Relationship between process mineralogical characterization and beneficiability of low-grade laterite nickel ore

Process mineralogy of low-grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia was systematically characterized and the beneficiation process of mineral components such as limonite,serpentine and chromite was studied on the basis of process mineralogy.The results show that the low-grade laterite nickel ore is a typical weathering sedimentary metamorphic oxidized ore,with the main valuable elements of Ni,Co and Cr and the main mineral components of limonite,serpentine,chromite,etc.There is no independent carrier mineral of Ni and Co in the raw ore,and the occurrence states of Ni and Co are relatively dispersed.For the limonite in laterite nickel mine,the nickel bearing magnetite concentrate with nickel grade of 1.98%and recovery rate of 88.42%can be obtained by reduction roasting magnetic separation process.For the serpentine in laterite nickel mine,the cobalt bearing concentrate with Co grade of 0.17%and recovery rate of 23.17%can be obtained by positive and reverse flotation process.A chromium concentrate containing 35.17%Cr_(2)O_(3) and a recovery of 33.42%can be obtained by using the combined process of coarse and fine classification and gravity and magnetic.

Making Ferronickel from Laterite Nickel Ore by Coal-Based Self-Reduction and High Temperature Melting Process

Based on the process of coal-based self-reduction and melting separation at high temperature, it was investigated that the effect of process factors on the reduction of iron and nickel oxide, the metal yield and the nickel content in ferronickel about the laterite nickel ore, was from Philippines and contented low nickel, high iron and aluminum. The results showed that if the C/O mole ratio was not higher than 0.5 and the reduction temperature was kept as 1200°C and then increased up to 1500°C, the metal could not separate from molten slag for the A series of experiments, which were only added CaF2. However, when the C/O ratio was added up to 0.6 - 0.8, the metal could separate well from the slag, and the yields of Fe and Ni increased gradually. But the nickel content in the metal declined from 1.79% to 1.34%. When the C/O ratio increased to 1.2, and the temperature of melting products obtained at 1200°C and rose to 1550°C, the separation of metal from slag could not be realized in B group of tests, which were only added hydrated lime. However, when both of CaF2 and hydrated lime were added, the metal could separate from slag in C group. In order to increase the content of nickel in the metal, it is necessary to restrain the reduction of iron oxide. When the C/O mole ratio is 0.6, the nickel content of metal could be 1.79%, which was higher than the theoretical ratio 1.65% of Ni/(Ni + Fe) of the latcritic nickel ore, but the yield of nickle was only 71.3%.

Direct smelting process for stainless steel crude alloy recovery from mixed low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores

Stainless steel crude alloy recovery from direct smelting of low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores was investigated. The mixed low-grade ores were directly smelted in an elevator furnace at smelting temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1600 ℃. Smelting experiments were conducted in a laboratory elevator furnace equipped with 8 U-shaped high- quality molybdenum disilicide heating elements. A low-grade coal was used as the reductant. Experimental results showed that the recovery of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Si within the alloy increased from 34.22, 60.27, 57.14, 25.42 and 13.02% to 69.91, 99.26, 86.02, 60.8 and 34.21%, respectively, when the temperature was increased from 1550 to 1600 ℃. There was a general increase in the total recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni in the alloy with CaO addition increasing from 0.4 g up to 1.2 g. However, the recoveries of Mn and Si vividly decreased as the CaO contents were increased. In general, the recoveries of the metal contents of the crude alloy increase with the increase in the amount of manganese ore. Compared to the recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni when CaO was added, the recoveries of Fe, Cr and Ni were lower when manganese ore was used as an additive.

Characterization of fluidized reduction roasting of nickel laterite ore under CO/CO_(2)atmosphere

Fluidized reduction roasting is an efficient metallurgical technique.However,its application to nickel laterite ore has rarely been reported.In this paper,the effects of reduction temperature,reduction time,CO concentration,and material particle size on the roasting characteristics of ferronickel fluidization reduction were investigated.Combined with X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS)characterization,the mineral phases and microscopic morphology of nickel laterite ore and its roasted ores were analyzed in depth.The results indicated that under the condition of a CO/CO_(2)ratio of 1:1,a reduction temperature of 800℃,and a reduction roasting time of 60 min,a nickel-iron concentrate with a nickel grade of 2.10%and an iron content of 45.96%was produced from a raw material with a nickel grade of 1.45%,achieving a remarkable nickel recovery rate of 46.26%.XRD and SEM-EDS analysis indicated that nickel in the concentrate mainly exists in the form of[Fe,Ni],while the unrecovered nickel in the tailings is primarily present in the form of[Fe,Ni]and Ni_(2)SiO_(4)in forsterite.This study established a theoretical foundation for further exploration of fluidized reduction roasting technology.

高铁低品位红土镍矿酸浸工艺研究

研究了用硫酸从印尼某高铁低品位红土镍矿中加压酸浸镍、钴、铁,并探讨了浸出渣中铁品位变化及常压、加压下的浸出动力学。结果表明:在酸矿比260 kg/t、温度250℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、粒度100目、反应时间1 h条件下,镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%,铁品位可达51.3%;加压和常压下,镍、钴浸出过程均符合界面化学反应控制的收缩核模型,加压下反应活化能分别为116、91 kJ/mol,常压下反应活化能分别为41、53 kJ/mol;常压下主要是针铁矿的浸出,高压下主要是铬铁矿、磁铁矿等矿相的浸出。

低品位红土镍矿还原焙砂氨浸试验研究

本研究采用选择性还原焙烧—氨浸工艺从低品位红土镍矿中综合提取镍、钴、铁,重点介绍了该工艺氨浸的试验研究。确定的最佳工艺条件为:NH3?∶CO2为90g/L∶60g/L,焙砂粒度-0.074mm占80%,液固比为2∶1(mL/g),浸出初始温度为25℃左右,浸出终点电位大于-100mV。综合试验的镍、钴浸出率分别为89.87%和62.20%。研究表明,在常温常压下采用氨浸法不但可以有效地回收镍、钴、铁,而且浸出剂可以循环使用,设备运行安全可靠,可取得较好的经济效益。

微生物浸出低品位氧化物型镍钴矿研究新进展

微生物浸出技术是处理低品位矿石的有效措施。但目前我国主要针对硫化矿的自养微生物浸出进行研发,而对异养微生物浸出氧化型矿石研究很少。异养微生物可通过其产生的代谢产物的酸解、还原、碱解及络合作用来提取或者溶解低品位氧化物型镍钴矿中的镍、钴金属,有助于解决目前我国镍钴资源短缺及为重金属污染治理提供技术方法。本文针对低品位氧化型镍钴矿、风化壳、以及冶金渣、废电池、废催化剂等二次资源,介绍了世界镍钴资源的现状和低品位氧化物型镍钴矿的资源类型,对异养微生物浸出低品位氧化物型镍钴矿研究现状进行了剖析,指出了异养微生物冶金的主要浸矿条件和存在难题,提出了氧化物型镍钴矿微生物浸取的研究方向。

配矿强化中低品位红土镍矿选择性还原研究

以两种中低品位红土镍矿A(Ni0.97%和Fe40.09%)和B(Ni1.42%和Fe23.16%)为原料,探究红土镍矿中镍的赋存状态和分布规律,并通过配矿来强化直接还原焙烧-磁选的试验研究。结果表明,褐铁矿型红土镍矿中,镍多数赋存在主要矿物针铁矿晶格中,利蛇纹石中镍品位也较高;腐殖土型红土镍矿中,铁镁硅酸盐矿物含量为65%左右,镍品位较低;针铁矿含量约为30%,含镍品位较高。通过配矿可以减少铁镍比,配合添加剂可以抑制铁的还原,降低还原温度到1100℃左右,此时得到镍品位6%左右的镍铁精矿,镍回收率为92.08%。还原焙烧矿中镍被有效富集于γFe-Ni合金晶粒中,其它物相中含镍极少,实现了镍的选择性还原和富集。

低品位红土镍矿转底炉煤基直接还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺实验研究

研究了低品位红土镍矿转底炉煤基直接还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺,探索了矿煤比、还原温度对镍铁回收率、还原率及金属化率的影响。实验表明:矿煤比100:10、还原温度1200℃、还原时间25min为合适的工艺参数,铁的还原率达99.52%,镍金属化率为54.48%,回收率为87.59%。

低品位红土镍矿资源开发趋势:“资源+能源+材料”一体化模式

受不锈钢产量增长及电动汽车发展驱动,市场对镍的需求将会持续增长。目前全球镍资源供应主要来源于硫化镍矿和红土镍矿,受技术、市场、资源情况影响,红土镍矿来源的镍供应量持续增长,推动红土镍矿在镍供应中占据主导地位。在动力电池材料需求推动镍钴需求的大背景下,低品位红土镍矿的HPAL湿法工艺因其优越性引起众多企业的关注,目前HPAL湿法工艺的红土镍矿投资及成本已具备市场竞争力。在动力电池材料市场镍钴需求持续增长及要求动力电池成本下降政策的双重驱动下,“资源+能源+材料”一体化模式将成为未来低品位红土镍矿开发的趋势。

低品位红土镍矿氧化焙烧—硫酸浸出试验研究

研究了以氧化焙烧—浸出工艺从某红土镍矿中回收镍,考察了矿石焙烧、浸出工艺条件对镍回收率的影响。试验结果表明:在矿石粒度-0.074mm占75%、焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间2h、浸出温度70℃、浸出时间80min、液固体积质量比1.5∶1条件下,镍浸出率在81%左右。

基于常压酸浸的低品位红土镍矿综合利用研究

低品位红土镍矿在常压下用硫酸浸出后,浸出液与浸出渣中的镍、铁、镁、硅等有价元素可进行综合利用。本文首先采用常压酸浸对低品位红土镍矿进行处理,然后通过各工艺环节的试验研究有价金属综合利用的工艺流程,明确最佳工艺参数,实现低品位红土镍矿高附加值资源化综合利用。其间,可利用黄钠铁矾法对红土镍矿浸出液沉铁;过滤渣焙烧后获得Fe_(2)O_(3)矿粉,它可作为钢铁原料或深加工为铁红等产品;除铁后液利用化学沉淀法进行处理,分别得到氢氧化镍与氢氧化镁产品;过滤后的硫酸钠溶液经过净化后可送回配料环节循环使用;浸出渣则通过碱浸处理、碳化分解得到高纯度SiO_(2)产品。

废弃块矿作铺底料强化红土矿烧结工艺及机制

为减少因低品位废弃含镍矿堆积而产生的重金属污染和镍资源浪费,同时达到有效利用固废资源及改善褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结性能的目的,在研究两者基本物化性能及矿物赋存状态的基础上,对比了褐铁矿型红土镍矿无铺底料烧结工艺、烧结矿铺底料烧结工艺及废弃块矿铺底料烧结工艺各项指标,并揭示了相关机制。结果表明:相对于无铺底料烧结工艺及烧结矿铺底料烧结工艺,采用废弃块矿作为铺底料能更为有效地改善褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结性能,烧结矿转鼓强度分别提高10.16%、3.82%,利用系数分别增加13.40%、6.80%,固体燃耗分别降低9.64%、9.20%;同时,烧结矿冶金性能优异,RI和RDI+3.15mm分别高达78.24%及96.79%。固结机制研究发现:相对于其他2种工艺,废弃块矿铺底料烧结工艺中,烧结矿微观结构由大孔薄壁结构转化为大孔厚壁结构,且孔洞趋于规则的圆形;另外,SFCA面积分数由7.27%、8.78%增至12.21%,并沿孔洞边缘向内部发展,主要固相—铁尖晶石晶粒有所长大,彼此之间连结程度较好,能更为有效地被液相所润湿,烧结矿微观结构更为紧密,从而使得烧结矿强度进一步提高。而强度更高的块矿作为铺底料,料层透气性更为有效地提高,促进了无烟煤的充分燃烧,使得烧结矿固体燃耗大幅降低,利用系数明显改善。

还原剂对低品位红土镍矿选择性还原过程的影响

选取3种还原剂研究它们对某低品位红土镍矿选择性还原过程的影响。结果显示，在相同还原剂用量下，选择性还原效果顺序是褐煤〉烟煤〉焦粉；在相同固定碳量（褐煤6％和焦粉3％）时，褐煤6％作还原剂时，选择性还原效果更好。通过X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电镜和能谱仪（SEM—EDS）和还原剂反应性等分析可知，保证弱还原气氛非常重要，保证低用量的还原剂对镍的选择性还原有利；在弱还原气氛、固定碳量一致时，应选择灰分成分含硅少、钙铁多的还原剂对选择性还原有利，但由于还原剂本身用量低，因此还原剂带人的灰分对整个焙烧体系而言起到的作用不大；选择反应性好的还原剂亦非常重要，反应性好的还原剂在反应初期发生剧烈的气化反应，利于易还原的镍氧化物的还原。确定选用褐煤作还原剂、用量6％，此时得到了镍品位3．99％、镍回收率92．79％的镍铁产品。