Generation of breathing solitons in the propagation and interactions of Airy–Gaussian beams in a cubic–quintic nonlinear medium

Using the split-step Fourier transform method, we numerically investigate the generation of breathing solitons in the propagation and interactions of Airy–Gaussian（AiG） beams in a cubic–quintic nonlinear medium in one transverse dimension. We show that the propagation of single AiG beams can generate stable breathing solitons that do not accelerate within a certain initial power range. The propagation direction of these breathing solitons can be controlled by introducing a launch angle to the incident AiG beams. When two AiG beams accelerated in opposite directions interact with each other,different breathing solitons and soliton pairs are observed by adjusting the phase shift, the beam interval, the amplitudes,and the light field distribution of the initial AiG beams.

Paraxial propagation of cosh-Airy vortex beams in chiral medium

Propagation dynamics of the cosh-Airy vortex(CAiV) beams in a chiral medium is investigated analytically with Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral formula. The results show that the CAiV beams are split into the left circularly polarized vortex(LCPV) beams and the right circularly polarized vortex(RCPV) beams with different propagation trajectories in the chiral medium. We mainly investigate the effect of the cosh parameter on the propagation process of the CAiV beams.The propagation characteristics, including intensity distribution, propagation trajectory, peak intensity, main lobe's intensity, Poynting vector, and angular momentum are discussed in detail. We find that the cosh parameter affects the intensity distribution of the CAiV beams but not its propagation trajectory. As the cosh parameter increases, the distribution areas of the LCPV and RCPV beams become wider, and the side lobe's intensity and peak intensity become larger. Besides, the main lobe's intensity of the LCPV and RCPV beams increase with the increase of the cosh parameter at a farther propagation distance, which is confirmed by the variation trend of the Poynting vector. It is significant that we can vary the cosh parameter to control the intensity distribution, main lobe's intensity, and peak intensity of the CAiV beams without changing the propagation trajectory. Our results may provide some support for applications of the CAiV beams in optical micromanipulation.

A Simple Analytic Approximation for the Refracted Field at Gaussian Beam Incidence upon a Boundary of Absorbing Medium

An approximate analytic model is presented to describe spatial structure of refracted electromagnetic field arising at oblique incidence of a Gaussian beam on a plane boundary of an absorbing homogeneous medium. The analytic solution is obtained by asymptotic approximation of a Fourier field integral under the condition of great beam width in comparison with a wavelength (the geometrical-optics approximation). This model can be used also for approximate simulation of refracted field in the cases of beam incidence near the critical angle on transparent or absorbing (amplifying) refracting medium, if one artificially introduces the additional absorption (amplification), whose value is proportional to the ratio of the wavelength and the effective beam width. It is shown that the analytic model reflects the general features of refracted field at total internal reflection.

Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter （PBS） is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis （RCWA） method at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.

中低速磁悬浮铁路路基轨道梁计算方法

研究目的:中低速磁悬浮铁路是一种新型交通运输系统,其路基-轨道梁结构对系统的安全性、运行稳定性和乘坐舒适性有重要影响。为简单合理确定车辆荷载作用下路基-轨道梁结构的挠度和内力以便为实际工程设计提供理论依据,基于Winkler弹性地基上的Timoshenko梁模型,建立中低速磁悬浮铁路路基轨道梁计算方法。研究结论:(1)通过拟静力法将车辆动力荷载转换为等效惯性力,结合梁体边界条件,采用Laplace变换方法,推导出了竖向集中荷载作用下轨道基础梁的挠度和内力的计算公式,并通过室内模型试验和现场测试进行了验证;(2)轨道基础梁的挠度和弯矩沿梁体长度均呈中间大、两端小的抛物线型分布模式,二者理论值与试验值的最大误差分别约为10%、5.6%;(3)梁体剪力沿长度呈跨中为零的线性分布,理论值与试验值最大误差约为5%;(4)本文所建立的计算方法可为中低速磁悬浮铁路路基轨道梁的实际工程设计提供参考。

中低速磁浮梁轨一体轨道梁钢混接头试验研究

针对中低速磁浮分离式轨道梁建筑高度较大、无法考虑F轨刚度贡献等问题,提出了一种开孔钢板式梁轨一体轨道梁结构,并针对其钢-混结合部的静力性能开展足尺模型试验和有限元仿真计算分析.首先,介绍了梁轨一体轨道梁工程背景以及钢-混结合部的结构特征;其次,设计了钢-混结合部静载模型试验,测试F轨、钢连接件和混凝土等构件在各级荷载下的应力和位移;最后,建立了钢-混结合部实体有限元模型,并结合试验数据分析了钢-混结合部的受力性能、传力机理以及设计参数影响.研究结果表明:1)在1.50倍设计荷载内,钢-混结合部基本处于弹性状态,连接件承载力满足设计要求;荷载继续增大时,F轨的荷载-应力曲线表现出一定的非线性;5.47倍设计荷载下,混凝土梁体发生开裂破坏.2)F轨内外磁极位移均较小,钢-混结合部刚度较大;F轨内外磁极位移差在设计荷载下满足设计限值;1.58倍设计荷载下内外磁极位移差达到0.54 mm,开始超过位移差限值;表明钢混结合部刚度的富裕量小于强度,钢连接件应以刚度控制设计.3)在正常运营状态,磁浮列车荷载主要由钢连件的钢板承压传递,焊钉与开孔钢板传力比例较小;钢连接件中开孔直径、贯穿钢筋直径对传力影响较小,钢连接件腹板厚度增加使得钢混结合部处传力更加平顺.

横向贯通式中低速磁浮一体轨道梁钢-混结合部试验研究

为解决中低速磁浮分离式轨道梁存在的养护难、构件多,以及无法考虑F轨刚度贡献等问题,提出一种横向贯通式梁轨一体轨道梁结构,针对其钢-混结合部的静力性能开展有限元分析和足尺模型试验研究,并对关键设计参数进行参数分析。结果表明,在5倍设计荷载内,钢-混结合部基本处于弹性状态,承载力满足设计要求,且具备较高富裕量;竖向荷载主要通过钢板承压作用传递至混凝土梁体,焊钉对竖向荷载的传递作用较小;设计参数分析表明,适量提高钢连接件钢板厚度有利于竖向荷载的平顺传递。研究结果可以为梁轨一体轨道梁设计提供参考。

基于超材料的水声通信综述

近年来,声学超材料作为一种新型人工复合材料,凭借其强大的声学参数调控能力突破传统材料功能极限,在水下探测、目标识别、成像、导航和通信等领域展现出了广阔的应用前景。文章综述了利用超材料实现水声通信的研究进展,主要包括基于声轨道角动量的多路复用通信、基于声学超表面的波束操控实现的特定发射和接收端间的水声通信,以及水-空跨介质声通信,总结了其所涉及的关键技术,并对当前基于超材料的水声通信所面临的挑战和前景进行了展望。

基于衰减补偿的多分量自适应聚焦束偏移

将自适应聚焦束拓展到弹性介质中,基于弹性格林函数的构建,结合自适应聚焦束的优势,并考虑黏滞性对高斯束的影响,发展基于衰减补偿的多分量自适应聚焦束偏移方法。模型测试验证了本文方法的正确性和适应性。结果表明,新方法能够适应强横向速度变化,压制噪音对成像结果造成的影响,使成像剖面更加干净清晰。

中温回火温度对22MnB5钢扭力梁疲劳性能的影响

对冷成形22MnB5钢管状扭力梁进行960℃感应淬火和中温回火,研究了回火温度(220,350,400,450,500℃)对扭力梁拉伸性能、冲击性能和疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:随着回火温度从350℃升至500℃,22MnB5钢扭力梁的抗拉强度降低,断后伸长率增加,强塑积先增大后减小,450℃回火后最大,达到12.3 GPa·%;随着回火温度从220℃升至450℃,22MnB5钢扭力梁显微硬度减小,冲击吸收力增加;回火后扭力梁表面残余应力下降,且回火温度越高,下降程度越大;随回火温度升高,扭力梁疲劳寿命呈先下降后增再降的变化趋势,450℃回火疲劳寿命最长,达(15.8±2.4)万次;22MnB5钢扭力梁的最佳回火温度为450℃。

中小跨径梁桥中组合橡胶支座的减隔震性能分析

地震作用下,中小跨径梁桥所用板式橡胶支座易出现滑动,使墩梁的位移偏大,而组合橡胶支座的耗能能力及位移能力相对高。采用拟静力试验及有限元分析探讨了组合橡胶支座、板式橡胶支座各工况下的地震响应,结果表明:中小跨径梁桥采用组合橡胶支座能够有效防止支座滑动,显著降低了桥墩弯矩与支座位移。

中等跨径变高度连续梁不同施工方案综合分析

中等跨径变高连续梁常用的施工方案有满堂支架现浇法及挂篮悬臂浇筑法等。设计时,需结合现场的施工条件、工期、经济指标等因素,采用合理的施工方案。施工方案的不同,也会影响结构尺寸及钢束的设置。现利用桥梁计算软件“桥梁博士”对同一桥梁在不同施工方案下的受力进行计算分析,并综合对比受力性能、工程造价和施工方案利弊。相关结论对类似桥梁建造工程有借鉴作用。

钢混组合梁结构比选及受力分析

对于50 m跨径的钢混组合桥梁,比较了不同结构形式的经济性指标,推荐采用装配式π形组合梁。同时,以工程为依托,介绍了50 m跨钢混组合梁桥的设计。

上跨中低速磁浮营业线的桥梁方案研究

鉴于运营过程中中低速磁浮营业线产生的电磁环境会对上跨桥梁结构以及施工设备或人员产生一定影响,同时二者交叉点附近的既有结构、构筑物、交通环境等会对上跨桥梁方案造成极大的制约。基于现有理论研究及实践结果,通过对长沙机场大道与长沙磁浮快线的交叉节点进行分析,确定了距离磁浮轨道的最小安全施工距离,制定了桥梁上跨方案并验证了该方案的科学性和可行性。通过在方案制定过程中对风险的控制和不利社会影响的规避、实施过程中的试验和监测以及运营过程中的反馈,归纳总结了上跨中低速磁浮营业线桥梁的主要影响因素以及切实可行的对策措施,以期为类似桥梁上跨方案提供参考。

Spectral anomalies of diffracted pulsed Hermite-Gaussian beams in dispersive media

This paper derives and uses the recurrence expressions for the power spectra of diffracted pulsed Hermite-Gaussian （HG） beams in dispersive media to study the spectral anomalies of pulsed HG beams in the far field. Numerical results are given to illustrate the dependence of spectral switches on the pulse parameters, truncation parameter and dispersive property of the medium. The potential application of spectral anomalies of ultrashort pulsed beams in information encoding and transmission is discussed.

Characterization of Face Sheet/Core Debonding Strength in Sandwiched Medium Density Fiberboard

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is a highly competitive wooden material especially in office furniture industry. Damage and failure occur frequently in MDF due to low mechanical properties. In the present work, a modification was performed to enhance fracture properties of MDF. The MDF plate/core was inserted into two layers (face sheet) of glass fiber composite laminates using hand layup technique. Face sheet/core delamination involves the separation of a face sheet from the core material in a sandwich MDF. Therefore, delamination test using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen was carried out. The test measured the debonding fracture toughness (GIC) or separation strength between face sheet material (glass fiber/epoxy laminates) with MDF core material. The test is based on compliance strategy measuring fracture toughness (GIC). It was found that the fracture toughness was increased. Extended finite element model (XFEM) based on virtual crack closer technique (VCCT) was constructed to simulate the delamination behaviors of face sheet/core materials. The model results were in good agreement with the experimental ones.

可见光宽入射角度金属偏振分束光栅的消光比特性研究

设计出一种工作在可见光波段宽入射角度范围具有高消光比的金属偏振分束光栅。采用等效介质理论对金属偏振分束光栅原理进行定性分析,利用严格耦合波理论和时域有限差分法对金属Al光栅进行数值仿真并详细分析了结构参数中周期、高度以及光波长和入射角度等参数对偏振特性的影响。结果表明:当Al光栅占空比为0.5,周期为0.15μm,光栅脊高度为0.15μm时,在0.4~0.7μm波段和45°±10°入射角范围内,该金属偏振光栅对TM波高透射,对TE波高反射,光栅透射消光比平均35 dB,反射消光比平均12 dB,最后对制作的金属偏振光栅进行消光比测量,验证了设计结果的正确性。该研究结果对设计和制备高衍射效率、高消光比、宽波段宽入射角度范围的偏振分束器具有较好的实践指导价值。

中小跨径超宽钢板组合梁桥整孔吊装技术研究

整孔吊装钢主梁是实现中小跨径钢板组合梁桥工厂化、装配化和快速建造的关键技术。已安装跨钢主梁受力变形导致悬臂端偏离竖直拼接面,会影响钢主梁精准拼接和高效施工。以新平河特大桥为例,建立钢主梁挠度理论计算模型,结合ABAQUS数值模拟和现场挠度监测对悬臂位移变形量准确预测,为悬臂拼接提供可靠的数据支持,并给出中小跨径超宽钢板组合梁桥整孔吊装的详细施工方法。结果表明:简化的力学计算模型具有较好的适用性,理论计算挠度值与数值分析结果、现场监测值相吻合;钢主梁悬臂端位移变形量理论计算值和数值计算值分别为88.58 mm和91.87 mm;钢主梁前后起吊点初始高度差以200 mm为宜。新平河特大桥是国内山区首次采用整孔吊装的多主梁钢板组合梁连续桥,可为类似工程实践提供参考。

三维亚音速运动介质中的高斯波束追踪

为了充分考虑介质运动对声传播的影响,建立了一种利用高斯波束法求解亚音速运动介质中的声传播问题的模型.该模型基于高频近似任意马赫数的速度势函数亥姆霍兹方程,采用波束追踪方法,推导了运动介质中的动态射线方程组,进而将偏微分方程转换成常微分方程组的形式.理论表明运动介质中波束的扩展更为复杂,并且声线管束内的能量不一定守恒.将该模型应用于标准问题、水平分层大气次声三维远距离传播问题和墨西哥湾流流域的声传播问题,仿真结果表明,相比于常用的N×2D近似计算方法,运动介质中的高斯波束追踪法充分考虑了介质运动的影响,特别是横风的作用,可以更加精确地计算运动介质中的三维声场;尽管海流的马赫数很小,但是同样会定量地改变声传播,影响会聚区位置,在一些区域考虑海流和不考虑海流的计算结果相差5 d B以上.

水平分层低马赫数运动介质中的声传播

针对海流对水声传播的影响,基于高斯波束追踪方法,利用高频近似的低马赫数亥姆霍兹方程,建立了三维低马赫数运动介质下的声传播模型,并将该模型应用于浅海与深海水平分层介质下的声传播问题。仿真结果表明,海流能定性定量地改变声传播模式。浅海环境下,声速梯度大于流速梯度,导致顺逆流声线反转点的差别随着距离增加而增大;此外声线到达结构也会发生较大改变。深海环境下,流速梯度大于声速梯度,顺流方向表面声道消失,使得表层顺逆流传播损失相差10 dB以上,同时水平分层环境中也会产生三维声传播效应。因此在流速梯度与声速梯度相当甚至更大时,海流对声传播的影响不能被忽略。