TUDY OFSTRAIN INDUCED MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION FOR A MEDIUM MANGANE SESTEEL

The distribution of Cand Mn atomsinthe austenitic matrix isheterogeneous,the Mn atoms tendtooccupythefirst neighbour position ofthe Catomsin theaustenite. During deforma tion thethreekindsof martensitearestraininduced , havinginternal magneticfield valuese qualto33 0T, 30 5Tand 28 2Trespectively, andthe martensiteisstraininduced firstin the austenitecontainingless Cand Mn atoms.

Distribution of Inherent Strains and Residual Stressesin Medium Thickness Plate Weldment

A fundamental theory for the analysis of residual welding stresses and deformation based on the inherent strain distribution along the welded joint is introduced. Distribution of inherent strains and longitudinal residual stresses in medium thickness plate weldment is calculated and analyzed. A new method of calculating inherent strains and longitudinal residual stresses is proposed.

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of a Novel HX-Producing Strain and Optimization of Its Fermentation Medium

Hexanoic acid (HX) is a crucial flavor compound and precursor of ethyl caproate (EA), which determines the quality of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor (CLFL). The isolation, purification, identification, and optimization of fermentation conditions of HX-producing bacteria are essential for industrial CLFL production. In this study, one strain of HX-producing bacterium was isolated from six candidate bacterial strains and identified as Clostridium sartagoneforme. Then, the growth characteristics and HX production of C. sartagoneforme were investigated. Sodium acetate medium was identified as the optimal fermentation medium from four candidate media. C. sartagoneforme yielded 800.85 ± 12.87 mg/100mL HX in sodium acetate medium. Then, to further optimize the formula of the fermentation medium, the carbon and nitrogen sources and inorganic salt component of the fermentation medium were investigated using HX yields as an optimization index. Optimization was performed with a single-factor experiment and the Taguchi design method. The single-factor experiment showed that the highest HX outputs were obtained when the sodium acetate medium contained 2.5 g/L yeast extract, 1.8 g/L KCl, 20 g/L sodium acetate, 15 mL/L ethanol, and 1.5 g/L glucose. In the orthogonal experiment designed using the Taguchi design method, HX yields reached 2018.29 ± 46.37 mg/100mL in sodium acetate medium that contained 3.5 g/L yeast extract, 1.8 g/L KCl, 25 g/L sodium acetate, and 15 mL/L ethanol.

中等应变率下纸蜂窝结构的力学性能研究

应用新研制的中应变率实验装置结合激光干涉测速系统完成了纸蜂窝结构的动态加载实验,研究纸蜂窝结构在中应变率下的力学性能;结合高速摄影和数字图像相关方法,得到纸蜂窝结构的变形过程和动态失效机制,并采用数值方法进一步探究其动态失效机制。结果表明:纸蜂窝结构表现出明显的应变率效应;厚度为2.10 mm的纸蜂窝屈服强度明显低于其他3种尺寸,表现出异常尺寸效应,应力-应变曲线下降段也有较大差异。产生异常尺寸效应的主要原因是,随着试样尺寸的增大,纸蜂窝结构的破坏模式发生了变化。中应变率加载过程中,纸蜂窝结构的失效机制为破坏模式的转变—由面外壁屈曲破坏转变为面内剪切破坏。本研究还利用数值模型分析了胞元宽度的变化对结构力学性能的影响,该研究结果对于薄壁结构的优化设计具有很好的参考意义。

气肿疽梭菌C54-1株的制备与检定

为研究气肿疽梭菌C54-1株(CVCC60001)的菌种特性,制备了1批气肿疽梭菌C54-1株,并对菌种的形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性、16S rDNA等进行检定,以及对于该菌的适宜培养基促生长能力等方面进行了比较。实验结果表明,该冻干菌种的形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性均符合《中华人民共和国兽用生物制品规程》二〇〇〇版质量标准的规定。16S rDNA鉴定为气肿疽梭菌,相似度为99.93%。在免疫原性检定中,使用致死剂量攻毒时,免疫组能够4/4被保护,证明该菌明矾苗免疫效果良好。使用商品化梭菌培养基对于该菌培养进行了比对,证实商品化培养基替代厌气肉肝汤的可能性。本研究为气肿疽梭菌的制备和检定提供参考依据,并使用不同培养基进行比对研究,为该菌的稳定培养和疫苗工艺改进提供了研究基础。

产叶酸菌株的筛选及产量的优化

本研究分别从母乳、婴儿粪便、乳制品和酸肉中筛选叶酸生产菌株,并通过培养基优化、代谢途径研究等方法提高叶酸的产量。结果表明,在39株产叶酸菌株中得到4株高产菌株,分别为鼠李糖乳杆菌B2-14(39.56 ng/mL)、双歧杆菌D020(32.56 ng/mL)、罗伊氏乳杆菌B1-28(60.72 ng/mL)、格式乳杆菌F020(61.22 ng/mL)。通过优化培养基条件,叶酸产量可提高50%~70%。在经过条件优化的牛乳培养基中培养,叶酸产量可提高6~10倍。其中,菌株B1-28在牛乳培养基培养后产量达910 ng/mL。分析产叶酸路径的一些指标及相关代谢基因,探究叶酸合成途径指标的变化及其机理,从而研制出有利于人群叶酸摄入的乳制品。

Ti6321钛合金焊接接头高温-中应变率力学性能及微观组织

采用Gleeble热模拟试验机对焊接接头不同区域进行了高温-中应变率压缩试验,研究了焊接接头不同区域组织对其力学性能的影响,分析了温度和应变率对其变形过程的影响。结果表明,在高温-中应变率压缩时,热影响区强度最高,母材区较差,焊缝区强度最差。高温下(350℃和550℃),随应变率增加(1s^(-1)和10s^(-1)),变形主导因素由应变硬化效应转变为热软化效应。母材绝热剪切敏感性较低,在高温-中应变率压缩变形时沿剪应力最大方向发生大范围晶粒协调变形。由于热影响区组织均匀,应变率的增加相对于温度的增加,更能促进热影响区绝热剪切带的生成。焊缝区压缩时,应力易于在晶界处集中,此时温度对其压缩变形时绝热剪切带的生成更为有利。

富铁酿酒酵母菌株的选育及其培养条件优化

【目的】分离鉴定高效富铁酿酒酵母菌株,优化其培养基组分和发酵条件。【方法】从果园根际土壤中分离选育耐铁酿酒酵母菌,对其进行形态学、生理生化分析和26 S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定;采用单因素试验,分别设置不同碳源种类(葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、麦芽糖)、氮源种类(硫酸铵、酵母膏、蛋白胨、尿素)及不同质量浓度Fe^(2+)(100,200,300,…,1000,1200,1600,2000μg/mL)、碳源(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 g/L)、氮源(无机氮源2,4,6,8,10,20 g/L;有机氮源4,8,12,16,20,24,28 g/L)、无机盐(MgSO4·7H2O 0.3,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 g/L;KH2PO40.5,1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5 g/L)的培养基进行试验,探究不同培养基组分对酿酒酵母富铁能力的影响。采用单因素试验研究温度(26,28,30,32,34,36,38℃)、初始pH值(3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0,5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5)、接种量(2%,4%,6%,8%,10%,12%)、转速(140,160,180,200,220 r/min)、装液量(250 mL三角瓶中分别装20,30,40,50,60,70 mL)对酿酒酵母富铁能力的影响。选择温度、初始pH值、接种量、转速进行L9(34)正交试验设计,获得最佳发酵培养条件,并进行验证试验。【结果】从三叶木通果园土壤中分离鉴定获得1株耐铁酿酒酵母菌株ZY-JM16,通过单因素试验,获得该菌株最优培养基组成为:蔗糖50 g/L、尿素4 g/L、酵母膏24 g/L、KH_(2)PO_(4)2.5 g/L、MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 0.5 g/L、Fe^(2+)900μg/mL(FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 4.5 g/L);通过单因素试验和正交试验优化,发现该菌株高富铁率最佳发酵条件为:起始pH值4.8、温度28℃、转速180 r/min、接种量6%、装液量50 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),发酵时间为40 h。在此条件下,该菌株铁富集率达到91.80%,较优化前提高了229.27%;菌体生物量达13.06 g/L,较优化前提高了59.07%。【结论】获得1株高效富铁酿酒酵母菌ZY-JM16,对其培养条件进行了优化,明晰了其生长规律。

Study on Optimization of Culture Conditions for Wild Isaria cicadae Miquel Liquid Strain

[Objectives] To study the effect of different culture conditions on the growth of wild I. cicadae Miq. liquid strain. [Methods]The I. cicadae Miq. strain was inoculated into the liquid culture medium with different carbon sources,nitrogen sources,micronutrients and p H,cultured in the constant temperature shaking incubator with rotating speed of 120 r/min at 19℃,and the mycelium pellet diameter,density and weight were compared between different treatments. [Results] The results showed that the optimum components of I. cicadae Miq.strain liquid included soluble starch,milk powder and vitamin B_(12),and the optimum p H was 5. 0-6. 0. [Conclusions] Soluble starch was the most suitable carbon source for the culture medium of I. cicadae Miq. liquid strain; milk powder was the most suitable nitrogen source for the culture medium of I. cicadae Miq. liquid strain; the most suitable p H was 5. 0-9. 0 for the mycelial growth of I. cicadae Miq.; the formula and mixture ratio of the optimum culture medium for the growth of liquid strain were determined.

中等应变速率轧制制备多尺度混晶镁合金工艺及组织性能

为了研究中等应变速率轧制下AZ31镁合金的组织演变过程和力学性能,获得同时提升强度和塑性的优良轧制工艺,对均匀化铸态AZ31镁合金进行平均应变速率分别为1.9 s^(-1)、4.8 s^(-1)和7.8 s^(-1),变形温度分别为370℃、410℃和460℃,下压量为75%的中等应变速率轧制,并构建嵌入式混晶结构的增塑模型。结果表明:中等应变速率轧制可制备多尺度混晶镁合金板材,410℃时可形成粗晶镶嵌在多层细晶中的嵌入式结构组织,在(410℃、4.8 s^(-1))时可形成细晶、中等晶粒和粗晶占比均匀并夹极少量超细晶和粗大晶粒的嵌入式结构组织;在410℃时轧制板材具有较好的强度和塑性匹配,尤其是在(410℃、4.8 s^(-1))时的轧制板材强度和塑性最为均衡,抗拉强度达279.4 MPa、伸长率达21.2%;相较于高应变速率轧制的细晶镁合金轧板,中等应变速率轧制的多尺度混晶组织镁合金轧板的强度明显提高,最大提高了19.7%,伸长率亦有提高;在410℃时轧制板材以韧性断裂为主,其他以韧-脆性断裂为主;微观组织为粗晶镶嵌在多层细晶中的嵌入式结构相比其他混晶结构具有更好的塑性。

Effect of Heat Treatment Processes on the Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel

The importance of various form of heat treatment operations on medium carbon steel in order to forester the problem that may arise in making a wrong choice of these steel materials or faulty heat treatment operations which may give rise to serious disruption in terms of human safety, higher cost and untimely failure of the machine components is of great concern. The mechanical properties such as ductility, toughness, strength, hardness and tensile strength can easily be modified by heat treating the medium carbon steel to suit a particular design purpose. Tensile specimens were produced from medium carbon steel and were subjected to various forms of heat treatment processes like annealing, normalizing, hardening and tempering. The stiffness, ductility, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of the heat treated samples were observed from their stress-strain curve. The value of the yield strength (σy) was observed to be higher for the tempered specimen possibly as a result of the grain re-arrangement, followed by the hardened, normalized and annealed specimens. The value of the ultimate tensile strength (σu) were also observed to be in the order;hardened> tempered>normalized>annealed.

A revisit of strain-rate frequency superposition of dense colloidal suspensions under oscillatory shears

Strain-rate frequency superposition(SRFS) is often employed to probe the low-frequency behavior of soft solids under oscillatory shear in anticipated linear response. However, physical interpretation of an apparently well-overlapped master curve generated by SRFS has to combine with nonlinear analysis techniques such as Fourier transform rheology and stress decomposition method. The benefit of SRFS is discarded when some inconsistencies of the shifted master curves with the canonical linear response are observed. In this work, instead of evaluating the SRFS in full master curves, two criteria were proposed to decompose the original SRFS data and to delete the bad experimental data. Application to Carabopol suspensions indicates that good master curves could be constructed based upon the modified data and the high-frequency deviations often observed in original SRFS master curves are eliminated. The modified SRFS data also enable a better quantitative description and the evaluation of the apparent structural relaxation time by the two-mode fractional Maxwell model.

红托竹荪菌种快速分离培养基优化

通过对红托竹荪快速分离培养基优化,提高红托竹荪菌种分离与评价效率。采用响应面分析法,以菌种生长速度为响应值拟合二次多元回归方程,确定培养基配方;测定优化培养基与PDA对照培养基菌丝生长速度和菌丝直径,以菌丝形态、锁状联合和菌落形态等指标评价优化培养基;测定优化培养基与PDA培养基培养菌丝在木屑培养基中菌丝生长速度,验证应用效果。通过试验,筛选出快速分离培养基配方为葡萄糖20.71 g/L、全麦粉8.36 g/L、玉米粉8.07 g/L、琼脂粉18.00 g/L、木屑水1.06 L。快速分离培养基与PDA培养基对比,培养的菌落直径平均增加66.25%,快速分离培养基菌丝日平均生长速度增加33.33%,木屑培养基菌丝日平均生长速度增加44.22%。由于优化培养基中含有淀粉、纤维素等有效成分,其刺激了菌种分泌淀粉酶、纤维素酶等,维持了胞外酶系的完整性。还可根据菌丝培养基过程形成的透明圈大小判定菌种胞外酶产生能力,达到快速评价菌种质量,保障菌种质量的目的。

一株清酒乳杆菌的分离、鉴定及培养基优化

从传统食品谷物发酵液中筛选出1株乳杆菌,通过生理生化试验与菌落和菌株形态观察以及16S rRNA测序鉴定为清酒乳杆菌。以MRS培养基为基础培养基,活菌数为指标,改变基础培养基组成的成分及添加量,在此基础上,通过响应面优化培养基组成。结果表明最优培养基组成为鱼蛋白胨14.50 g/L、酵母浸粉6.50 g/L、葡萄糖28.00 g/L、柠檬酸三铵1.50 g/L、磷酸二氢钾2.00 g/L、硫酸镁0.20 g/L、硫酸锰0.12 g/L、吐温-80 1.20 mL/L,此条件下,活菌数达到3.125×10^(9) CFU/mL,相比MRS发酵培养基活菌数(1.980×10^(8) CFU/mL)提高了1 478.28%。该优化培养基具有活菌数高和经济方便的特点,为清酒乳杆菌的工业化生产提供借鉴。

Study on Relation Between Dynamic Pattern of Regional Vertical Strain Rate and Several Strong Earthquakes such as Lijiang(M_s7.0)and Menyuan(M_s6.4)Earthquakes

Making use of the method of obtaining regional vertical strain rate from regional preciseleveling data and gaining dynamic pattern combining with deformation data on spanningfaults, the regional vertical strain dynamic evolution characteristics of several moderatelystrong earthquakes such as Lijiang (M_s 7.0) and Menyuan (M_s 6.4) earthquakes occurredin crustal deformation monitoring areas located in the western Yunnan and Qilianshan-Hexiregion. Based on the above-mentioned facts, by studying the time-space nonhomogeneity andstrain energy accumulation status, some criteria for judging the medium. and short-termstrong seismic risk regions according to the regional vertical strain rate dynamic informationare proposed.

普鲁兰多糖产生菌出芽短梗霉的紫外诱变及其培养基优化

为进一步提高普鲁兰多糖的产量,该文以出芽短梗霉CGMCC 3337为研究对象,通过紫外诱变获得一株性状稳定的高产普鲁兰多糖突变株UV-10,普鲁兰多糖产量稳定在(75.28±0.79)g/L,在此基础上通过单因素、响应面等试验探究高产普鲁兰多糖的最适培养基及条件。结果表明:与出发菌株相比产量提高了25.26%。通过单因素及响应面试验得到最适培养基组成:蔗糖150 g/L,牛肉粉4.17 g/L,MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 0.76 g/L,K_(2)HPO_(4)8.58 g/L,FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 0.03 g/L。优化后培养基多糖产量达到97.6 g/L,与优化前相比提高了26.8%。

递进式凸轮加载的中等应变率实验技术

研制了一种可以实现多次加载的凸轮递进式中应变率压缩实验系统。该实验装置采用伺服电机驱动蓄能飞轮转动,后蓄能飞轮带动加载凸轮压缩加载杆的方法,实现对试样中应变率的压缩;同时在一级压缩即将结束时步进电机迅速推动蓄能飞轮贴近加载凸轮,实现多级压缩。试样的动态压缩载荷通过两侧杆上粘贴的应变片所记录的应变信号得到;试样变形过程通过激光干涉测速系统测得的试样两侧杆端的运动速度信号得到。以纸蜂窝试样为例,基于研制的中应变率实验系统,并结合高速摄影图片,研究了厚度10 mm、直径14.5 mm的纸蜂窝试样在应变率3.5 s^(−1)下的动态压缩力学性能,得到了单级压缩和两级压缩过程中纸蜂窝试样的应力-应变曲线和变形过程,并讨论了该实验系统的可靠性。此实验系统可以实现多级递进式中应变率加载;纸蜂窝试样在中等应变率下的峰值强度和平台应力对高应变率下的动态压缩实验数据和低应变率下的准静态实验数据进行了较好地衔接;试样的失效模式主要为准弹性变形后的外壁屈曲和面内剪切。

基于电磁加载的新型中应变率动态拉伸测试系统与试验方法

以轻金属和复合材料为代表的新型航空航天结构材料在中应变率环境下的动态力学行为和相关失效机理研究受到越来越多的关注。为了充分探究新型结构材料性能与应变率之间的对应关系,在电磁铆接系统的基础上研发了一种可以实现中应变率动态拉伸测试的新型试验系统,为金属和复合材料及其连接结构进行动态性能测试提供了一种科学高效的试验方法。首先介绍了电磁加载装置的基本原理和功能特点,分别对加载系统、控制系统和数据采集系统进行了详细说明;其次介绍了动态加载测试过程不同参数下对应力学响应的变化及其重复试验下的一致性结果,进而验证了整个测试系统的稳定性和可靠性;最后采用该系统测试了不同应变率下2024–T6铝合金的力学特性。测试结果表明,电磁加载动态拉伸测试系统可以准确地反映出应变率变化对2024–T6铝合金性能的影响,这为新型航空材料进行服役环境下的结构安全性研究提供了有力的技术支撑。

中等应变速率下粉末冶金Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W合金高温轧制的变形机理

采用SEM和TEM对在高温中等应变速率包套轧制后的Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W(摩尔分数,%)合金显微组织进行了研究。结果表明:当轧制温度为1270℃,道次变形量为30%且总变形量达到83%时,板材未出现明显裂纹。中等应变速率下轧制板材中出现了大量变形孪晶,部分变形孪晶甚至穿越相邻晶粒进入下一个晶粒。变形后的合金组织晶界处发现大量弥散分布在晶界的β相,且发生了明显的动态再结晶。层片组织的变形机理主要为变形孪生与弯曲,在强弯曲区域发生了层片组织的球化,这种球化是动态再结晶的早期特征。Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W合金在中等应变速率轧制下的变形机制为孪生以及动态再结晶。

高强汽车中锰钢的热压缩变形行为研究

目的为第三代汽车中锰钢工业化生产的加工工艺制定提供参考。方法采用Gleeble-3800型热力模拟试验机对汽车用中锰钢进行了变形温度900~1150℃、应变速率0.1~20 s^(-1)的热压缩变形处理(变形量为50%),基于不同热压缩变形条件下的应力应变数据建立中锰钢的流变应力本构方程,并对本构方程进行应变补偿,验证考虑应变补偿的流变应力本构方程预测值与试验结果的一致性。结果应变速率不变时,中锰钢的峰值应力随着变形温度的升高逐渐减小;变形温度不变时,中锰钢的峰值应力随着应变速率的增大整体逐渐增大。在变形温度900~1150℃、应变速率0.1~20 s^(-1)的条件下,汽车用中锰钢考虑应变补偿的流变应力的散点预测值与实测值吻合较好;进行应变补偿处理后,汽车用中锰钢流变应力本构方程的相关系数为0.986,绝对平均误差3.36%,相较于未考虑应变补偿的流变应力本构方程,考虑应变补偿后相关系数变大,绝对平均误差变小。结论考虑应变补偿的流变应力本构方程可以对汽车用中锰钢热压缩变形过程中的流变行为进行准确预测。