and growing threats to human safety, wildlife habitat, regional economies and global climate change. It is crucial that forest fires be subject to timely and accurate monitoring by forest fire managers and other stake-holders. Measurement by spaceborne equipment has become a practical and appealing method to monitor the occurrence and development of forest wildfires. Here we present an overview of the principles and case studies of forest fire monitoring（FFM） with satelliteand drone-mounted infrared remote sensing（IRRS）. This review includes four types of FFM-relevant IRRS algorithms： bi-spectral methods, fixed threshold methods, spatial contextual methods, and multi-temporal methods. The spatial contextual methods are presented in detail since they can be applied easily with commonly available satellite IRRS data, including MODIS, VIIRS, and Landsat 8 OLI. This review also evaluates typical cases of FFM using NOAAAVHRR, EOS-MODIS, S-NPP VIIRS, Landsat 8 OLI,MSG-SEVIRI, and drone infrared data. To better implement IRRS applications in FFM, it is important to develop accurate forest masks, carry out systematic comparative studies of various forest fire detection systems（known as forest fire products）, and improve methods for assessing the accuracy of forest fire detection. Medium-resolution IRRS data are effective for landscape-scale FFM, and the VIIRS 375 m contextual algorithm and RST-FIRES algorithm are helpful for closely tracking forest fires（including small and shortlived fires） and forest-fire early warning.

Voltage-dependent plasticity and image Boolean operations realized in a WOx-based memristive synapse

The development of electronic devices that possess the functionality of biological synapses is a crucial step towards neuromorphic computing.In this work,we present a WOx-based memristive device that can emulate voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity.By adjusting the amplitude of the applied voltage,we were able to reproduce short-term plasticity(STP)and the transition from STP to long-term potentiation.The stimulation with high intensity induced long-term enhancement of conductance without any decay process,thus representing a permanent memory behavior.Moreover,the image Boolean operations(including intersection,subtraction,and union)were also demonstrated in the memristive synapse array based on the above voltage-dependent plasticity.The experimental achievements of this study provide a new insight into the successful mimicry of essential characteristics of synaptic behaviors.

Fluctuations and Squeezing for Measured Phase Operators of the J-C Model in the Kerr Medium

By using the theory of measured phase operator proposed by Barnett and Pegg, dynamic properties of the phase of a field are studied. The time evolution and squeezing of measured phase operators of a coherent field interacting with a two-level atom in the cavity with or without the Kerr medium are investigated. The influences of virtual cavity field on squeezing of measured phase operator are studied. Our numerical results show that the squeezing effects are clearly influenced by Kerr medium parameters, the field intensity, and the detuning. Moreover, the influence of the virtual-photon field makes more quantum noise in the evolution of measured phase operators. Key words Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) - Kerr medium - measured phase operator - squeezing - virtual photon PACS 2001 4250Dv

A Two-Stage Approach for Large-Scale Cascaded Hydropower System Operations

The paper presents a two-stage approach to cope with the long-term optimal operation of cascaded hydropower systems. This approach combines progressive optimality algorithm (POA) with quadratic programming (QP) to improve the optimization results. POA is used at the first stage to generate a local optimal result, which will be selected as the initial feasible solution of QP method employed at the second stage. Around the initial solution, a rational local search range for QP method is then determined, where the nonlinear water level function and tailrace level function can be linearized nearly with high accuracy. The simplified optimization problem is formulated as a QP model with a quadratic generation function and a linear set of constraints, and solved using the available mathematic optimization software package. Simulation is performed on the long term operation of Hongshui River hydropower system which is located in southwest China and consists of 9 built hydropower plants. Results obtained from the proposed approach show a significant increase in the total energy production compared to the results from POA.

The Impact of Innovation in Small Industrial Operations to Increased Competitiveness： Empirical Evidence

The present research work in the Small and Medium Enterprise （SME） and industrial sector explains the impact of the relationship among innovation in the SME operations of Aguascalientes to find the most competitive one; to this end, a questionnaire was intended for managers where the results have been analyzed using the statistical package Structural Equation Modeling Programs （EQS） support which through structural equations has responded to the objective. In this sense, it can be concluded that innovation has a positive relationship with the operations and in turn, this relationship shows a positive impact on the competitiveness of SMEs in Aguascalientes. For this study, a sample of 150 companies has been used.

Impact of Operational Process Factors on Strategy Implementation in Microfinance Organisations in a Developing Country

This paper sets to explore management perceptions regarding the impact of operational process factors on strategy implementation in microfinance organisations in Kenya.Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play a critical role in developing countries as a source of employment creation and a basis for industrialization.However,the sector receives inadequate financial support from commercial banks as it is considered to bear high risks and operational costs associate with lending small loan amounts.Microfinance organisations(MFOs)that serve this sector will need to expand their operations to increase their outreach to SMEs.Formulation and implementation of competitive strategies will enable MFOs to achieve growth and sustainability.Content,context and operational process factors appear to have a significance positive relationship to the level of strategy implementation.This paper is focusing on operational process factors impacting on strategy implementation and is part of a full study on the topic of strategy implementation in MFOs.Comprehensive literature review provided the theoretical framework for the study.Primary data were collected by means of a survey obtaining 300 self-administered questionnaires from managers in 135 MFOs in Kenya.The study revealed that the level of strategy implementation in MFOs in Kenya is moderate to high.This study has revealed that the operational process category of factors is more significant to the level of strategy implementation than content and context factors.Five operational process factors critical to strategy implementation include:operational planning and monitoring,management control systems,people-strategy fit,teamwork,and effective communication.Further,the level of strategy implementation has significance positive influence to MFOs’financial sustainability and outreach.Practical guidelines are provided to assist MFOs in developing countries to improve the level of strategy implementation by focusing on operational process factors.

中深层地埋管热泵供热系统运行特性实测研究

通过大量工程实测研究,总结了中深层地埋管热泵供热技术的运行特性。中深层地埋管具有出水温度高、取热功率大、长期运行稳定的特点,为热泵系统提供了高品位的低温热源,以提升其运行性能;同时中深层地埋管自身存在间歇蓄热特性,能很好地满足建筑供热需求变化与柔性用能;无级变频热泵机组更适合与中深层地埋管匹配运行,节能减排效果显著;热源侧水系统具有小流量、大扬程,且阻力随着流量变化而大幅度变化的特性。研究结果可为提升该技术的供热性能提供关键指导。

新零售业态下中小型网店运营策略

新零售背景下,当下网店运营与服务模式均迎来了新的转变,各种企业的信息更加透明化,通过对无形资源价值动态的把握来创造更多的有形、无形资源的抓取。另外新零售模式也使得以前对于不对称、信息差认知的可能逐步降低。新零售模式下整体的行业信息透明化、对策化幅度逐渐升高,从以前的单纯成交的关系逐步转化成现在以客户关系为中心的管理模式。当下针对零售企业提高创新服务模式,做好创新服务模式的绩效,以服务创新驱动力模型将内部和外部因素进行总体把握问题,从经济价值,功能价值,情感价值三方面充分考虑到顾客的主张,希望通过理论综述结合案例分析对于新零售背景下的服务模式以及营销方式背后的作用机理开展进一步的研究,以期对于理论和实践具有一定的指导价值。

基于CCR模型的中小城市公交运行效率评价方法

为了缓解资源的有限性和城市公交服务日益增长需求对公交系统运营和发展带来的压力,提高公交线路运行效率,构建以线路长度、重复系数、非直线系数、站点覆盖率、站点数量和线网密度为投入指标,线路可达性和行车准点率为产出指标的评价指标体系,采用数据包络分析法中的CCR模型对公交线路运行效率进行评价。以本溪市主城区16条公交线路运营情况为例,进行有效性分析。分析结果表明:1路、9路、25路、26路、32路、33路综合效益值均小于1,线路运行效率仍有待提升,其中线路长度、站点数量两个指标影响程度较高,可基于实际情况对该指标进行优化,提高线路运行效率。研究成果可为本溪市公交发展与城乡规划提供参考依据,也可为中小城市公交线路运行效率评价提供新的思路。

我国民营银行的发展现状、问题与对策建议

进入新时代以来,基于解决我国金融业发展不平衡不充分问题与优化金融市场结构体系的现实需要,国家出台了一系列政策支持民营银行的发展,民营银行由试点阶段进入到常态化经营阶段,资产负债规模和盈利能力大幅提升,逐渐成为服务中小企业的主力军。然而,由于战略定位不清晰、公司治理机制待完善、资本金支撑不足、抗风险能力较弱等问题,目前民营银行正面临严峻的挑战。因此,在未来的发展中,民营银行应坚定差异化经营,注重小微、民营、普惠等领域;完善公司治理机制,拓展资本金来源渠道;加强人才队伍建设,提高金融服务质量;借助金融科技,加快数字化转型,提升风险识别、防控和化解能力。同时,政府部门要强化政策引导,完善监管措施,助力民营银行更好地服务于实体经济。

考虑电力中长期及现货市场衔接的月内融合交易模式及统一限价研究

在电力市场“中长期+现货”背景下,针对电力中长期与现货衔接问题,探寻高比例新能源入市下月内融合交易市场边界,研究统一限价对社会福利与曲线分解的影响,分析月内融合交易模式对市场衔接的作用。首先,考虑市场中存在的问题,探讨可行的解决方式。其次基于市场预测,构建市场主体的报价与目标函数,结合不平衡电量,构建社会福利最大化市场出清模型,采用A-NSGA-Ⅲ算法进行求解,得到市场出清情况与对应的最优限价范围。最后通过算例验证了统一限价与细分时段的优势,给出了统一限价设定的市场化途径,同时保证了市场主体利益与市场活力,表明了统一限价模式下月内融合交易市场有利于市场主体灵活交易,促进了中长期与现货市场的衔接。

Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: A narrative review

Immunosuppression is essential to ensure recipient and graft survivals after liver transplantation(LT). However, our understanding and management of the immune system remain suboptimal. Current immunosuppressive therapy cannot selectively inhibit the graft-specific immune response and entails a significant risk of serious side effects, i.e., among others, de novo cancers, infections, cardiovascular events, renal failure, metabolic syndrome, and late graft fibrosis, with progressive loss of graft function. Pharmacological research, aimed to develop alternative immunosuppressive agents in LT, is behind other solidorgan transplantation subspecialties, and, therefore, the development of new compounds and strategies should get priority in LT. The research trajectories cover mechanisms to induce T-cell exhaustion, to inhibit co-stimulation, to mitigate non-antigen-specific inflammatory response, and, lastly, to minimize the development and action of donor-specific antibodies. Moreover, while cellular modulation techniques are complex, active research is underway to foster the action of T-regulatory cells, to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells, and to promote the function of B-regulatory cells. We herein discuss current lines of research in clinical immunosuppression, particularly focusing on possible applications in the LT setting.

中深层套管式地埋管地源热泵系统能效分析

中深层套管式地埋管地源热泵系统的能效受多种因素影响,为保证其高效运行,对其影响因素进行研究尤为重要。本文建立了中深层套管式地埋管地源热泵系统换热器传热模型,采用工程实测数据验证该模型的准确性。基于该模型,量化了一个供暖期内多种因素对系统能效的影响。结果表明:进口水温和岩土导热系数对系统能效具有重要影响,回填材料导热系数对其影响较小;增大循环流量会提高取热功率,但系统能效也随之降低,当循环流量由8.33 kg/s增大至10.56 kg/s时,取热功率提升4.95%,能效下降1.23%;增大外管管径、岩土和回填材料的导热系数能够提升系统能效,但达到一定数值后,对能效提升效果不显著。本研究对中深层套管式地埋管地源热泵系统长期稳定运行及能效提升具有参考意义。

基于全耦合模型的海上吊装作业动力响应特征研究

针对现有海上吊装模拟方法不能有效考虑浮吊船舶—系泊系统—吊物系统之间的动态耦合,难以实现基座回转、吊臂变幅连续模拟问题,基于Matlab/Simulink、ADAMS联合仿真平台建立了海上吊装作业全耦合动力分析模型,探究了中长周期波作用下波浪周期、吊缆收放、基座回转、吊臂变幅等参数变化对吊装作业系统动力响应的影响规律。结果表明,波浪周期接近吊物系统固有周期时会引发共振,导致吊物摇摆幅值显著增加。基座回转、吊臂变幅等因改变了吊物的空间位置从而引发了浮吊船舶倾覆力矩的变化,进而对浮吊船舶运动响应产生显著影响。当基座回转90°后,浮吊船舶的横倾角增加约2.74°。

大数据背景下信息技术在中小企业物流运营的问题研究

伴随经济的飞速发展,我国各个行业发展迅速,这很大部分原因归功于大数据背景下信息技术在各个行业的普及与应用。信息技术在物流运营中的应用是项复杂、庞大的工程,对于推动物流业的发展具有非常重要的作用。然而,现今信息技术在中小企业物流运营中并未完全释放活力,出现很多运行不畅的地方,表现对信息技术在物流运营中重要性的认识不足,缺乏物流信息技术人才,基础设施及物流信息化功能模块有待完善,信息技术在中小企业物流运营中的应用难以形成规模经济,文章在针对信息技术在中小企业物流运营中的问题进行深入研究后,提出一些合理化建议,以期为中小企业运营提供一些参考。

中厚板Q235B表面纵裂原因分析及控制

Q235B中厚板是敬业集团2022年的主流产品之一,但是自进入4月份以后,大批量Q235B板材表面出现纵裂缺陷,每月纵裂缺陷品占Q235B总产量的比例最高达到0.41%,造成了严重的经济损失。针对中厚板Q235B表面纵裂缺陷造成大量板材降级问题,通过跟踪Q235B板坯的炼钢连铸生产过程,对比纵裂缺陷品的工艺参数,研究了纵裂的原因并制定了相关控制措施。从钢水质量、浇注稳定性、铸坯凝固平衡性三方面入手,通过控制钢水冶炼成分碳含量0.15%~0.17%、硫含量小于0.012%,保证精炼软吹效果、减少钢中夹杂物,稳定铸坯拉速波动小于0.1 m/min,优化浇注工艺、水口插入深度115~125 mm,结晶器冷却制度、平衡铸坯宽窄面热流密度等措施,使Q235B板坯表面纵裂纹发生率得到明显控制,9月份纵裂缺陷品占比0.128%,较8月份减少0.283%。