Standard Gibbs Energies of Transfer for KBPh_4 from Water to Water+PrOH and Water+TBA Mixtures and the Primary Medium Effects

The standard Gibbs energies of transfer (Δ tr G 0) for potassium tetraphenylborate (KBPh 4) have been studied in the systems of water and water +1 propanol (PrOH) as well as water and water + t butyl alcohol (TBA) at 298.15?K. The results show that -Δ tr G 0 exhibits a complicated changing pattern with the mole fraction of TBA( x (TBA)) or PrOH ( x (PrOH)), and Δ tr G 0 has the a maximum value at x (TBA) = 0.2 or x (PrOH)=0.2. Especially, -Δ tr G 0 of KBPh 4 changes unusually with increasing x (TBA) when x (TBA) < 0.05. The reasons for these changes were analyzed and discussed.

Nuclear in-medium effects on η dynamics in proton–nucleus collisions

The dynamics of the η meson produced in proton-induced nuclear reactions via the decay of N*(1535)has been investigated within the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics transport model.The in-medium modifications of the η production in dense nuclear matter are included in the model,in which an attractive η-nucleon potential is implemented.The impact of the η optical potential on the η dynamics is investigated.It is found that the attractive potential leads to the reduction in high-momentum(kinetic energy) production from the spectra of momentum distributions and inclusive cross sections and increasing the reabsorption process by surrounding nucleons.

Unconventional Medium Effect in K^+ Scattering From ~6Li,^(12)C,^(28)Si and ^(40)Ca

The results of comprehensive microscopic optical model calculations are pres-ented for the K+ scattering from 6Li,12C,28Si and 40Ca at incident momenta 400-800MeV/c.The unconventional medium effect （i.e.the density-dependent correction forthe K+-nucleon scattering amplitude） is considered in two approaches.Both results arein agreement with recent experimental data.The influence of the correction on K+ scat-tering from different nuclei are discussed in detail and only a weak dependence of thein-medium nucleon“swelling”effects on the mass number of target nuclei is found ex-cept for very light loosely-bound nucleus.

A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

Influence of medium effects on the rotating hybrid stars

A hybrid star with a pure quark core,a hadron crust and a mixed phase between the two is considered.The relativistic mean field model for hadron matter and the effective mass bag model for quark matter are used to construct the equation of state for hybrid stars.The influences of medium effects that are parameterized by the strong coupling constant have been discussed on the configuration of rotating stars.The strong coupling constant is a prominent factor that influences the properties of rotating hybrid stars.

Medium effects in ΛK~＋ pair production by 2.83 GeV protons on nuclei

We study ΛK~＋ pair production in the interaction of protons of 2.83 GeV kinetic energy with C, Cu,Ag, and Au target nuclei in the framework of the nuclear spectral function approach for incoherent primary proton–nucleon and secondary pion–nucleon production processes, and processes associated with the creation of intermediate Σ~0K~＋ pairs. The approach accounts for the initial proton and final Λ hyperon absorption, final K~＋ meson distortion in nuclei, target nucleon binding, and Fermi motion, as well as nuclear mean-field potential effects on these processes.We calculate the Λ momentum dependence of the absolute ΛK~＋ yield from the target nuclei considered, in the kinematical conditions of the ANKE experiment, performed at COSY, within the different scenarios for the Λ-nucleus effective scalar potential. We show that the above observable is appreciably sensitive to this potential in the low-momentum region. Therefore, direct comparison of the results of our calculations with the data from the ANKE-at-COSY experiment can help to determine the above potential at finite momenta. We also demonstrate that the two-step pion–nucleon production channels dominate in the low-momentum ΛK~＋ production in the chosen kinematics and, therefore, they have to be taken into account in the analysis of these data.

Medium effect on dielectric relaxation behaviors of 4A zeolite bulk dispersion system

Dielectric spectra of 4A zeolite particles bulked in deionized water（4A/W） or cyclohexane（4A/C） were measured respectively under different temperatures, and two dielectric relaxations were found in both of 4A/W and 4A/C. Because of existence of water molecules in pores, both low and high frequency relaxation times（t LFR and t HFR） of 4A/W decreased more sharply than 4A/C with increasing temperature.According to the temperature dependence of t LFR and t HFR, the activation energies of Na＋interacting with framework under hydrated and dehydrated environments were calculated respectively, and the original properties of Na＋in dehydrated zeolite were obtained by analyzing the dielectric properties of 4A/C.Furthermore, a transient state of Na＋motion with temperature was found in 4A/C system.

Factors influencing pore-pressure prediction in complex carbonates based on effective medium theory

A calculation model based on effective medium theory has been developed for predicting elastic properties of dry carbonates with complex pore structures by integrating the Kuster-Toksǒz model with a differential method.All types of pores are simultaneously introduced to the composite during the differential iteration process according to the ratio of their volume fractions.Based on this model,the effects of pore structures on predicted pore-pressure in carbonates were analyzed.Calculation results indicate that cracks with low pore aspect ratios lead to pore-pressure overestimation which results in lost circulation and reservoir damage.However,moldic pores and vugs with high pore aspect ratios lead to pore-pressure underestimation which results in well kick and even blowout.The pore-pressure deviation due to cracks and moldic pores increases with an increase in porosity.For carbonates with complex pore structures,adopting conventional pore-pressure prediction methods and casing program designs will expose the well drilling engineering to high uncertainties.Velocity prediction models considering the influence of pore structure need to be built to improve the reliability and accuracy of pore-pressure prediction in carbonates.

Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter （PBS） is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis （RCWA） method at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.

Slip effects on shearing flows in a porous medium

This paper deals with the magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow of an Oldroyd 8-constant fluid in a porous medium when no-slip condition is no longer valid. Modified Darcy＇s law is used in the flow modelling. The non-linear differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions is solved numerically using finite difference scheme in combination with an iterative technique. Numerical results are obtained for the Couette, Poiseuille and generalized Couette flows. The effects of slip parameters on the velocity profile are discussed.

Effective Medium Approximation for Nonlinear Composite Media

We build the perturbation expansion method for nonlinear composite media and extend the EMA for nonlinear effective conductivity. Using the solutions of boundary-value problems of a cylindrical in- clusion, we derive formulae for nonlinear effective conductivity.

New assembly route for three-dimensional metamaterials obtained through effective medium theory

In this study, we illustrate the effective medium theories in the designs of three-dimensional composite metama- terials of both negative permittivity and negative permeability. The proposed metamaterial consists of random coated spheres with sizes smaller compared to the wavelength embedded in a dielectric host. Simple design rules and formulas following the effective medium models are numerically and analytically presented. We demonstrate that the revised Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory enables us to design three-dimensional composite metamaterials through the assembly of coated spheres which are random and much smaller than the wavelength of the light. The proposed ap- proach allows for the precise control of the permittivity and the permeability and guides a facile, flexible, and versatile way for the fabrication of composite metamaterials.

Numerical investigation of Dufour and Soret effects on unsteadyMHD natural convection flow past vertical plate embedded innon-Darcy porous medium

The Dufour and Soret effects on the unsteady twodimensional magnetonyaro dynamics （MHD） doublediffusive free convective flow of an electrically conducting fluid past a vertical plate embedded in a nonDarcy porous medium are investigated numeri cally. The governing nonlinear dimensionless equations are solved by an implicit finite difference scheme of the CrankNicolson type with a tridiagonal matrix manipulation. The effects of various parameters entering into the problem on the unsteady dimension less velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are studied in detail. Furthermore, the time variation of the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number is presented and analyzed. The results show that the unsteady velocity, tem perature, and concentration profiles are substantially influenced by the Dufour and Soret effects. When the Dufour number increases or the Soret number decreases, both the skin friction and the Sherwood number decrease, while the Nusselt number increases. It is found that, when the magnetic parameter increases, the velocity and the temperature decrease in the boundary layer.

Bystander effects induced by medium from carbon-ion-irradiated human cancer cells

The bystander effects induced by medium from human hepatoma SMMC-7721 and adenocarcinoma F56 cells irradiated with carbon ions were investigated. It was found that the survival fraction (SF) of the irradiated cells decreased exponentially along with the increased dose. SMMC-7721 cells were more radiosensitive than F56 cells. The plating efficiency (PE) of the non-irradiated cells treated with irradiated conditioned medium (ICM) was obvi-ously lower than the PE of control cells for SMMC-7721 cells but not for F56 cells. Moreover, the reduced PE and SF by ICM treatment were more significant for 1Gy irradiation than for 6Gy irradiation on SMMC-7721 cells. These results suggest that the irradiated cells can secrete factor(s) into medium that is cytotoxic to bystander non-irradiated cells. The bystander effects are dependent on cell genotype presented at the time of irradiation and radiation dose. This makes impact on the precise estimation of the effects of radiation and tumor radiotherapy.

Bistability in a Hybrid Optomechanical System under the Effect of a Nonlinear Medium

We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system consisting of two coupled cavities, one of them is composed of two-end fixed mirrors （called the traditional cavity）, and the other has a one-end oscillating mirror （named as the optomechanical cavity）. A Kerr medium is inside the traditional cavity to enhance the nonlinearity due to the fact that it can cause observing of bistable behavior in intracavity intensity for the optomechanical cavity. The Hamiltonian of the system is written in a rotating frame and its dynamics is described by quantum Langevin equations of motion. Our proposed system exhibits unconventional plots for the mean photon number of the optomechanical cavity which are not observed in previous works. The present results show a deep effect of the Kerr medium on optical bistability of intracavity intensity for the optomechanical cavity. Also, coupling strength of the cavities can effectively change the stability of the system.

Melting heat transfer effects on stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid saturated in porous medium with internal heat generation(absorption)

The effect of melting heat transfer on the two dimensional boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid near a stagnation point embedded in a porous medium in the presence of internal heat generation/absorption is investigated. The governing non-linear partial differential equations describing the problem are reduced to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations solved numerically using the Chebyshev spectral method. Numerical results for velocity, angular velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically and discussed for different values of the inverse Darcy number, the heat generation/absorption parameter, and the melting parameter. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the local skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress, and the local Nusselt number are tabulated and discussed. The results show that the inverse Darcy number has the effect of enhancing both velocity and temperature and suppressing angular velocity. It is also found that the local skin-friction coefficient decreases, while the local Nusselt number increases as the melting parameter increases.

不同储层渗透率下稠油油藏火驱开发特征

储层渗透率直接影响火驱过程中的驱替压差、油墙的形成与聚集速度,明确渗透率对稠油火驱开发的影响规律十分必要。采用自主开发的燃烧管装置和多孔介质热效应监测装置,开展了火驱实验,分析不同渗透率下辽河稠油油藏火驱特征。结果表明:储层渗透率为650×10^(-3)μm^(2)时,火驱过程中各热电偶峰值温度达到550℃,燃烧前缘推进中温度没有下降,说明该渗透率下燃烧过程放热效率高,能够解除燃烧初期的油墙封堵;热效应监测装置能够高效快速地监测由于原油氧化燃烧反应所导致的温度变化,储层渗透率为480×10^(-3)μm^(2)时庙5区稠油燃烧峰值温度比储层渗透率为300×10^(-3)μm^(2)时高107℃,说明渗透率的提高增强了燃烧初期的放热,从而缓解了油墙的封堵效应。研究结果对不同渗透率稠油油藏火驱开发具有理论指导意义。

Effects of Solid Matrix and Porosity of Porous Medium on Heat Transfer of Marangoni Boundary Layer Flow Saturated with Power-Law Nanofluids

The effect of the solid matrix and porosity of the porous medium are first introduced to the study of power-law nanofluids, and the Marangoni boundary layer flow with heat generation is investigated. Two cases of solid matrix of porous medium including glass balls and aluminum foam are considered. The governing partial differential equations are simplified by dimensionless variables and similarity transformations, and are solved numerically by using a shooting method with the fourth-fifth-order Runge-Kutta integration technique. It is indicated that the increase of the porosity leads to the enhancement of heat transfer in the surface of the Marangoni boundary layer flow.

A PRIMARY OBSERVATION OF TPA EFFECT ON SSV-NIH3T3 CELLS IN SERUM-FREE MEDIUM

The effect of TPA, a potent tumor promoter, on SSV-NIH3T3 cells in serum-free medium was investigated. TPA stimulated DNA synthesis of SSV-NIH3T3 cells on the third day of culture in SFM. In SDS-PAGF of medium conditioned by TPA-treated SSV-NIH3T3 cells (in SFM+TPA), the amounts of four proteins of 31.0 Kd, 28.5 Kd, 25.5 Kd and 13.5 Kd strikingly increased over that of non-TPA-treated counterpart (in SFM). The PDGF-like activity was also detected in CM of SFM+TPA. When insulin and EGF were drown off the SFM+TPA (SFM-Ins-EGF+TPA), TPA lost its ability to stimulate DNA synthesis of SSV-NIH3T3 cells on the third day and SDS-PAGE of the conditioned medium showed that the amounts of the four proteins noted above grately reduced. However, cells in SFM-Ins-EGF+TPA were in almost the same growth condition as cells in complete SFM+TPA on the third day of culture. Results were discussed in the paper.

硫酸介质中咪唑-4-甲基亚胺基硫脲对碳钢的缓蚀作用

目的碳钢因其优异的性能被广泛应用于工农业中,为解决碳钢在酸性介质中的腐蚀问题。方法以氨基硫脲和咪唑-4-甲醛为原料合成了Schiff碱化合物咪唑-4-甲基亚胺基硫脲(MIT),采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振谱(NMR)及质谱(EI-MS)表征了其分子结构。将MIT化合物作为H_(2)SO_(4)介质中碳钢的缓蚀剂,分别采用静态失重法、电化学测试及腐蚀形貌分析研究了其在0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能,通过吸附模型、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了MIT分子在碳钢表面的吸附行为,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和分子动力学模拟(MD)方法进行了理论计算研究。结果MIT在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀效率随其添加量的增大而提高,随腐蚀环境温度的提高而下降,293 K下其在0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的最佳质量浓度为240 mg/L,对应的缓蚀效率可达95.4%。MIT是一种混合型缓蚀剂,电化学缓蚀机理可解释为“几何覆盖效应”。在碳钢表面的MIT分子吸附属于化学和物理混合吸附(△G_(ads)^(°)=-31.62 kJ/mol,293K),且服从Langmuir吸附定律。结论MIT可有效抑制碳钢在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的腐蚀,MIT的合成既为H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中碳钢的腐蚀防护开发了一种有效方法,也为其他酸性介质中碳钢缓蚀剂的开发提供了新思路。