Screening, Treatment and Control of High Blood Pressure on Five Sites in Mali

Introduction: High blood pressure is defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg for systolic and or 90 mm Hg for diastolic. It constitutes a major public health problem, the leading chronic disease in the world. The objective was to determine the prevalence, treatment rate and control of hypertension. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study which took place over a period of 6 months in a hospital environment and in the general population. Results: Of the 1000 participants, 637 had hypertension, giving a prevalence of 63.70% with a female predominance. Thirty-three percent (33%) were unaware of their high blood pressure. The age group 60 and more was the most represented (44%). A proportion of 33 and 23.20 were overweight and obese participants, respectively. Male subjects were more overweight than female, unlike obesity which was more common among female subjects. Sixty-two percent (62%) of hypertensives were treated, of whom 44% were non-compliant. The excessively high cost and consumption of medications as needed were the main factors in therapeutic non-compliance. Twenty-two percent (22%) of all hypertensive patients and 35% of treated hypertensive patients were controlled. Women were more treated but less observant and less controlled than men. Therapeutic coverage and combination therapy rates were lower in rural areas. Hypertensives who had a high level of education were better treated and controlled than those who had no level. Conclusion: High blood pressure remains a real public health problem in Mali. It is more common in people aged 60 and over and in females. One in three hypertensives were unaware of their hypertension. The majority received antihypertensive treatments, but only a minority of them had their hypertension controlled.

A personalized electronic textile for ultrasensitive pressure sensing enabled by biocompatible MXene/ PEDOT:PSS composite

Flexible,breathable,and highly sensitive pressure sensors have increasingly become a focal point of interest due to their pivotal role in healthcare monitoring,advanced electronic skin applications,and disease diagnosis.However,traditional methods,involving elastomer film-based substrates or encapsulation techniques,often fall short due to mechanical mismatches,discomfort,lack of breathability,and limitations in sensing abilities.Consequently,there is a pressing need,yet it remains a significant challenge to create pressure sensors that are not only highly breathable,flexible,and comfortable but also sensitive,durable,and biocompatible.Herein,we present a biocompatible and breathable fabric-based pressure sensor,using nonwoven fabrics as both the sensing electrode(coated with MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate[PEDOT:PSS])and the interdigitated electrode(printed with MXene pattern)via a scalable spray-coating and screen-coating technique.The resultant device exhibits commendable air permeability,biocompatibility,and pressure sensing performance,including a remarkable sensitivity(754.5 kPa^(−1)),rapid response/recovery time(180/110 ms),and robust cycling stability.Furthermore,the integration of PEDOT:PSS plays a crucial role in protecting the MXene nanosheets from oxidation,significantly enhancing the device's long-term durability.These outstanding features make this sensor highly suitable for applications in fullrange human activities detection and disease diagnosis.Our study underscores the promising future of flexible pressure sensors in the realm of intelligent wearable electronics,setting a new benchmark for the industry.

Binding Energies of Screened Excitons in a Strained(111)-Oriented Zinc-Blende GaN/AlGaN Quantum Well Under Hydrostatic Pressure

We investigate the binding energies of excitons in a strained （111）-oriented zinc-blende GaN/Al0.3 Ga0.7 N quantum well screened by the electron-hole （e-h） gas under hydrostatic pressure by combining a variational method and a selfconsistent procedure. A built-in electric field produced by the strain-induced piezoelectric polarization is considered in our calculations. The result indicates that the binding energies of excitons increase nearly linearly with pressure,even though the modification of strain with hydrostatic pressure is considered, and the influence of pressure is more apparent under higher e-h densities. It is also found that as the density of an e-h gas increases,the binding energies first increase slowly to a maximum and then decrease rapidly when the e-h density is larger than about 1 ×10^11 cm^-2. The excitonic binding energies increase obviously as the barrier thickness decreases due to the decrease of the built-in electric field.

Screening influence on the Stark effect of impurity states in strained wurtzite GaN/Al_xGa_(1-x)N heterojunctions under pressure

The screening effect of the random-phase-approximation on the states of shallow donor impurities in free strained wurtzite GaN/AlxGa1-xN heterojunctions under hydrostatic pressure and an external electric field is investigated by using a variational method and a simplified coherent potential approximation. The variations of Stark energy shift with electric field, impurity position, A1 component and areal electron density are discussed. Our results show that the screening dramatically reduces both the blue and red shifts as well as the binding energies of impurity states. For a given impurity position, the change in binding energy is more sensitive to the increase in hydrostatic pressure in the presence of the screening effect than that in the absence of the screening effect. The weakening of the blue and red shifts, induced by the screening effect, strengthens gradually with the increase of electric field. Furthermore, the screening effect weakens the mixture crystal effect, thereby influencing the Stark effect. The screening effect strengthens the influence of energy band bending on binding energy due to the areal electron density.

Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B, High Blood Pressure, and Diabetes Mellitus in the General Population of South Kivu<br/>—Results of World AIDS Day 2016

Background: It has been well-established that a program to fight HIV can accomplish the same results with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Such a strategy has not yet been the subject of a trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of HIV concurrent and respectively other chronic infectious and NCDs in the general population of South Kivu. Methods: Between 1 December 2016 and 15 January 2017, HIV, hepatitis B, high blood pressure (HBP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were tested in the general adult population ≥ 15 years, respectively, in the towns of Bukavu and Uvira, and the rural areas Nyangezi and Walungu, on World AIDS Day 2016. Previous screening of these diseases has been sought, but the association between them was modeled in a multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the three thousand eight hundred and sixty-three (3863) adult subjects > 15 years (52.1% of men) tested voluntarily, the previous screening and prevalence were 33.8% and 1.2% respectively for HIV, 1.3% and 8.3% for hepatitis B, 18.2% and 25.1% for HBP and 9.5% and 4.8% for DM. The acceptance rate for current screening was significantly higher (p Conclusion: This study did more HIV testing than screens for other diseases. Finally, these problems can be managed (at a reasonable cost) with a view similar to the objectives of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Optimal screening interval for intraocular pressure measurement for Asian glaucoma patients

AIM: To explore the optimal interval of intraocular pressure(IOP) measurement for screening glaucoma in healthy people.METHODS: From January to December 2005, we consecutively enrolled all participants(> 20 years old) attending the Center for Preventive Medicine at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, for the annual health check program. The program promoted the early detection of chronic diseases and their risk factors. We excluded people who had glaucoma or a high IOP(≥ 22 mm Hg) at baseline. The annual health check-ups collected all demographic information and medical history with an initial evaluation, including IOP measurement. IOP was measured in both eyes with a full autotonometer TX-F(Canon, Tokyo, Japan). Participants with an IOP ≥ 22 mmH g in either eye were considered to require additional evaluation for glaucoma. We divided the participants into two groups based on age: under 65 years old and over 65 years old. The United States Department of Health and Human Services Cen-ters for Medicare and Medicaid Services guideline was used as a reference. RESULTS: From January 2005 to July 2008, 12 385 participants underwent check-ups each year. The mean ± SD IOP in the higher eye at baseline was 13.4(2.6) in 2005, 13.2(2.7) in 2006, 13.3(2.6), and 12.8(2.6) in 2008. In addition, we analyzed the differences with an analysis of variance(ANOVA), and additional analysis was performed with Bonferroni's correction. The difference between the 4 years was significant(P < 0.01) with ANOVA. Bonferroni analysis revealed significant differences between 2005 and 2006(P < 0.01), 2005 and 2008(P < 0.01), 2006 and 2007(P < 0.01), 2006 and 2008(P < 0.01), and 2007 and 2008(P < 0.01). Only the difference between 2005 and 2007 was not significant(P = 0.1). Logistic regression suggested that only age(P < 0.01) and baseline IOP(P < 0.01) were associated with high IOP; the presence of diabetes, HgbA 1c level, gender, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and family history were non-significant.CONCLUSION: Annual IOP check-ups may be recommended for participants aged ≥ 65 years with baseline IOPs of 17-21 mm Hg. A check-up every 3 years or more may be recommended for patients with IOPs < 17 mmH g.

Testing the value of simple arterial blood pressure measurements in a Greek children’s hospital

Arterial hypertension begins in childhood and may continue, without intervention, throughout adulthood with severe health sequelae.The base of timely diagnosis is the systematic blood pressure (BP) measurement. Background: The study aims at revealing the level of parental and community awareness and testing the value of a simple measurement in uncovering children who need further assessment when performing an in-hospital BP screening. Methods: BP was measured in 600 children (0 - 17 yr, mean age 5.1 ± 4.3 yr) at a Children’s hospital. Parents were asked to fill in a specially structured questionnaire. Results: In 47.2% of the subjects (40.1% of them were Greeks and 60.6% foreigners), BP had never been checked before (p arterial BP had never been checked before. Surprisingly, a health certificate was issued for school purposes for 81.2% of the schoolchildren of this study, and 75.3% of the enrolled children were allowed to participate in sports clubs without first checking BP. Moreover, parents demonstrated a low level of alertness with respect to paediatric hypertension. Conclusions: Simple arterial BP measurements can ensure early detection and thus early referral to specialists.

大气压固体分析探针结合单四极杆质谱仪快速检测18种合成大麻素

本研究建立了一种大气压固体分析探针结合单四极杆质谱仪(ASAP-MS)快速检测18种合成大麻素(SCs)的方法。通过优化ASAP-MS锥孔电压,确定4种优化电压为15、25、35和50 V,以提供化合物全面的质谱信息。在优化条件下对一系列SCs标准溶液进行分析,建立了18种SCs的质谱库,并对本方法进行方法学验证,得到18种SCs的检出限为10~20 mg/L。应用该方法对缴获的15批次未知样品进行检测,9批次呈阳性。该方法具有前处理简单、分析速度快、匹配高效精准、定性准确的优势,可用于基层公安禁毒部门的分析检测。

基于分子动力学的丝网印刷柔性传感器电极导电性机理研究

目的研究提高丝网印刷柔性传感器电极的导电性,为提升柔性传感器的电学性能提供参考依据。方法首先采用分子动力学(Molecular Dynamic,MD)模拟方法,建立在Wenzel模型下导电银浆团簇在不同粗糙因子下的对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate,PET)表面铺展的分子动力学模型,其次分别计算各体系下的结合能,用以表征不同体系下PET表面对导电银浆团簇结合能力,接下来通过丝网印刷实验的方法探究银浆与不同粗糙因子PET的结合能力对传感器电极的导电性的影响。结果仿真结果表明,导电银浆团簇在不同粗糙因子的PET表面的铺展过程中会陷入粗糙表面的凹陷处,且导电银浆与基材的结合能随着PET粗糙因子的增加而增加。实验结果表明,使用不同粗糙因子的PET作为承印物能显著提升电极的导电性。相比于未处理的PET,随着粗糙因子的增加,导电线条的电导率逐渐升高,电阻率逐渐降低,方块电阻逐渐降低。电导率最大提升了77%,电阻率最大下降了43%,方块电阻最大下降了38%。结论导电银浆在粗糙表面铺展的过程中会渗入基材的凹陷处,增加了吸附点位,使得银浆与基材的结合更加紧密,银颗粒之间距离变小导电性增强。因此为了增加导电线条的导电性可以适当增加基材的粗糙度。

复杂灌溉区悬浮自洁式泵前过滤器优化设计研究

针对灌溉区复杂的水质环境导致泵前滤网频繁堵塞需要耗费大量的人力财力等问题,设计一种自动清洗的泵前过滤器。通过滤网出水口压差∆P大于预设压差P作为自动清洗装置控制开启条件,对滤网工作流场进行数学分析,得到控制体体积Q和包围流体的表面积S等相关变量的数学关系,对悬浮箱进行每间隔150 mm采用50 mm的凸凹特征设计,提高悬浮箱的承载强度,对滤网关键参数进行设计,对水泵为滤网出水口提供的6种不同压强进行数值模拟,获得滤网出入口压差∆P,为预设压差P的设置提供参考。最后,对6种不同压强进行试验。结果表明,随滤网出水口压强降低,自动清洗装置启停周期和滤网清洗时间呈现增加的趋势。随着滤网出水口压强降低,滤网出入口压差不断减小,滤网内部叶轮受压力的驱动力减弱,滤网旋转速度变慢,导致滤网清洗需要更长的时间。通过测试试验与应用,过滤器能够有效地阻止砂石和菌藻类生物进入微灌系统,自清洗装置能有效地清洗黏附在滤网上面的砂石和菌藻类生物,完全实现滤网无人清洗,大幅度地降低劳动力。

应力筛选试验对某雷达模块壳体的影响性分析

某雷达模块液冷壳体的焊接缺陷往往会引起应力筛选后出现一定比例的漏液现象。而装配后的应力筛选过程中的不合理因素会对焊接缺陷造成进一步地放大。本文分别分析了应力筛选试验的温度循环过程和随机振动过程对模块壳体的影响。结果发现排液后温度循环过程封闭腔压力变化对焊缝影响较小;随机振动过程激励在工装的不同部位均有一定倍数的响应放大并形成激励传递链,对焊缝产生了非设计必要的影响。基于试验及分析结果,为避免液冷焊接类壳体的过筛选提出了适应性建议,具体措施为在温度循环过程前模块应进行充分排液且对振动工装进行振动响应实测。

微柱状CsI闪烁转换屏的制备和表征

闪烁转换屏是X射线成像探测器的重要组成部分,微柱状的闪烁转换屏可以提高X射线成像探测器的空间分辨率。采用周期为4μm、孔深为100μm的微孔硅阵列作为基底模板,热氧化得到二氧化硅反射层后,再通过真空熔融压力注入法填充CsI获得了具有周期结构的微柱状闪烁转换屏,研究了真空度、注入压力、加压时间对硅孔内CsI微柱形貌的影响。结果表明:真空度10^(-2)Pa、注入压力6 MPa、加压时间30 min时,可以有效消除CsI微柱中存在的气泡,得到均匀、连续、致密的微柱状闪烁转换屏。X射线衍射和激发发射谱展示了制备的微柱状像素化CsI闪烁转换屏具有优异的结晶性和发光性能。刃边法测得制备的微柱状CsI闪烁转换屏空间分辨率可达97 lp/mm。

柔性压力传感器教学实验平台设计与实现

针对柔性电子器件制备成本高、工艺复杂、无法大批量生产等问题,搭建了基于丝网印刷工艺的柔性电子器件制备平台,解决了传统教学理论不深、对先进传感器了解少,难以开展实验的痛点。基于柔性电子器件制备平台制造的柔性压力栅格阵列传感器可检测的最小压力为10.2 Pa,同时具有较好的响应性能、良好的稳定性和可重复性。柔性压力栅格阵列传感器的可视化实验测试结果表明,该传感器能够对受力位置进行精确定位,并且可显示压力分布,为本科生传感器课程教学与实验设计提供基础。

高速地铁气动荷载对屏蔽门的影响分析

研究目的:随着城市的快速扩张,以及都市群的形成,为提高旅行速度,许多城市已建设或即将开始建设速度大于100 km/h的高速地铁项目。高速运行的地铁列车其气动效应会对轨侧设备设施产生脉动风压,作用在屏蔽门上的脉动风压会影响屏蔽门的启闭和可靠性。本文采用三维数值计算方法分析了高速地铁过站越行时,列车速度、活塞风井开闭、有无列车阻塞对轨行区压力波和屏蔽门气动荷载的影响。研究结论:(1)活塞风井开关对压力波变化存在影响,活塞风井开启时压力波1 s和3 s内的变化极值都大于活塞风井关闭时;(2)列车运行速度、活塞风井开关、车站内是否存在列车阻塞,三个影响因素相比,列车运行速度对隧道内压力值及屏蔽门气动荷载的影响最大;(3)列车速度为100 km/h时,屏蔽门承受最大风压为1.042 kPa;列车速度为140 km/h时,屏蔽门承受最大风压为1.486 kPa;(4)本文提出的高速地铁过站越行时压力波特性及对屏蔽门气动荷载的影响规律,可为后期类似工程采取有效防治措施提供参考依据。

柔性棉织物压力传感器的制备及性能研究

为了探究柔性传感器在使用时的灵敏度和可靠性,选用液态金属镓铟合金作为导电敏感材料,利用丝网印刷工艺在棉织物上印刷液态金属叉指电极,并将其作为底电极;采用超声法制作液态金属锦纶电极,并将其作为压阻层。将压阻层与底电极上下组装成压阻式柔性棉织物压力传感器,并测试其相关性能。结果表明:当施加不同的外力时,柔性压力传感器的电阻随着外力的增加而线性减小;在0 kPa~2 kPa的压力测试范围内,传感器的灵敏度可达到0.397 kPa^(-1);传感器的加载响应时间为0.135 s,卸载响应时间为0.140 s,对外力的变化具有较好的响应性能和稳定性;制备的柔性棉织物压力传感器在人体手腕弯曲检测中,电阻变化率的循环曲线保持一致,传感器在相同角度的反复弯曲运动中提供了稳定的输出。

基于镓基液态金属的电容式柔性压力传感器

旨在设计并测试一种基于镓基液态金属的电容式柔性压力传感器。该传感器由镓基液态金属镓铟锡合金(Galinstan)、炭黑(CB)以及聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)以牺牲模板法制作传感器介电层,同时通过丝网印刷技术将镓基液态金属共晶镓铟合金(EGaIn)印刷于普通织物上制备传感器电极。完成传感器封装后,对传感器进行各项传感性能的测试。测试结果表明,该传感器具备较高灵敏度(0.18 kPa^(-1)),低迟滞性,快速响应时间(140 ms)及恢复时间(180 ms),并展现出优良的循环耐久性和稳定性。此外,还探讨了该传感器在监测人体运动,如自行车踏频监测和步频监测等方面的潜在应用,证明其在运动分析和健康监测领域的有效性。通过这些实验和分析,证实了该传感器作为一种新型柔性压力传感器的可行性和应用潜力,为未来的研究和应用提供了有价值的参考。

滚动负压筛在国内油气钻井中的试验与应用

传统钻井振动筛在常压下依靠振动产生5~6g的抛掷力将钻屑从钻井液中筛分出来,钻屑含液率高,固废量大。滚动负压筛是一种基于带式真空过滤原理与微振动复合作用的钻井液固液分离装置,其钻井液的透筛主要依靠真空作用,钻屑含液率低,钻井液回收率高,固废产生量少。2014年以来,国内陆续引进部分滚动负压筛,在海洋钻井固废减量和陆地钻井钻屑减量中进行了试验和小范围的应用,但相关的试验和应用报道较少。对滚动负压筛在国内陆地钻井中进行了应用和对比试验,试验结果表明,滚动负压筛排出钻屑的体积含液率可降低到35%以下,油基泥浆时,每米进尺泥浆消耗量和固废实际产生量比传统振动筛可分别降低32.25%和51.63%,分离出的钻井液含砂量和有害固相降低,提升了钻井液的性能。滚动负压筛的应用具有较好的经济效益和环保效益,但一次性设备投入成本较高,可能影响其大面积的推广应用。

高温高湿低压低氧环境认知测试项目筛选及认知表现变化规律研究

筛选了高温高湿低压低氧环境下认知功能的测试项目,并在温度37℃、相对湿度80%、海拔高度3500m环境下开展认知实验,研究人体运动状态时认知表现的变化规律。通过测试项目难度评价筛选出视觉保留、数字检索、注意力调转、视选择反应时和斯特鲁普等5个认知测试项目;对测试项目的刺激限时、应答限时和刺激量进行调整,调整后的刺激限时评价、综合难度评价和时长接受度评价达到适中或正好可接受,调整后的总测试时长约为710s。认知实验结果显示,心率、口腔温度和血氧饱和度均在安全限值内,口腔温度最高达到38.3℃。受试者的认知测试成绩在实验过程中呈现升高的趋势,表明认知表现由于运动得到改善,但为维持认知测试成绩,受试者需要付出更多的主观努力而导致脑力负荷增大。研究成果可为复杂环境下认知测试项目筛选以及认知表现变化规律研究提供参考。

燃气轮机压气机进气滤网高压差原因分析及解决对策

杂质对于燃气轮机压气机的运行会形成较多的不利因素,严重的会威胁到压气机的运行环境。为此提出对燃气轮机压气机进气滤网高压差原因分析及解决对策。简述了燃气轮机压气机运行及性能,从自清反吹系统失灵,杂物、污染物过多以及滤网材料、结构问题等3个方面,对进气滤网出现高压差原因进行分析。针对原因对其进行多层级控制空气流量,定期清洗、更换滤网,自清反吹系统周期性维护。在此基础之上,设定优化压气机材料和结构,并采用安装自适应实时高压差报警设备来进行高压差的控制巩固,稳定燃气轮机压气机的运行环境,延长使用寿命。

基于微粉干筛工艺的“多碎少磨”改造设计与生产实践

微粉筛是一种采用直线激振方式的新型振动筛产品,具有激振力强、单位面积处理量大、筛分效率高、能耗低等特点。采用微粉筛作为高压辊磨产品的检查筛分设备,可解决常规筛分设备在细粒级物料干筛时处理量小、筛分效率低的问题。为提高某钼矿选矿厂碎矿系统的生产能力、降低单位能耗,基于“多碎少磨”原则,通过在原有破碎和磨矿作业之间增加高压辊磨+干式闭路筛分工序,形成三段两闭路破碎流程。新增筛分设备采用2台SSMS43100微粉筛。生产运行实践中,微粉筛的筛分效率在不同工况下基本维持在90%以上,碎磨系统单位矿石电耗较改造前降低34.26%。