High Temperature Rheological Performance of Graphene Modified Rubber Asphalt

To elucidate the high temperature rheological capability of graphene modified rubber asphalt,three contents of graphene and crumb rubber were prepared by a combination of mechanical agitation and high speed shearing machine,then used dynamic shear rheological test(DSR)and multiple stress creep recovery(MSCR)tests to evaluate.The hardness and softening point with rotational viscosity of samples raised with the addition of graphene,especially the addition of 0.04%.Dynamic shear rheological test revealedthat the dynamic shear modulus G*,rutting factor G*/Sin δ,and zero shear viscosity(ZSV)of graphene-modified rubber asphalt were greatly influenced along with graphene-increased,on the contrary,phase angle δ which characterize the viscoelastic ratio of asphalt decreased.Multiple stress creep recovery(MSCR)tests showed that the graphene-enhanced rubber asphalt had high-temperature stability through non-recoverable creep compliance(Jnr).Based on these findings,graphene-modified rubber asphalt binders with the addition of 0.04% graphene had good viscoelastic properties as well as high temperature rutting resistance performance.In the meantime,G*/Sin δ,ZSV,and Jnr100,Jnr3200 have good correlation,which can reveal the excellent high-temperature stability performance of asphalt.

Rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure

The rheological properties of two kinds of oil-based drilling fluids with typically composition were studied at pressures up to 138 MPa and temperatures up to 204 ℃ using the RheoChan 7400 Rheometer.The experimental results show that the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield point decrease with the increase of temperature,and increase with the increase of pressure.The effect of pressure on the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield point is considerable at ambient temperature.However,this effect gradually reduces with the increase of temperature.The major factor influencing the rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids is temperature instead of pressure in the deep sections of oil wells.On the basis of numerous experiments,the model for predict the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield point of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and pressure was established using the method of regressive analysis.It is confirmed that the calculated data are in good agreement with the measured data,and the correlation coefficients are more than 0.98.The model is convenient for use and suitable for the application in drilling operations.

Experimental evaluation on high temperature rheological properties of various fiber modified asphalt binders

High temperature rheological properties of fiber modified asphalt binders and impact of the type and content on such properties were studied.Three types of fiber,including polyester(PET),polyacrylonitrile(PAN) and cellulose(CEL),a control content(0%) and four levels of fiber content(2%,4%,6% and 8% by total asphalt binder mass) were used with asphalt binders.The high temperature rheological properties,consisting of complex modulus(G*) and phase angle δ,were measured using SHRP's dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) between 46-82 ℃.Experimental results indicate that the changes of G* and tan δ of fiber modified asphalt binders with the increase of test temperature tend to slow down,and the temperature susceptibility is improved obviously compared to that of original asphalt binder.Fiber modification results in the increase of rutting parameter(G*/sin δ) at high temperatures,the decrease of temperature susceptibility,and further improved high temperature performance of asphalt binder.An excellent correlation exhibits between fiber content and high temperature performance of asphalt binder.Moreover,fiber type also has different influences on the improvement of G*/sin δ,G*/sin δ of PET and PAN fiber asphalt binders are both higher than that of CEL fiber,but G*/sin δ of CEL fiber is still higher than that of original asphalt.However,there is a critical fiber content when fibers start to interact with each other.Therefore,based on the critical fiber content and economic consideration,the optimum fiber contents for various fiber-modified asphalt binders are obtained.

Research on deepwater synthetic drilling fluid and its low temperature rheological properties

With the rapid development of deepwater drilling operations,more and more complex technical challenges have to be faced due to the rigorous conditions encountered.One of these challenges is that the drilling fluid used must had good rheological properties at low temperatures and high ability to inhibit hydrate formation.Synthetic drilling fluid has been widely applied to deepwater drilling operations due to its high penetration rate,excellent rheological properties,good ability to prevent hydrate formation,and high biodegradability.A synthetic drilling fluid formulation was developed in our laboratory.The rheological properties of this drilling fluid at low temperatures （0-20 °C） were tested with a 6-speed viscometer and its ability to inhibit hydrate formation was evaluated at 20 MPa CH 4 gas and 0 °C by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）.Several factors influencing the low temperature rheological properties of this synthetic drilling fluid were studied in this paper.These included the viscosity of the base fluid,the amount of CEMU and organic clay,and the water volume fraction.

Effects of temperature change on the rheological property of modified multiwall carbon nanotubes

Solvent-free nanofluids hold promise for many technologically significant applications.The liquid-like behavior,a typical rheological property of solvent-free nanofluids,has aroused considerable interests.However,there has been still lack of efficient methods to predict and control the liquid-like behavior of solvent-free nanofluids.In this paper,we propose a semi-discrete dynamic system with stochastic excitation describing the temperature change effects on the rheological property of multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)modified by grafting sulfonic acid terminated organosilanes as corona and tertiary amine as canopy,which is a typical covalent-type solvent-free nanofluid system.The vibration of the grafting branches is simulated by employing a structure-preserving approach,and the shear force of grafting branches at the fixed end is computed subsequently.By taking the shear forces as an excitation acting on the MWCNTs,the axial motion of the MWCNTs is solved with the 7-point Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rule.The critical temperature associated with the appearance of the liquid-like behavior as well as the upper bound of the moving speed of the modified MWCNTs is determined,which can be used to predict and control the liquid-like behavior of the modified MWCNTs in engineering applications.

Investigation of rheological properties of TPS modified bitumen

Rheological properties of the virgin bitumen and TPS modified bitumen binders with several percentages of TPS additives were studied.All TPS modified bituminous binders were prepared on a laboratory scale.Dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) strain sweep test was made to measure the linear viscoelasticity areas of various bitumen binders at -20-70 ℃,then temperature sweep test and frequency sweep test were made in the linear viscoelasticity areas.Complex modulus master curves were drawn to analyze and compare various bitumen binders' rheological properties.Based on the test results,the ideal percentage of TPS additive was brought forward.The results show that TPS modified bitumen binders have more excellent properties at high,medium and low temperatures compared with original bitumen.The dosages of TPS additive are vital to their properties.

Rheological properties of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium vinylsulfonate) solutions

Poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)(PAM/AA-Na) and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium vinylsulfonate)(PAM/VSS-Na) were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization.The effects of CaCl2 on PAM/VSS-Na or PAM/VSS-Na aqueous solutions were investigated by steady-flow experiments at 25,40,55 and 70 ℃.The results show that the apparent viscosities of both solutions decrease with addition of CaCl2 or increase of temperature and shear rates.PAM/VSS-Na solution has better performance on the salt tolerance,shear endurance and temperature resistance due to containing sulfonic group in the molecules.Ca2+ concentration can affect the viscous activation energy of both solutions and the reason may be that these interactions between Ca2+ and also copolymer molecules are related to temperature and competitive in solution.These results may offer the basic data for searching the flooding systems with the ability of temperature resistance,salt tolerance and shear endurance for tertiary oil recovery.

Study on the Effect of Fibers on the Properties of Asphalt Mastics

To study the influence of fiber on the properties of asphalt mortar,the properties of lignin fiber,polyester fiber,and basalt fiber were summarized and analyzed respectively.The high-and low-temperature properties of fiber asphalt mortar were studied and analyzed by using three indexes,rutting factor and tensile fracture energy.The results showed that all three kinds of fibers could improve the performance of asphalt mortar to varying degrees,with lignin fiber demonstrating the best effect,followed by basalt fiber and polyester fiber.The type the fiber can be selected based on the required thermal stability and cost depending on the project type.

Research for time-temperature equivalence effect of rock(Ⅰ):Theory research

In order to know about the rheological properties of rock in a long range of the time scale,method of increasing temperature was brought forward to accelerate the rheological process of rock,which could extend the time scale of experimental test data.Firstly,based on the generalized linear viscoelastic constitutive equation with temperature variable,the creep behavior of rock was divided into three types according to the different strain dependences of the time,that is,Hookean deformation,Newtonian flow,and retarded elasticity.Then the general equivalence relationship between time parameter and temperature parameter was derived for each type of strain.Finally,the relation between time parameter and temperature parameter in the whole creep was considered and the general theory of time-temperature equivalence effect(TTEE) of rock was established.This research reveals: ①The temperature effect on the instantaneous strain could be modified through vertical shift.②The key point of the TTEE of Newtonian flow depends on whether in the study of linear viscoelastic behavior of rock change of temperature is completely equivalent to a shift of the logarithmic time scale or not.③By plotting the results of a creep experiment performed at different temperatures and comparing the curves obtained,one can decide whether the rock considered have TTEE.④The TTEE of the whole creep should satisfy that the horizontal shift function of Newtonian flow and retarded elasticity is consentaneous.

Study on Low-Temperature Traction Behavior of a Space Lubricating Oil No.4116

The traction behavior of space lubricating oil No. 4116 was measured and analyzed at various oil inlet temperatures below 0 ℃ and various rolling speeds under normal loads by a test rig simulating the operating conditions of space bearings. A traction coefficient calculation model was presented. The rheological property and rheological parameters of the lubricant at a low oil inlet temperature were analyzed based on the Tevaarwerk-Johnson model. The results showed that the lubricating oil No. 4116 was sensitive to the rolling speed and had lower sensitivity to the normal load. This lubricating oil is more suitable for applications under high speed when it is used below 0 ℃. It behaves as an elastic-plastic fluid operating below 0 ℃. Both the average limiting shear stress and the average elastic shear modulus have a negative correlation with the rolling speed and oil inlet temperature and have a positive correlation with the normal load.

温度对植物蛋白基油墨3D打印性能的影响

为了开发新型食品类3D打印材料,本文以大豆分离蛋白-谷朊粉-大米蛋白(SPI-WG-RP)复合糊状物为对象,探究不同打印温度(25、30、35、40℃)对复合植物蛋白基油墨的流变性能、3D打印性能和结构特性的影响。结果表明,所有温度下SPI-WG-RP油墨均表现出剪切稀化行为(R^(2)≥0.98),具有3D打印可行性。打印温度的升高降低了SPI-WG-RP油墨的屈服应力和黏度。当温度达到40℃时,蛋白基油墨材料的挤出恢复最好(>62.79%),SPI-WG-RP油墨具有出色的自支撑行为。此外,打印温度的升高促进了三种蛋白之间的紧密连接,40℃时样品微观结构更加致密均匀,在一定程度上提升了3D打印性能。本研究为制备具有打印性能良好的植物蛋白基油墨提供了理论依据,这有利于拓展3D打印技术在植物蛋白领域的应用。

石墨烯对聚脲脂高温流变和摩擦学性能的影响

目的保证轴承体系的安全性和可靠性,研究轴承润滑脂在不同工作温度下的摩擦学性能和流变学性能。方法用机械剥离法制备的石墨烯作为聚脲脂的润滑添加剂,通过四球摩擦试验机、旋转流变仪,研究石墨烯在不同工作温度下对聚脲润滑脂流变行为和摩擦学性能的影响,并通过三维轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对磨斑形貌和结构进行分析。结果添加石墨烯润滑添加剂使聚脲润滑脂的高温硬化现象明显改善,同时提高了聚脲润滑脂的结构稳定性和抗剪切能力。工作温度为75、150℃时,与空白聚脲润滑脂相比,含1.0%(质量分数)石墨烯的聚脲润滑脂润滑下的轴承钢摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨斑直径分别降低49%、20%和10%、20%。随着工作温度的升高,含石墨烯的聚脲润滑脂样品在钢滑动表面形成的沉积膜的结构有序化碳的含量稍有下降,但与空白聚脲润滑脂相比,石墨烯-聚脲润滑脂沉积膜的结构有序化碳含量高得多。结论结构有序化碳的形成对提高基础脂的减摩抗磨性能起至关重要的作用,石墨烯润滑添加剂还可以有效改善聚脲润滑脂的高温硬化性能、胶体稳定性以及稠化剂的结构稳定性。

重质油组成与结构对油煤浆流变性能的影响

新疆低阶煤和重质油资源丰富,具有广阔的煤油共液化工业前景,但重质油自身流动性差,极大地限制了煤油共液化的发展。为认识重质油组成结构对油煤浆流变性能的影响,选取5种性质差异明显的重质油和2种工业循环溶剂油,探究其与上湾煤形成的油煤浆流变性能变化规律,在此基础上通过预加氢调控减压渣油的组成结构,分析重质油组成、结构与流变性能,获得重质油组成结构对油煤浆流变性能的影响规律。结果表明,重质油本身是牛顿流体,加入煤粉后转变为假塑性流体,呈现剪切稀化特征;重质油中胶质和沥青质组分含量越高,形成油煤浆的黏度越高,体系内部的触变结构越丰富,非牛顿流体特征越明显。减压渣油稠油预加氢后,形成油煤浆的黏度显著降低,其中,380℃下预加氢2 h后制成的油煤浆黏度在135℃时降至451 mPa·s,同时油煤浆的触变特性也明显减弱。预加氢促使减压渣油中的长链断裂为短链烃,胶质和沥青质组分转化为饱和分与芳香分,从而抑制胶团的生成,降低油煤浆黏度。其中,380℃下预加氢2 h后胶质含量较未处理减少约21%,重均分子量降至1594 Da,芳香环β位的H含量增加约20%。

PPA对基质沥青及SBS改性沥青流变特性影响研究

为了研究PPA对基质沥青及SBS改性沥青流变性能的影响规律及差异性,借助动态剪切流变仪(DSR)及弯曲梁流变仪对PPA改性沥青及PPA/SBS复合改性沥青在高温和低温下的流变性能进行研究,将PPA改性沥青及PPA/SBS复合改性沥青的试验结果进行对比分析。试验结果表明:PPA使沥青的相位角减小,车辙因子显著提高,可改善沥青的高温性能且对SBS改性沥青的影响更显著;PPA提高了沥青蠕变恢复率,降低了沥青的不可恢复蠕变柔量,但提高了沥青的应力敏感性;PPA提高了沥青的劲度模量、降低了蠕变速率,会对沥青的低温性能产生不利影响且对SBS改性沥青的影响更明显。

无溶剂超支化有机硅耐高温涂层的性能

用甲基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷和三甲基氯硅烷,采用一锅水解-缩聚法制备了无溶剂超支化有机硅树脂(HSR),利用红外光谱和硅核磁共振谱表征了化学结构.系统研究了HSR改性甲基硅树脂(SH9502)的综合性能,包括流变性、耐热性和机械性能等.结果表明:HSR的添加能显著降低HSR/SH9502共混树脂的黏度,提高其耐热性能.随着HSR添加量的增加,涂层的机械性能、阻燃、接触角等性能提高,当HSR添加量为12%(质量分数)时,制备的涂层机械性能优异且高温处理后机械性能下降不明显,同时具备优良的阻燃性能、附着力和耐水性,有望在耐高温阻燃涂料领域得到应用.

封汽窜用栲胶冻胶研制及其流变性能研究

海上稠油油藏地层温度低,蒸汽驱开采期间容易发生汽窜。文中使用6%杨梅栲胶、0.2%乌洛托品、3%黏土制成的栲胶冻胶在55℃的低温下成胶时间可控,300℃热处理后强度高,热处理一个月后脱水率小于5%。流变实验分析表明,在几乎不增加成胶液黏度的情况下,黏土的加入显著增强了栲胶成胶液的触变性、成胶后冻胶的强度。此外,黏土强化形成的栲胶冻胶在较大应变剪切下可以保持冻胶结构的稳定性。使用Cryo-SEM对冻胶分析结果表明,微米级黏土颗粒的加入可以与栲胶分子的多活性羟基形成多基团交联的多重网络结构,使得冻胶锁水能力增强,微观上是冻胶高温下稳定性增加的原因。实验结果表明,由黏土颗粒强化形成的栲胶冻胶强度高、热稳定性好,适用于低温油藏蒸汽驱过程中封堵汽窜的实际需求。

小麦低温制粉系统各粉路小麦粉品质特性差异性研究

通过对小麦低温制粉系统各粉路小麦粉品质特性的研究,可为开发不同专用小麦粉提供参考。以低温制粉系统的4个皮磨粉、6个心磨粉、1个渣磨粉和1个尾磨粉共12个粉路样品和通路粉(该批次市场产品)面粉为研究对象,通过测定小麦粉品质和面团流变学特性,比较分析不同粉路小麦粉品质差异。结果表明,心磨粉路1M、2M、3M和渣磨粉路的小麦粉光泽度高;心磨粉路蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数普遍低于皮磨粉路;皮磨和心磨粉路的靠前粉路小麦粉灰分和损伤淀粉低于靠后粉路,峰值粘度高于靠后粉路。皮磨和心磨的靠后路粉的吸水量(500 FU)高于靠前路粉;皮磨粉路小麦粉的P值、W值、L值、G值、能量和最大拉伸阻力普遍高于心磨粉路,但延伸度普遍低于心磨粉路。

钻井液用耐低温乳化剂的研制与性能评价

油基钻井液性能稳定,常应用于复杂地层开发,但在零下低温环境中存在黏度、切力上涨过快的问题。为解决这一问题,制备了一种耐低温高性能乳化剂ZF-SB,该乳化剂具有超低凝点(-33℃),解决了传统液体乳化剂零下低温无法流动的问题,可显著降低油水界面张力,由其配制的乳状液粒径在0.6~4.2μm之间,粒径分布窄,其破乳电压为1397V,有利于油基钻井液在低温条件下的稳定状态。另外,由耐低温乳化剂ZF-SB配制的油基钻井液在0℃以下仍具有良好的流变性,避免了油基钻井液由于低温增稠效应而造成井底当量循环密度(ECD值)高、井漏和压力控制难等问题。

废塑料改性沥青流变性能的研究进展

废塑料改性沥青作为一种绿色环保的新型道路材料,不仅可以减少对环境的污染,同时也可改善沥青的路用性能,并且其流变特性对沥青路面的高低温性能具有重要影响。因此,利用流变性能评价指标分析废塑料对改性沥青性能的影响已成为未来研究重点。对废塑料改性沥青的分类和改性方法概述,并对废塑料改性沥青高低温流变性能的评价方法与指标(动态剪切试验、多应力蠕变恢复试验、零剪切黏度、弯曲梁流变试验、直接拉伸试验)进行了全面分析,分析了不同流变性能评价方法与指标的不足,最后对流变指标在废塑料改性沥青的应用前景进行展望。

抗超高温高密度聚合物饱和盐水钻井液体系

设计并研制了3种聚合物类水基钻井液抗高温处理剂,即弱交联结构两性离子聚合物降滤失剂、柔性聚合物微球纳米封堵剂和梳型聚合物润滑剂,构建了能够满足深部地层钻井的抗超高温高密度聚合物饱和盐水钻井液体系。研究表明:弱交联结构两性离子聚合物降滤失剂具有良好的反聚电解质效应,200℃、饱和盐环境老化后API滤失量小于8 mL;柔性聚合物微球纳米封堵剂通过改善泥饼质量降低体系的滤失量,对纳米级孔缝具有良好的封堵效果;梳型聚合物润滑剂重均相对分子质量为4804,具有多个极性吸附位点,高温高盐条件下润滑性能优异。构建的密度为2.0 g/cm^(3)的钻井液体系流变性能良好,200℃的高温高压滤失量小于15 mL,高温静置5 d沉降因子小于0.52,对易水化岩屑的滚动回收率与油基钻井液接近,具有良好的封堵性能和润滑性能。