Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regulation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory

The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.

Analysis of Forecast and Early Warning of Flood in Medium and Small Rivers

Flooding of small and medium rivers is caused by environmental factors like rainfall and soil loosening.With the development and application of technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data,the disaster supervision and management of large river basins in China has improved over the years.However,due to the frequent floods in small and medium-sized rivers in our country,the current prediction and early warning of small and medium-sized rivers is not accurate enough;it is difficult to realize real-time monitoring of small and medium-sized rivers,and it is also impossible to obtain corresponding data and information in time.Therefore,the construction and application of small and medium-sized river prediction and early warning systems should be further improved.This paper presents an analysis and discussion on flood forecasting and early warning systems for small and medium-sized rivers in detail,and corresponding strategies to improve the effect of forecasting and early warning systems are proposed.

Clinical outcome of medium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma treated with microwave ablation

AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of patients withmedium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who underwent percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA).METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a single medium-sized HCC who underwent percutaneous MWA from January 2010 to January2013.Technical success,technical effectiveness and complications were subsequently observed.Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to each variable.The relative prognostic significance o f t h e va r i a b l e s fo r p re d i c t i n g ove ra l l s u r v i va l rate,recurrence-free survival rate and local tumor recurrence(s)was assessed using univariate analysis.All variables with a P value<0.20 were subjected to multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The study included 182 patients(mean age,58 years;age range:22-86 years)with a single HCC(mean size,3.72±0.54 cm;range:3.02-5.00cm).The estimated technical effectiveness rate was93%in 182 patients.The major complication rate was2.7%(5/182),including liver abscess in 4 cases,and abdominal bleeding at the puncture site in 1 case.Thirty-day mortality rate was 0.5%(1/182).One patient died due to liver abscess-related septicemia.Cumulative recurrence-free survival and overall survival(OS)rates were 51%,36%,27%and 89%,74%,60%at 1,2,and 3 years,respectively.Age(P=0.017)and tumor diameter(P=0.029)were independent factors associated with local tumor recurrence.None of the factors had a statistically significant impact on recurrence-free survival.Serum albumin level(P=0.009)and new lesion(s)(P=0.029)were independently associated with OS.CONCLUSION:Percutaneous MWA is a relatively safe and effective treatment for patients with medium-sized HCC.

Motifs and Impediments for the Harmonization of Accounting Regulations for Small and Medium-Sized Companies in the EU

Small and medium-sized companies in most EU countries form a considerable share in the total number of companies and are also an important development impeller of the entire economy. Therefore, one of the most essential goals of accounting authorities in the EU is accomplishing the harmonization of accounting regulations for these companies. In this paper, the author have discussed and explained the main motifs and impediments for this harmonization. One of the main motifs is a big span and complexity of international standards of financial reports which is allowed and even prescribed in many countries. Some of the main impediments are a lack of uniformity as far as criteria for classification of small and medium-sized companies according to size are concerned as well as the determining of limitations up to which the requirements in accounting standards for small and medium-sized companies should be set.

Assessment of sediment connectivity using modelling and field-based approaches in the Slavíč River catchment(MoravskoslezskéBeskydy Mts,Czech Republic)

Mountain streams act as conveyors of sediments within the river continuum,where the physical transport of sediments between river reaches through the catchment or between individual parts(e.g.,between hillslopes and channels)of the catchment is assumed.This study focused on sediment connectivity analysis in the SlavíčRiver catchment in the MoravskoslezskéBeskydy Mts in the eastern part of the Czech Republic.The connectivity index and connectivity index target modelling were combined with an analysis of anthropogenic interventions.Additionally,field mapping,grain size of bed sediments and stream power analysis were used to obtain information about connectivity in the catchment.Based on the analysis and obtained results,terrain topography is the current main driving factor affecting the connectivity of sediment movement in the SlavíčRiver catchment.However,the modelling provided valuable information about high sediment connectivity despite different recent land use conditions(highly forested area of the catchment)than those in historical times from the 16th to 19th centuries when the SlavíčRiver catchment was highly deforested and sediment connectivity was probably higher.The analysis of anthropogenic interventions,field mapping,grain size of bed sediments and stream power analysis revealed more deceleration of sediment movement through the catchment,decreased sediment connectivity with bed erosion,and gradual river channel process transformation in some reaches.Field mapping has identified various natural formations and human-induced changes impacting the longitudinal and lateral connectivity in the SlavíčRiver.For instance,embankments along 48%of the river's length,both on the right and left banks,significantly hinder lateral sediment supply to the channel.Stream power index analysis indicates increased energy levels in the flowing water in the river's upper reaches(up to 404.8 W m^(-2)).This high energy is also observed in certain downstream sections(up to 337.6 W m^(-2)),where it is influenced by human activities.These conditions lead to intensified erosion processes,playing a crucial role in sediment connectivity.Similar observations were described in recent studies that pointed out the long-term human interventions on many streams draining European mountains,where a decrease in sediment connectivity in these streams is linked with sediment deficits and the transformation of processes forming channels.

Study on Factors Influencing the Reliability of the Organization Management Chain of the Large and Medium-Sized Project in the Construction Period

On the basis of analyzing the reliability of the organization’ management chain of the large and medium- sized project in the construction period, the paper studies the factors influencing the reliability of the organi-zation management chain, which, corresponding to four elements of management chain – “Management Loop”, “Management Link”, “Management Chain”, and “Management Network”, can be summarized as project main body, interface management, connection sequence and management model. The paper then re-searches on the specific influencing factors from the above-mentioned four aspects.

Mechanism of Interaction between Entrepreneurial Spirit and Growth of Small and Medium Sized Private Enterprises

In the context of government appeal of " mass entrepreneurship and innovation",all areas launched the movement of " mass entrepreneurship" and " grassroots entrepreneurship". As parts of vitality of China's market economy,small and medium sized private enterprises become grassroots of market competition in talents,funds,and technologies. This paper combined three levels of entrepreneurial spirit and small and medium sized private enterprises,studied acting mechanism of entrepreneurial spirit,discussed competitive power of small and medium sized private enterprises,and recommended that small and medium sized private enterprises should cultivate core competitive power,adapt to external environment,and create external environment support,to realize sound development.

Mechanism of Impact of Entrepreneurial Spirit on the Development of Small and Medium-sized Private Enterprises in China

As a necessary factor for a successful business,entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation,a large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises have emerged in all walks of life in China. This paper examines the differences in the definition of entrepreneurial spirit by different scholars,the influence of Chinese entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises,the origin of the spirit of private entrepreneurs with Chinese characteristics,and the disadvantages of the spirit of small and medium-sized private entrepreneurs in China. It is necessary to further improve entrepreneurial spirit to contribute to the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises and help China to build the national economic system.

Medium Sized Stocky Titanosaur from South Asia

Recently, four coexisted titanosaurs from latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Lameta Formation of Indo-Pakistan are recognized as Isisaurus and Pakisaurus of large-sized slender pakisaurids, Saraikimasoom and Gspsaurus of the smallest and medium sized transversely stocky gspsaurids. Gspsaurus pakistani based on associated skull (with conical teeth tapering gradually from base to tip), vertebral and appendicular elements found from Alam 19 locality of Vitakri area, Barkhan district, Balochistan, Pakistan, South Asia. Gspsaurus bears sufficient skeletal elements and can be used for evolutionary studies.

Distribution and exploration direction of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium and large sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of medium-and large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around Central Sichuan, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.

Causes and Laws of Floods in Small and Medium Rivers in Jiangxi Province

The main causes of floods in small and medium rivers in Jiangxi Province are meteorological factors,rainstorm factors and topographic factors.Based on the data of more than 600 floods from 19 hydrological stations in small and medium rivers in Jiangxi Province,the characteristics of floods in small and medium rivers are analyzed. The results show that the floods in small and medium rivers in Jiangxi Province had characteristics of strong seasonality,high frequency and strong suddenness,and were mainly local floods;rainstorm floods during May-June lasted for a long term,and had double peaks,multi-peaks or a single peak with a long duration. During July-September,floods usually had a single peak,and the duration was relatively short.

Investigation and Analysis of Henan Province Focused on Small and Medium-sized Private Enterprises Financial Present Situation

China’s small and medium-sized private enterprises plays a very important role in the process of development of the national economy in, to the development of the national economy also plays a vital role, but with the development of the times, small and medium-sized private enterprises funds, technology, personnel and other contradictions have become increasingly prominent. China’s small and medium-sized private enterprises to want to, in the face of intense competition today, seeking a seat on the development, dredge fi nancing channel is the most important, he can affect the enterprise production and management, foreign investment and the adjustment of the capital structure. So properly solve the enterprise fi nancing problems is of great signifi cance. Henan Province as a new rising big province, its economic potential without limit, in this paper, based on the fi nancing situation of small and medium-sized private enterprises in Henan Province and fi nancing diffi cult problem of, and combined with related literature, to explain its existing problems and analysis to explore the related reasons, the proposed for solving measures.

The Research and Analysis to the Financing Dilemma and Countermeasures of China＇s Medium and Small Sized High-tech Enterprises

The Financing problem of Medium and small Sized High-tech Enterprises is the key point to enterprises＇ survival and development. Firstly it is pointed out that the difficulty in financing is due to without enough emphasis on Medium and Small Sized High-tech Enterprises, without sound targeted laws and regulations, the imperfect credit guarantee system, and corporate governance structure problem of the enterprise Then, according to the problems existing in the financing of China＇s Medium and Small Sized High-tech Enterprises, the assay put forward several countermeasures which have referential value.

PERFORMANCE-DRIVEN BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED-ENTERPRISES

Based on the analysis of the common limitations of business processmanagement (BPM) methodologies and the requirements of small and medium sized-enterprises (SMEs),the importance of a 'performance construct' of BPM methodologies is identified, a six-phaseperformance-driven BPM methodology for the production and operation processes of Chinese SMEs isdeveloped. A case study on the process management of a medium-sized enterprise shows a successfulexample of running the methodology.

Analysis on Profit Quality of Small and Medium-sized Agricultural Enterprises:A Case Study of YM Industrial Co.,Ltd in Guang'an City of Sichuan Province

For a long time, under the influence of system and environment and other factors, some small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in China only seek growth of profit in quantity, but neglect the growth of profit in quality, leading to low profit quality. This study reasonably defines the concept of profit quality of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, and expounds general characteristics of high quality profit. On the basis of general factors influencing profit quality of enterprises, it builds indicator system for evaluating the profit quality of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises. Also, it conducts an empirical analysis on profit quality of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises with YM Industrial Co., Ltd in Guang'an City of Sichuan Province as an example.

Sustainable Development Research in Chinese Medium-Sized City Based on SLEUTH

Compared with megacity, the medium-sized city is playing a more and more important part in the rapid urbanization process in China. Due to the expanding scale of the medium-sized city, urban growth is sprawl and this way leads to ecological, social and environment problems that are unsustainable. To measure the urban growth of the medium sized city, cellular automata (CA) model is employed. CA has proven to be a popular and effective modeling approach to investigate dynamic urban growth systems and for evaluating the impacts of possible policy options. We use the SLEUTH model, which is a well known CA model, to simulate the future urban growth of Huaian, Jiangsu province of China. The results confirm the value of SLEUTH which provides a rich exploratory of knowledge for evaluating the effects of possible decision-making in local government.

Study on Electronic Commerce Maturity of Small and Medium-sized Agricultural Enterprises

This article advances the concept of electronic commerce maturity of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises,and establishes the indicator system of electronic commerce maturity of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises.This indicator system includes 4 first-level indicators(infrastructure,transaction process,operation management,and transaction safety),which are divided into 11 second-level indicators(hardware equipment,computer network,e-procurement,logistics distribution,supply chain management,customer relationship management,and payment security).We use analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to determine the weight of indicator at all levels,and establish fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematical model of electronic commerce maturity of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises.Finally,through examples,we verify the rationality and reliability of evaluation method of electronic commerce maturity of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises combining analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

Analysis on the financing strategies of small and medium sized clothing enterprises under the Internet financial model

Small and medium sized clothing enterprises have become an important force to promote China＇s economic transformation. But the shortage of funds in the development of small and medium sized clothing enterprises is still a major problem. The development of Intemet financial model is of great significance to the small and Medium Sized Clothing Enterprises .It is helpful to solve the problems of information asymmetry, credit rationing and high loan cost in the financing of small and medium sized clothing enterprises..In many financial models on the interne＇., to our vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises provide convenient services, but in the face of this model using diffcrent opinions, and there is no pertinence, for most of the enterprises are usually similar situation was a summary and recommendations, there are a handful of targeted research ,This research is for research, in order to solve the financing problems of China＇s small and medium-sized garment enterprises countermeasures were studied to find a suitable China＇s small and medium-sized garment enterprises financing path with, for small and medium-sized garment enterprises in the capital needs of the guiding role, for the enterprise to avoid financial risk. the lnternet financial model to solve the financing problem of small and medium-sized garment enterprises play the important role, we should expand Internet banking, so that more small and medium-sized garment enterprises get better development.

The Research on the Status of Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises of County in the Dominant Industry of Shaanxi County Economy

The thesis analyzes the role of small-and-medium-sized enterprises of county in promoting county economy:the small-and-medium-sized enterprises of county become the material basis of developing production and boosting county economy;the small-and-medium-sized enterprises of county become the main channel of increasing farmers' job opportunities and realizing affluent life;the development of the small-and-medium-sized enterprises of county become the propeller of development of urbanization and county economy;the development of the small-and-medium-sized enterprises of county creates excellent conditions for the construction of modern agriculture.The thesis indicates that the low level of county industrialization is the principal factor impeding the county economy of Shaanxi Province and it also analyzes the opportunities and challenges when quickening the development of county industry.The countermeasures of developing small-and-medium-sized enterprises are put forward as follows:raise the awareness and determine the concept of using industry to make county powerful;build scientific planning and outline of county enterprise development to propel the innovation of developing and operating system of county enterprise;create beneficial conditions and reinforce the degree of county enterprise support entrepreneurship;take the park construction as vehicle and reinforce the degree of attracting investments from overseas;take the autonomous innovation as the impetus and develop the recycling economy;improve and optimize the service environment so as to create an excellent investment environment for enterprise.