Roller Screw and Threaded Chain Speed Reducer: An Experimental Evaluation

We are developing a speed reducer that can be considered a transformation of a worm gear reducer: the worm is replaced by an inverted roller screw, and the gear is replaced by a threaded chain drive. This configuration lessens wear, increases load capacity, and improves efficiency. The threaded chain consists of nut-shaped links. This paper presents the results of tests carried out on a prototype with a reduction ratio of 46.

Miller Cycle with Early Intake Valve Closing in Marine Medium-Speed Diesel Engines

In this study,a one-dimensional simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of in-cylinder combustion to control NO_(x) emissions on a four-stroke,six-cylinder marine medium-speed diesel engine.Reducing the combustion temperature is an important in-cylinder measure to decrease NO_(x) emissions of marine diesel engines.The Miller cycle is an effective method used to reduce the maximum combustion temperature in a cylinder and accordingly decrease NO_(x) emissions.Therefore,the authors of this study designed seven different early intake valve closing(EIVC)Miller cycles for the original engine,and analyzed the cycle effects on combustions and emissions in high-load conditions.The results indicate that the temperature in the cylinder was significantly reduced,whereas fuel consumption was almost unchanged.When the IVC was properly advanced,the ignition delay period increased and the premixed combustion accelerated,but the in-cylinder average pressure,temperature and NO_(x) emissions in the cylinder were lower than the original engine.However,closing the intake valve too early led to high fuel consumption.In addition,the NO_(x) emissions,in-cylinder temperature,and heat release rate remarkably increased.Therefore,the optimal timing of the EIVC varied with different loads.The higher the load was,the earlier the best advance angle appeared.Therefore,the Miller cycle is an effective method for in-engine NO_(x) purification and does not entail significant cost.

Characteristics Investigation of Single-Sided Ironless PMLSM Based on Halbach Array for Medium-Speed Maglev Train

This paper investigates characteristics of ironless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)based on Halbach array used for medium-speed(200km/h)maglev train.Long primary ironless coil is laid in the middle of track and the Halbach permanent magnet array is attached to the bottom of each bogie as a source of traction,U-shape electromagnets at the both sides of the train for levitation.Two dimensional analytical model of single-sided ironless PMLSM based on Halbach array is established,using linear overlay method,the no-load air gap magnetic field is calculated firstly,winding current density distribution is obtained for calculating the characteristics of thrust and normal force against power angle,including force characteristics with equal and unequal pole pitch,the influence of steel sleeper,etc.Besides,the mathematical model for this type motor is built by 3D finite element method,the traction characteristics of medium-speed maglev under maximum speed 200km/h are calculated.The characteristics of this type motor are satisfactory owing to there is no detent force in the motor and thrust force reach maximum meanwhile normal force can be eliminated.Calculation method is verified by comparing finite element results,experimental result on a 200kW type motor further validates the accuracy of calculation and some important conclusions are obtained.

Optimal Design of Tapered Roller Bearings Based on Multi⁃Physics Objectives Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Rolling element bearing is the most common machine element in rotating machinery.An extended life is among the foremost imperative standards in the optimal design of rolling element bearings,which confide on the fatigue failure,wear,and thermal conditions of bearings.To fill the gap,in the current work,all three objectives of a tapered roller bearing have been innovatively considered respectively,which are the dynamic capacity,elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)minimum film⁃thickness,and maximum bearing temperature.These objective function formulations are presented,associated design variables are identified,and constraints are discussed.To solve complex non⁃linear constrained optimization formulations,a best⁃practice design procedure was investigated using the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)algorithms.A sensitivity analysis of several geometric design variables was conducted to observe the difference in all three objectives.An excellent enhancement was found in the bearing designs that have been optimized as compared with bearing standards and previously published works.The present study will definitely add to the present experience based design followed in bearing industries to save time and obtain assessment of bearing performance before manufacturing.To verify the improvement,an experimental investigation is worthwhile conducting.

Discussion on Lightning Protection Design of "Feilongzaitian" Roller Coaster of Fangte in Zigong

The lightning protection design of "Feilongzaitian" roller coaster of Fangte in Zigong was discussed, and the lightning protection measures of "Feilongzaitian" roller coaster were analyzed from the aspects of direct lightning protection, grounding and lightning electromagnetic impulse protection.

Analysis of Vibrations of Roller of the Polymer Composite Coating Equipment on Stitches of Tarpaulin Materials

The article presents a structural diagram and the principle of operation of the installation of a sewing machine for applying a polymer composition to the stitch lines of tarpaulin materials. The calculation schemes and the mathematical model of oscillations of the axis of the composite roller during the application of the polymer composition along the lines of tarpaulin materials are presented. Based on the numerical solution of the problem, the regularities of roller oscillations are presented. The main parameters of the system are substantiated.

金属板材大深宽比微沟槽特征辊压成形工艺分析

提出一种新型的辊压成形的工艺,对主辅成形辊轮的轮廓设计提出新的设计思路,并对0.1 mm的厚度TA1钛板微沟槽(深度2.5 mm,深宽比86.2%)进行辊压成形的试验,将最大减薄率、最大深度偏差作为评价指标,验证工艺的合理性与科学性。结果表明:辅助成形辊轮在满足挠度(<0.02 mm)的前提下,应尽可能减少辅助成形辊轮的特征数,使其在辊压过程中板材折弯变形而非拉延,其最大减薄率为小于0.4%,深度偏度小于0.5%,配合冲压模具可以对大深宽比的微沟槽成形,而不受拔模角度的影响,此新型成形工艺可以促进金属板材微沟槽产品的产业化。

荸荠收获机弹簧辊式泥果分离装置研制

针对荸荠收获泥果分离难、果实损伤率高的问题,根据旱地环境下荸荠采收作业需求,该研究提出一种由正反旋弹簧并排布置的荸荠收获机弹簧辊式泥果分离装置。通过对荸荠与弹簧辊的相对运动过程动力学分析,确定了影响荸荠收获泥果分离的关键因素为弹簧外径、螺距、相邻弹簧间距、高度差及弹簧转速、线径、作业速度。利用EDEM软件建立泥果混合物离散元模型,对弹簧辊结构参数与工作参数进行单因素试验,分析各因素对泥果分离效果的影响。以荸荠筛分率和土壤筛分率为指标进行二次回归正交试验,得到弹簧辊最佳参数组合为外径100 mm、螺距30 mm、间距9 mm、转速420 r/min,该参数组合下荸荠筛分率为80.00%,土壤筛分率为80.69%。进行仿真验证试验,对比试验结果与模型预测值,荸荠筛分率平均相对误差为2.09%,土壤筛分率平均相对误差为2.42%。以明果率、伤果率、破皮率、挖净率为指标开展模拟采挖试验,分析不同线径弹簧辊的泥果分离能力,确定12 mm线径弹簧兼具较好的振动筛分性能和较低的损伤率。通过实际收获试验测得作业速度0.21 m/s,作业效率0.19 m^(2)/s,碎土率75.61%,明果率82.42%,伤果率14.73%,破皮率7.01%。研究结果可为荸荠收获机研制和优化改进提供参考。

金刚石砂轮与金刚石滚轮磨削接触的声发射监测

为了实现金刚石砂轮磨削加工金刚石滚轮过程的自动化,需要对磨削接触状态进行准确识别。由于磨削过程中材料去除率较小导致声发射信号幅值变化不显著,仅用有效值对磨削接触状态识别的准确性受噪声影响很大。针对此问题,通过模态分解和相关性分析相结合的方法对采集的声发射信号进行处理,再计算各分量的有效值和方差值完成特征提取,最后利用支持向量机对磨削接触状态进行识别。实际应用发现:该方法对滚轮的磨削接触状识别准确率达到了98.3%,准确实现了对磨削接触状态的识别。

对辊制粒机压辊的有限元分析及优化

对辊制粒机的压辊在工作过程中由于受交变载荷作用寿命往往较短,为改善压辊受力状况,根据对对辊制粒机制粒成型过程的分析以及对压辊受力状况的研究,建立了压辊的力学模型;在此基础上,以某型对辊制粒机为初始模型,通过有限元软件Abaqus探究了压辊表面应力分布情况,并进一步对其长径比及支撑方式进行了优化,结果表明:压辊长径比为1.034时,最大应力比初始模型减小了8.92%,单侧支撑改为双侧支撑可使最大应力减小65.31%,因此这两种优化方式对提高压辊的使用寿命具有重要参考价值。

滚子与内圈打滑行为诱导的振动特性

针对滚子打滑试验研究困难的问题,通过分析滚子-内圈运动副的相对运动关系得出运动副振动特征频率的计算公式,在此基础上开展打滑试验,提取滚子纯滚动、打滑状态下的振动信号并采用短时傅里叶变换进行时频域分析,结果表明:滚子打滑会诱发一定的振动响应,其频率与滚子、内圈的转动频率相关,理论计算结果与试验结果较为吻合,可用于测算滚子打滑程度;滚子由纯滚动状态转变为打滑状态或由打滑状态转变为纯滚动状态时,纵向、切向振动的幅值均会发生突变,切向振动信号占主要成分且幅值更大。

十八辊单机架轧机振动纹缺陷分析及应用

十八辊单机架轧机投产后出现振动纹缺陷,检查轧机液压缸、传动轴联轴器、电控系统、轧辊磨削工艺等方面,发现液压缸振动,存在压下控制速度过快、磁尺底座开焊、轧辊磨削工艺不合理等问题,通过更换压下液压缸、规范传动装置检查制度、调整轧机压下速度控制增益、增加自动震荡检测功能、优化轧辊磨削工艺等措施,该机轧后带钢的振动纹缺陷减少了91%,缺陷降级品≤0.01%。

振动压路机的能量传递模型与作业参数优化研究

为提高振动压路机作业过程的压实质量,研究了振动压路机的能量传递模型与作业参数优化。首先基于U-K方程建立“碾轮-被压实材料”的系统振动动力学模型,结合能量守恒提出振动压路机能量传递模型;然后以振动频率和压实速度作为寻优工作参数,构建路面压实质量的优化模型;最后通过案例验证证明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。结果表明:工作频率与被压实材料的固有频率比值保持在√2~2范围内,可避免共振带来的影响;初始阶段低速碾压,材料性能稳定后提高碾压速度可保证高效压实,得出振动频率在21.8~27 Hz、压实速度在2.36~2.91 km/s范围内,可达到最优的压实效果。所提的能量传递模型、作业参数优化模型为保障振动压路机压实质量奠定了基础,为提高振动压路机压实质量和效率提供了参考。

砻谷机转子系统结构参数辅助计算系统的设计与实现

[目的]提高胶辊砻谷机转子系统机械工作效率。[方法]基于VB与Matlab平台开发可在Windows系统下独立安装运行的胶辊砻谷机转子系统结构参数辅助计算系统(RRHRSPD)。根据等效设计方法和传统机械设计方法建立了砻谷机的工艺参数、动力参数、结构参数间的耦联关系,探明了转子系统结构参数的设计计算原理;采用VB开发系统操作界面并实时调用Matlab动态链接库,形成系统的核心运算机制,并对系统进行封装发布。[结果]开发了一套胶辊砻谷机转子系统结构参数辅助计算系统。[结论]该系统的计算结果准确、可靠,不仅可用于砻谷机转子系统机械结构的设计计算,也可用于砻谷机性能分析的虚拟试验平台。

对辊式干辣椒脱帽装置设计与试验

针对辣椒机械化脱帽存在的辣椒损伤大、辣椒蒂去除不净等问题,结合辣椒物理力学特性及机械化加工要求,设计了一种对辊式干辣椒脱帽装置。该装置关键部件包括滚筒、脱帽辊和筛网3部分,采用旋转滚筒和回转辊轴的方式实现辣椒脱帽。通过对脱帽装置工作过程分析,确定了去除辣椒蒂的临界条件。借助辣椒受力及运动特征研究,确定了滚筒及脱帽辊的关键参数。滚筒直径为1.8 m、长度为6.0 m、转速为28.83 r/min,脱帽辊的直径为36.0 mm、间隙为0.5 mm、转速为134.21 r/min。通过对筛面利用系数分析,确定了筛分效率较高的方形筛网,且筛面利用系数为60.5%。通过Design-Expert 12软件进行试验设计及数据处理,明确了滚筒转速、脱帽辊转速对损伤率、脱净率的影响规律,并确定了较优参数组合,为辣椒机械化加工技术及装备研发提供理论依据。试验结果表明,该装置损伤率为0.6%,脱净率为98.8%,符合行业标准且满足辣椒机械加工要求。

金刚石滚轮轮廓圆度误差在线判别

金刚石滚轮形面的修形技术是制造金刚石滚轮的关键技术之一,常采用金刚石砂轮磨削法对其进行精密修形,修形后的轮廓圆度误差是考量滚轮修形合格与否的重要指标。目前的轮廓圆度检测方法是人工停机取下滚轮并放置于轮廓仪上进行,极大地增加了滚轮制作的时间和成本。为此,对在五轴加工机床上的金刚石滚轮,沿其轮廓面横向磨削修形时产生的振动信号,提出基于小波包系数和随机森林的在线检测方法并对其轮廓修形状态进行识别,在修形进行状态时的识别准确率为93.3%,具有实际应用价值。

带式输送机不停机更换托辊机器人研究与应用

针对带式输送机托辊更换频繁、人工更换工具笨重、作业劳动强度大、停机更换效率低等问题,以王家岭煤矿主平硐带式输送机为研究对象,根据巷道参数和更换托辊流程,研究不停机更换托辊机器人,制定机器人总体研究方案。基于功能分析法与不停机更换托辊理论研究,利用SolidWorks软件建立机器人三维实体模型,并对行走机构、姿态调整平台、伸缩支撑平台、拆装机械手参数进行优化。通过ANSYS Workbench软件对支撑平台和皮带举升机构进行有限元分析,伸缩支撑平台采用滑轨式结构,滑轨在悬臂和举升额定载荷下应力分别为15.647 MPa和66.395 MPa,最大变形位移出现在额定载荷条件下,位移为1.0742 mm。皮带举升机构选用剪叉式结构,额定举升时最大应力为152.82 MPa,最大位移为0.7331 mm。依据设计参数加工机器人样机,以功率为64 kW的柴油发动机为动力,通过液压马达驱动履带行走,速度范围在3~8 km/h,姿态调整平台可实现升降高度0~357 mm、俯仰角度±15°、侧倾角度-4°~7°、旋转角度-10°~20°、横移范围0~400 mm、纵移范围0~350 mm,多级伸缩机构采用组合滑轨方式实现平台0~2.1 m伸缩,采用五自由度机械手可实现对不同位置托辊进行拆装。通过地面及井下试验测试对机器人样机的行走、姿态调整、举升皮带、拆装托辊功能进行试验验证,结果表明:机器人在主平硐狭窄巷道行驶通过性良好,伸缩支撑平台在输送机不停机状态下举升皮带最大高度为241 mm,为机械手拆装不同位置托辊提供足够操作空间以达到设计性能要求,研究带式输送机不停机更换托辊机器人可为煤矿带式输送机维修提供新途径。

基于视频的托辊异常检测方法研究

针对托辊卡死、阻塞、轴承故障等托辊异常现象检测准确率低及人工检测耗时长的问题,提出基于视频的托辊异常检测方法,对运动托辊进行实时异常检测和报警。分析异常托辊产生的原因,提出基于视频的异常托辊检测方案并设计托辊异常检测网络;实验测得异常托辊检测准确率89.53%,检测速度103帧每秒;使用五个评价标准分析了方案的优劣。相比与基于声音信号的托辊异常检测方案,基于视频的检测方法降低了传感器安装和维护难度,将卡死托辊检测准确率提高至94.57%,确定异常托辊的位置,降低了工人维修时二次定位异常托辊的难度和工作量。

甘蔗横向种植机补种装置辊耙结构仿真分析

针对甘蔗横向种植机在种植过程中出现的漏播问题进行了研究,设计了一套补种装置。通过ADAMS软件对装置中的补种辊耙进行顺逆时针等两种运动形式的虚拟仿真分析,分别得出齿式、整叶式与窝轮式等3种辊耙结构所受的力和扭矩等因素。仿真结果表明:在相同条件下,补种辊耙的逆时针转动方式更优于顺时针转动方式;窝轮式补种装置进行逆时针运动时,其力约为10N,力矩约为2N·m。由于窝轮式补种装置的力、力矩小于齿式补种装置与整叶式补种装置,因此其结构最优,补种性能最好。研究结果可为后续甘蔗横向种植机精准种植的研究与开发提供了一定的理论依据。

滚轮毛刷钝化机对硬质合金刀片切削刃一致性的影响

常用的滚轮毛刷钝化设备在抛光钝化硬质合金刀片切削刃时存在切削刃圆弧半径及大小不均匀问题。文章基于滚轮毛刷钝化设备的工作原理,从毛刷运动及毛刷磨损两个方面分析造成硬质合金刀片切削刃钝化圆弧半径及大小不一致的原因,通过对设备运动方式进行数学建模,计算得知:产品进入毛刷和离开毛刷期间,产品自转的圈数不是整数,则会造成产品某一个角或者某一条切削刃加工时间更长;同时毛刷磨损的不确定性也会造成实际加工时间的差异,造成切削刃圆弧半径及大小不一致乃设备设计的缺陷,不可避免。