Long Term Application of a Vehicle-Based Health Monitoring System to Short and Medium Span Bridges and Damage Detection Sensitivity

Largest portion of the bridge stock in almost any country and bridge owning organisation consists on ordinary bridges that has short or medium spans and are now deteriorating due to aging, etc. Therefore, it is becoming an important social concern to develop and put to practical use simple and efficient health monitoring systems for existing short and medium span (10 - 30 m) bridges. In this paper, one practical solution to the problem for condition assessment of short and medium span bridges was discussed. A vehicle-based measurement with a public bus as part of a public transit system (called “Bus monitoring system”) has been developed to be capable of detecting damage that may affect the structural safety of a bridge from long term vibration measurement data collected while the vehicle (bus) crossed the target bridges. This paper systematically describes how the system has been developed. The bus monitoring system aims to detect the transition from the damage acceleration period, in which the structural safety of an aged bridge declines sharply, to the deterioration period by continually monitoring the bridge of interest. To evaluate the practicality of the newly developed bus monitoring system, it has been field-tested over a period of about four years by using an in-service fixed-route bus operating on a bus route in the city of Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The verification results thus obtained are also described in this paper. This study also evaluates the sensitivity of “characteristic deflection”, which is a bridge (health) condition indicator used by the bus monitoring system, in damage detection. Sensitivity of “characteristic deflection” is verified by introducing artificial damage into a bridge that has ended its service life and is awaiting removal. As the results, it will be able to make a rational long-term health monitoring system for existing short and mediumspan bridges, and then the system helps bridge administrators to establish the rational maintenance strategies.

Analysis of Key Technologies in the Design of Small and Medium Span Basket Type Steel Box Tied Arch Bridge

In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of small and medium span basket type steel box tied arch bridge,this paper takes a practical project as an example to analyze the key technologies in its design process.It is hoped that this analysis can provide corresponding reference for the design and construction of this kind of arch bridge.

Application of modern timber structure in short and medium span bridges in China

A series of problems about Chinese bridges with short and medium span recent years were analyzed in this paper. The necessity and feasibility of modern timber structure applied in short and medium span bridges in China were also put forward. The results showed that the short and medium span bridges had many problems, such as monotonous structural forms, seri- ous environmental pollution, multiple bridge defects and difficulty in maintenance. With the development of connection and maintenance technology of modern timber structure and its ad- vantages of light self-weight, environmental coordination, high carrying capacity, excellent durability and abundant structural forms, it was necessary and feasible to apply modern timber structure in short and medium span bridges in China. More emphasis on the construction of modern timber structure should be conducted to expand its application scopes and improve the construction proportion of short and medium span timber bridges.

考虑材料时变性的服役中小跨径桥梁横向地震响应分析

构件材料性能会随服役时间的增加而退化,并导致桥梁结构抗震性能存在时变性。为探讨不同服役期下中小跨径桥梁抗震性能变化规律,以3跨预应力混凝土连续桥梁为例,通过分析材料力学性能指标时变性,量化不同服役期构件力学分析模型参数,并考虑桥墩、挡块及支座等构件力学性能退化,采用OpenSees软件建立桥梁有限元分析模型。基于非线性时程分析结果,揭示服役中小跨径桥梁横桥向地震响应时变性。研究结果表明,随着服役时间的增加,材料力学性能发生退化,使中小跨径桥梁各构件抗震能力下降;相同水平地震作用下,中小跨径桥梁主梁及挡块位移响应随服役时间的增加而降低,而桥墩损伤程度加剧,构件震害程度与不考虑构件力学性能时变性时相差较大,其中板式橡胶支座刚度及摩擦系数时变性是关键。因此,在服役中小跨径桥梁抗震分析中,有必要同时考虑桥墩、挡块及支座力学性能退化。

中小跨径简支钢板组合梁桥荷载横向分布研究

为评价经典荷载横向分布计算方法对中小跨径简支钢板组合梁桥的适用性,首先利用实桥荷载试验结果,验证了基于ABAQUS软件的三维有限元模拟方法;然后以计算跨径、主梁数量、主梁间距为研究参数,设计了108个分析模型,分别采用修正的刚性横梁法、刚接梁法、G-M法以及有限元法计算荷载横向分布影响线,进而得到单车道和多车道作用下各主梁的荷载横向分布系数;最后基于线性相关系数、横向分布影响线吻合程度指标及横向分布系数相对误差,进行横向分布线性判断及各理论计算方法的误差分析。结果表明:当钢板组合梁桥宽跨比B/L小于0.34时,各主梁在荷载作用下挠曲呈直线变形,即认为钢板组合梁桥B/L<0.34时为窄桥;利用理论计算方法计算横向分布系数时,单车道布载下,当B/L<0.2,宜采用修正刚性横梁法、刚接梁法、G-M法,当0.2<B/L<0.3,宜采用刚接梁法、G-M法,当0.3<B/L<0.75,宜采用G-M法;多车道布载下,当B/L<0.3,宜采用修正刚性横梁法、刚接梁法、G-M法,当0.3<B/L<0.45,宜采用刚接梁法、G-M法,当0.45<B/L<0.75,宜采用G-M法;提出了修正的刚性横梁法、刚接梁法、G-M法计算精度判定条件,控制理论计算结果与有限元计算结果相对误差在10%以内;研究成果可为中小跨径钢板组合梁桥的荷载横向分布计算方法选取提供依据。

圆月形独塔自锚式悬索桥总体设计

随着人们对展现城市地域特色的景观桥梁造型需求的不断增长,由于中等跨径自锚式悬索桥设计独特、极具艺术美感,备受选桥方案的青睐,成为城市地标。案例为圆月形独塔自锚式悬索桥,中等跨度;通过桥梁的方案造型,结构设计、计算分析等方面的简要介绍,为设计同类型的中等跨径自锚式悬桥提供经验借鉴。

设置摩擦摆隔震支座的中小跨径桥梁抗震计算研究

为研究设有摩擦摆隔震支座中小跨径桥梁的抗震性能,基于Midas软件建立跨径25 m、墩高7 m的现浇梁桥模型。采用不同的支座模拟方式,分别计算E1地震下的支座水平力、柱桩强度,E2地震作用下支座工作状态、隔震性能。结果表明:E1地震作用下,设有固定、横向滑动支座的桥墩承担较大水平力,支座横向水平承载力需提高,达到“抗小震”目标;E2地震作用下,支座螺栓剪断,支座、墩柱承受的水平力减小,达到“减大震”的目标;宜设置强度较高、刚度较大的桥墩用于抵抗支座螺栓剪断力。

中小跨径梁桥中组合橡胶支座的减隔震性能分析

地震作用下,中小跨径梁桥所用板式橡胶支座易出现滑动,使墩梁的位移偏大,而组合橡胶支座的耗能能力及位移能力相对高。采用拟静力试验及有限元分析探讨了组合橡胶支座、板式橡胶支座各工况下的地震响应,结果表明:中小跨径梁桥采用组合橡胶支座能够有效防止支座滑动,显著降低了桥墩弯矩与支座位移。

中等跨径变高度连续梁不同施工方案综合分析

中等跨径变高连续梁常用的施工方案有满堂支架现浇法及挂篮悬臂浇筑法等。设计时,需结合现场的施工条件、工期、经济指标等因素,采用合理的施工方案。施工方案的不同,也会影响结构尺寸及钢束的设置。现利用桥梁计算软件“桥梁博士”对同一桥梁在不同施工方案下的受力进行计算分析,并综合对比受力性能、工程造价和施工方案利弊。相关结论对类似桥梁建造工程有借鉴作用。

小宽跨比山区中小跨径桥梁设计要点研究

随着我国基础设施建设的不断推进,山区中小跨径桥梁的设计和施工技术日臻完善。本文在前人研究的基础上,进一步探讨小宽跨比山区中小跨径桥梁设计要点,以期为山区桥梁设计提供更为详尽的参考。

山区低等级公路中小跨径桥梁设计关键问题研究

随着我国公路桥梁建设的不断发展,工程规模不断扩大,对中小跨径桥梁的选择与设计提出了更高的要求。本文首先从地形地质条件、高度跨度关系、结构形式等几个角度,对桥梁的选择与设计进行了论述;其次探讨了上部结构的选取与设计,以及下部结构的选取与设计,以期为更多的工程项目提供参考。

中小跨径、低高度连续箱梁体外预应力加固技术研究

结合某实际中小跨径、低高度连续桥梁结构,对其实施体外预应力加固。当体外索穿越墩顶横梁时,采用高压水切割技术从墩顶开槽的方式,不仅有效地增大体外索的有效高度、提高了体外索的有效性,而且作业空间不受限制,作业范围得到精确控制,作业时无振动,对钢筋(钢束)无损伤,有保护桥梁结构,效率高等优点。加固后桥梁结构扰度、应力改善明显,可为其他类似工程提供参考和借鉴。

中小跨径Y型墩连续刚构桥配束设计研究

配束设计是中小跨径Y型墩连续刚构桥设计的关键工作。墩梁固结的桥墩参与分配主梁内力,配束设计时必须一同考虑主梁、桥墩及基础。采用桥梁博士和Midas Civil软件辅助配束设计,按估算钢束、布置钢束和验算钢束的步骤进行配束设计。研究表明,支架现浇施工的中小跨径Y型墩连续刚构桥可采用通长配束方案;结合钢束估算数量变化规律,依次配置支点梁端、过渡梁段、跨中截面的钢束,通过支点控制截面将合成各个梁段,能有效简化配束设计。

钢混组合梁结构比选及受力分析

对于50 m跨径的钢混组合桥梁,比较了不同结构形式的经济性指标,推荐采用装配式π形组合梁。同时,以工程为依托,介绍了50 m跨钢混组合梁桥的设计。

上跨中低速磁浮营业线的桥梁方案研究

鉴于运营过程中中低速磁浮营业线产生的电磁环境会对上跨桥梁结构以及施工设备或人员产生一定影响,同时二者交叉点附近的既有结构、构筑物、交通环境等会对上跨桥梁方案造成极大的制约。基于现有理论研究及实践结果,通过对长沙机场大道与长沙磁浮快线的交叉节点进行分析,确定了距离磁浮轨道的最小安全施工距离,制定了桥梁上跨方案并验证了该方案的科学性和可行性。通过在方案制定过程中对风险的控制和不利社会影响的规避、实施过程中的试验和监测以及运营过程中的反馈,归纳总结了上跨中低速磁浮营业线桥梁的主要影响因素以及切实可行的对策措施,以期为类似桥梁上跨方案提供参考。

中小跨径桥梁结构健康监测系统轻量化设计方法

从桥梁监测的工程需求出发,深度剖析了中小跨桥梁与大跨径桥梁监测需求的区别,首次提出了中小跨径桥梁结构健康监测系统轻量化设计理念,系统构建了由输入、输出和标定三者组成的监测系统轻量化设计方法和流程,详细阐述了支撑该方法实现所需的系统识别理论、结构分析理论和承载能力评估理论,文末对该方法的未来发展进行了初步展望。该方法为规范中小跨径桥梁结构健康监测技术提供了一条切实可行的思路,推进了桥梁智慧管养的工程实用化进程。

重载并行对中小跨径梁桥可靠度的影响

为研究重载并行作用对中小跨径梁桥可靠度的影响,基于最不利效应提取实测重载数据,对比计算了所有车辆并行概率与重载并行概率,提出了基于随机车队流的重载并行实况模拟方法,分别建立了T梁桥、箱梁桥和空心板梁桥有限元模型,考虑材料性能及截面几何尺寸随机变异性对结构抗力的影响,采用JC法分别计算不同重载并行和主车道单车作用下各主梁的可靠度指标。研究结果表明:重载并行时主梁构件的可靠度指标显著降低,与单车作用相比,可靠度指标最大降低了40%,仅达到规范目标可靠度的50%左右;同时,重载并行对箱型梁桥可靠度的影响最大,各构件的计算可靠度指标为2.3~3.7,相对单车作用降低了23%~40%。

地震作用下基于性能的中小跨径梁桥横向支承约束系统设计优化

支承约束系统对中小跨径梁桥抗震有显著意义,该研究提出一种基于性能的方法优化桥梁的支承约束系统参数。以汶马高速公路中的简支梁桥群组为例,采用铅芯橡胶支座进行桥梁横桥向的抗震性能优化。首先参数化建立桥梁的OpenSees有限元模型,对桥梁支座—挡块组成的支承约束体系的初始设计进行非线性时程分析;由logistic回归得到了以工程需求参数(engineering demand parameter, EDP)为条件的桥梁构件级易损性函数,推导了桥梁的统一系统级性能指标修复成本比(repair cost ratio, RCR),将其作为优化程序的目标函数;利用遗传算法建立了支承约束系统设计参数的优化程序。研究结果表明:在以EDP为条件建立的桥梁构件级易损性函数中,桥墩和支座的损伤概率对不同的支承约束系统设计不敏感,推导的RCR可以涵盖不同的支承约束系统。利用该程序优化了案例桥梁群组的铅芯橡胶支座约束系统设计参数,当支座屈服强度约为(0.16±0.02)倍的桥墩屈服强度,支座屈服后刚度约为(0.054 8±0.008 1)倍的桥墩弹性刚度,挡块与主梁的间距为0.098 m,挡块刚度取为185×104kN/m时,桥墩和支座产生的地震响应能够显著降低桥梁的RCR。

THREE-DIMENSIONAL STATIC ANALYSES FOR FGM PLATES WITH MEDIUM COMPONENTS AND DIFFERENT NET STRUCTURES

A new microelement method for the analyses of functionally graded structures was proposed. The key of this method is the maneuverable combination of two kinds of elements. Firstly, the macro elements are divided from the functionally graded material structures by the normal finite elements. In order to reflect the functionally graded distributions of materials and the microconstitutions in each macro-element, the microelement method sets up the dense microelements in every macro-element, and translates nodes to the same as the normal finite elements by the degrees of freedom of all microelemental the compatibility conditions. This microelement method can fully reflect the micro constitutions and different components of materials, and its computational elements are the same as the normal finite elements, so it is an effective numerical method for the analyses of the functionally graded material structures. The three-dimensional analyses of functionally graded plates with medium components and different micro net structures are given by using the microelement method in this paper. The differences of the stress contour in the plane of functionally graded plates with different net microstructures are especially given in this paper.

中小跨径超宽钢板组合梁桥整孔吊装技术研究

整孔吊装钢主梁是实现中小跨径钢板组合梁桥工厂化、装配化和快速建造的关键技术。已安装跨钢主梁受力变形导致悬臂端偏离竖直拼接面,会影响钢主梁精准拼接和高效施工。以新平河特大桥为例,建立钢主梁挠度理论计算模型,结合ABAQUS数值模拟和现场挠度监测对悬臂位移变形量准确预测,为悬臂拼接提供可靠的数据支持,并给出中小跨径超宽钢板组合梁桥整孔吊装的详细施工方法。结果表明:简化的力学计算模型具有较好的适用性,理论计算挠度值与数值分析结果、现场监测值相吻合;钢主梁悬臂端位移变形量理论计算值和数值计算值分别为88.58 mm和91.87 mm;钢主梁前后起吊点初始高度差以200 mm为宜。新平河特大桥是国内山区首次采用整孔吊装的多主梁钢板组合梁连续桥,可为类似工程实践提供参考。